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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between 1976 and March 1985 16 neonates with gastrointestinal perforations were treated. The most common site of perforation was the ileo-coecal region, the most frequent causes of perforation were due to intestinal obstruction, necrotising enterocolitis and so-called spontaneous perforations (ischemic perforations). The surgical procedure depended on the site and cause of the perforation, taking the general condition into account. 7 out of the 16 newborns (44%) died due to sepsis and septic complications.
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PMID:[Intestinal perforations in the newborn infant]. 405 60

Between 1971 and 1984 58 neonates were operated on because of bowel obstructing intestinal malformations. The most significant postoperative complications were cardiac insufficiency (7), mechanical bowel obstruction (5), sepsis (4), short bowel syndrome (3), respiratory insufficiency or pneumonia (3), anastomotic leak (2) or stenosis (1), bleeding (2), bowel infarction (1). Overall mortality: 15/58 (26%).
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PMID:[Intestinal abnormalities as a cause of ileus in the newborn infant]. 405 62

One hundred eighty-eight patients undergoing abdominal colectomy with distal mucosal proctectomy and endorectal ileal pouch-anal anastomosis were reviewed to assess long-term functional results and to identify factors that might influence them. There was no postoperative mortality, but 10 patients (5.3%) required permanent ileostomy because of postoperative complications or the development of unsuspected Crohn's disease. Immediate postoperative complications, including pelvic sepsis, small bowel obstruction requiring surgery, anastomotic stricture, and ileostomy dysfunction, were observed in 11%, 9%, 14% and 9% of patients, respectively. No males were impotent but nine (9%) developed retrograde ejaculation. Pouchitis occurred in 8% of patients. Among 157 patients assessed at least 60 days after ileostomy closure (mean +/- SD, 375 +/- 216 days), all evacuated their neorectum spontaneously, and stool frequency was 6.0 +/- 2.6 daily and 1.2 +/- 1.3 nightly. While continence was generally good, 2.5% of patients during waking hours and 4.5% during sleep had occasional frank soilage. Moreover, seepage was noted in 25 and 47% of patients during daytime and nighttime, respectively. Both stool frequency and degree of continence improved with time. Patients less than 50 years of age and those with polyposis coli had fewer stools and better continence than those older than 50 or those with ulcerative colitis. It is concluded that ileal "J" pouch-anal anastomosis can be performed safely and will provide acceptable anorectal function without late deterioration.
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PMID:Ileal "J" pouch-anal anastomosis. Clinical outcome. 407 86

In an effort to avoid the failures of perineal wound healing that are common after proctectomy, 57 patients who had abdominoperineal resection of the rectum or total proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis (35 patients), Crohn's colitis (12), or carcinoma (10) had primary closure of the levator muscles and perineal tissues. No attempt was made to approximate the pelvic peritoneum. The small bowel was allowed to fill the pelvic space, which was also drained by suction catheters brought out through the lower abdominal wall. The skin and subcutaneous tissues were allowed to heal by secondary intention in seven patients who had excessive preoperative perineal sepsis from fistulas, deep fissures, and abscesses. All seven wounds healed within 2 months. Of the other 50 patients, whose wounds were closed to the skin, 48 were discharged with completely healed perineal wounds. Two patients had sterile pelvic hematomas that drained through the perineum and delayed wound healing 1 month and 2 months. There were no postoperative perineal, pelvic, or intraabdominal abscesses. Immediate postoperative ambulation was allowed. There was no increased short-term or long-term incidence of small bowel obstruction related to this procedure, nor did perineal hernia occur after long-term observation (mean: 5.3 years). This method of accomplishing perineal wound healing is simpler, safer, more comfortable, and remarkably effective in eliminating the prolonged morbidity of an unhealed perineal wound. It is superior to any other reported method of managing the perineal wound in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and may be applicable to the treatment of cancer without compromising the chances for cure.
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PMID:Improved management of the perineal wound after proctectomy. 407 88

The incidence of small-intestinal obstruction requiring surgical relief following resection for a single carcinoma of the rectum in 1061 patients is reviewed. Forty-eight patients (4.7%) required surgical relief. There were no postoperative deaths. In 18 patients small-intestinal obstruction occurred within the first six weeks of resection. Each obstruction was related to postoperative complications, especially intraabdominal sepsis. In 30 patients the obstruction developed after this period and was due to bands and/or adhesions. The majority occurred within the first two years. The incidence of intestinal obstruction was similar after both curative and palliative resection. Extensive pelvic dissection did not influence the incidence. The paracolostomy lateral space was not closed in patients treated by abdominoperineal excision. There was no incidence of paracolostomy obstruction.
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PMID:Small-intestinal obstruction following resection for carcinoma of the rectum. 616 60

Palliative substernal gastric bypass was performed in 71 patients with unresectable cancer of the intrathoracic esophagus. Fifty-six patients (78.9%) left the hospital, 53 eating normally and 3 on a soft diet. There were 15 hospital deaths (21%), 8 due to respiratory failure and pulmonary sepsis with tracheoesophageal fistulization. The remaining 7 deaths were due to aspiration and respiratory failure in 2 patients, anastomotic leakage with sepsis in 2, subphrenic abscess and septicemia in 1, mediastinitis in 1, and intestinal obstruction in 1. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 17 patients (23.9%), 5 of whom died. Wound infections developed in 28 patients (39.4%), 3 with mediastinal esophagocutaneous fistulas. Reestablishment of unimpeded swallowing, relief of respiratory aspiration, isolation of cancerous tracheobronchial infiltration, and freedom from incident-prone endoesophageal tubes were achieved in all patients leaving the hospital. Information is presented on 25 patients who were available for follow-up.
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PMID:Retrosternal gastric bypass for inoperable esophageal cancer: a report of 71 patients. 619 65

Canine pancreata obtained at total pancreatectomy were cannulated via the ducts and perfused with collagenase to prepare a tissue suspension that was isografted into the spleen (preparation congruent to 2 h, mean graft vol = 10 +/- 1 ml containing 24% of the B-cell mass/pancreas). In 13 dogs the tissue was implanted by reflux into terminal splenic veins: two died postoperatively, and in two the intrasplenic vein wall was inadvertently punctured during cannulation. In the remaining nine, mean fasting blood glucose (BG) was less than or equal to 150 mg/dl initially; one was killed at 2 wk (distemper) and one at 6 wk (sepsis, diabetes), and one died at 9 wk (intestinal obstruction). Mean BG was 94 +/- 4 mg/dl at 1 mo and remained in this range until the dogs were killed at 5 mo (91 +/- 13 mg/dl). During glucose-tolerance testing 1 wk preimplantation and 1 mo and 2-3 mo postimplant, mean values were: K (decline in glucose concentration, %/min), 3.4 +/- 0.2, 1.4 +/- 0.1, and 1.5 +/- 0.1; peak insulin (microU/ml), 50 +/- 5, 12 +/- 1, and 11 +/- 2; fasting serum glucagon (pg/ml), 33 +/- 3, 59 +/- 12, and 53 +/- 9, with no change in the glucagon response. Histologically, the spleens contained prominent islets. In five other dogs, the tissue was injected into the splenic pulp: mean BG rose to greater than or equal to 250 mg/dl at 2 wk (compared with initial series, P less than 0.001) and remained elevated until death at 6 wk, when histologic examination of the spleens showed severe fibrosis and no islets. Apancreatic controls (N = 4) survived 10 +/- 3 days; BG was 343 +/- 11 mg/dl terminally. We conclude that this modified method for collagenase perfusion of a single large-mammal pancreas via the ducts provides sufficient viable islets to induce prolonged normoglycemia (5 mo) and preserve the response to glucose challenge. Reflux of pancreatic fragments into splenic veins appears more efficient than intrapulp implantation.
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PMID:Normoglycemia after reflux of islet-containing pancreatic fragments into the splenic vascular bed in dogs. 640 80

Twenty-seven patients with invasive bladder carcinoma (clinical stages T2 to T4) who were not candidates for cystectomy were treated by transurethral resection, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin) and full dose radiotherapy according to protocol 8 of the National Bladder Cancer Collaborative Group A. Nausea and vomiting occurred in 74 per cent of the patients but were mild in 41 per cent. Maximum followup was 27 months and during that time 3 significant toxic reactions occurred: renal failure, systemic sepsis and a transient partial small bowel obstruction. Of 17 evaluable patients complete responses of the primary bladder cancer to the treatment were achieved in 11 of 13 with stages cT2 and cT3 cancer and in 2 of 4 with stage cT4 disease. The members of National Bladder Cancer Collaborative Group A have found transurethral resection, cisplatin and full dose external beam radiotherapy practical clinically. Longer followup will be necessary to determine if the observed high initial complete response rate of the tumor indicates real lasting benefit for these patients.
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PMID:Cisplatin and full dose irradiation for patients with invasive bladder carcinoma: a preliminary report of tolerance and local response. 643 10

In the past 10 years, the diagnosis of pseudoobstruction lasting more than two months was confirmed in 10 infants after sepsis, meconium ileus, and Hirschsprung's disease were excluded, and surgery or autopsy failed to demonstrate a site of mechanical intestinal obstruction. Four infants had undergone prior operation for another anomaly: gastroschisis (2) and ileal atresia (2). Five of the remaining infants also had megacystis. The lack of coordinated intestinal motility was best appreciated by radiocontrast small bowel studies, which showed degrees of aperistalsis or segmentation. Rectal manometric studies were not helpful. Histology of the intestine was normal in seven, while a gross deficiency of nerve fibres was noted in one patient and a myopathy of smooth muscle in another. A variety of drugs used to stimulate peristalsis were ineffective. Seven patients had 25 operations, often to exclude mechanical causes of obstruction. The mainstay of treatment was TPN and intestinal decompression. Six children survived; their ages ranged between 8 months and 9 years (median age, 16 months). There has been improvement in intestinal peristalsis in five children, three of whom now tolerate a regular diet and two of whom are on TPN and are currently increasing oral intake. Four infants died, two from sepsis, two from TPN-related hepatic failure. In contrast to previous reports, we conclude that intestinal pseudoobstruction may be self-limited in some neonates, including those with megacystis. Therapy should consist of long-term nutritional support and treatment of other anomalies that may be present.
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PMID:Neonatal intestinal pseudoobstruction. 644 Sep 67

Two complications of herniography are presented: a hematoma of bowel causing intestinal obstruction, and a cellulitis of the abdominal wall causing septicemia. A technical error probably caused the hematoma and gastroenteritis played a role in the cellulitis. We have now narrowed our indications for herniography. We think it should be reserved for more difficult diagnostic problems such as recurrent inguinal hernia, recurrent hydrocele or eventration of the diaphragm.
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PMID:Hematoma of bowel and cellulitis of the abdominal wall complicating herniography. 644 64


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