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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Biweekly 200 mg/kg infusions of immune globulin (Gamimune) were given to a 46-year-old woman with severe common variable immunodeficiency, bronchiectasis, and chronic diarrhea with malabsorption. Failure to achieve therapeutically effective serum IgG concentrations in the face of fulminant sepsis was accompanied by a shortened serum IgG half-life of 10.6 days. Currently recommended doses of 200 mg/kg may prove inadequate in very ill patients with sepsis and malabsorption.
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PMID:Intravenous immune globulin therapy. Treatment of a patient with severe immunodeficiency, chronic malabsorption, and fulminant septicemia. 392 22

Oral candidiasis and bacterial septicemia were diagnosed in 8 foals that had laboratory and/or pathologic evidence of immunodeficiency. Two foals suffered solely from complete failure of passive transfer of colostal immunoglobulins. Six foals had evidence of immune defects but did not meet the criteria for diagnosis of any of the currently recognized primary equine immunodeficiency syndromes. All six of these foals died or were euthanatized due to bacterial infections. One foal with failure of passive transfer recovered and the other died of a mesenteric torsion before the effect of treatment could be evaluated.
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PMID:Immunodeficiency manifested by oral candidiasis and bacterial septicemia in foals. 400 99

Munchausen syndrome by proxy is a rare form of child abuse that can cause great diagnostic difficulties. We treated an 8-year-old boy who had recurrent polymicrobial sepsis over 6 years. An extensive evaluation to determine the infectious focus and to exclude immunodeficiency was carried out before it was determined that his mother had repeatedly introduced material containing faecal or vaginal bacterial flora into his intravenous lines.
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PMID:Recurrent nosocomial polymicrobial sepsis secondary to child abuse. 613 4

The sensitivity of blood culture isolates to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum (NHS) has been studied in 101 patients with gram-negative sepsis. These results were compared with clinical status and outcome, and to the presence of specific IgG or IgM antibodies to O antigens of bacteraemic strains in autologous serum. 23% of the strains were markedly resistant, 27% markedly sensitive and 50% intermediately sensitive to the bactericidal activity of NHS. Shock or death occurred more frequently in immunocompromised patients and those infected with serum-resistant strains. IgG antibody titres to O antigens were significantly lower in patients with serum-resistant organisms regardless of their immune status. Resistance to natural bactericidal antibodies and low immunogenicity of the infecting organism, plus immunodeficiency in the host, may account for apparent increased virulence of some gram-negative bacilli.
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PMID:Serum sensitivity of strains isolated and antibodies against O antigen in gram-negative bacteraemia. 618 63

Several theories have been advanced in an effort to explain immunologic suppression after thermal injury, that is monocyte production of immunoregulatory prostaglandins, activation of suppressor cells, production of suppressive serum factors and alteration in helper cell function. In the current study, cytofluorometric analysis was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from 30 severely burned individuals using a FACS IV cell sorter. Fluorescein labeled monoclonal antibodies were used to phenotype total T cells (OKT3+), helper cells (OKT-4+), suppressor cells (OKT-8+), monocytes (antimono.2+) and B cells (anti-Ia+). After burn injury, the most striking phenotypic alterations observed were a marked decrease in the number and percentage of total OKT3+ T cells and OKT4+ helper cells. No significant increases were observed in the OKT8+ suppressor cell subpopulation. Monocytes exhibited a transitory increase during the first 48 hours postburn which returned to normal by postburn day 7. The percentage of Ia+ cells were either normal or decreased in number during the course of the injury. An OKT-4 to OKT-8 ratio of less than 1.00 at 24 to 48 hours postburn may represent a reliable predictive index for death by sepsis. These data suggest that the syndrome of burn induced immunologic suppression may be better described as a "burn induced immunodeficiency syndrome," that is characterized by decreased numbers or function of Interleukin-2 producing helper cells, or both.
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PMID:Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations after thermal injury in human beings. 623 69

Hypoimmunity after major trauma and thermal injury appears to predispose to septicemia. An increase of immune suppressive T cells and the inhibitory monocytes product PGE2 has been demonstrated postburn and are suggested as contributing to postburn hypoimmunity. TP5, the biologically active part of thymopoientin, has an immunomodulating effect on T cells. Indomethacin, an irreversible blocker of the prostaglandin synthesis has been suggested to reduce the inhibitory monocytes-mediated immunosuppression. In this study strains 2 and 13 guinea pigs received 20-30% TBSA scald burn and were subsequently injected with either TP5 or indomethacin or a combination of both on the 3 following days postburn. The ability of splenocytes to produce a secondary immune response to SRBC was measured in the in vitro AFC assay. The animals who had received TP5 and indomethacin showed significant improvement in their ability to mount an immune response in the AFC assay.
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PMID:The immunomodulating effect of TP5 and indomethacin in burn-induced hypoimmunity. 623 2

A case of Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia is reported. This case is unusual as the infection was apparently acquired within the hospital and septic shock occurred during the course. Immunodeficiency, which is nearly consistent in similar observations and was established in the index case, was apparently caused by protein-calorie deficiency, without any of the usual associations reported in the literature.
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PMID:[Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia occurring in a hospital milieu. A case with septic shock in an immunocompromised patient]. 632 Apr 33

Deficiencies in the immune system that lead to increased morbidity and mortality from infectious complications have been well documented in patients suffering from trauma, malnutrition, sepsis, and thermal injuries. We investigated the potential benefit of immune stimulation for preventing infection in such conditions in an animal model by evaluating three drugs: Corynebacterium parvum, thymopentin (TP-5), and CP-46,665. One-hundred eighty female guinea pigs were rendered immunodeficient by first inflicting a 30% total body surface burn and then placing the animals on diets with calories inadequate to maintain body weight. One half of the animals were then given one of the three immunomodulators on the first, third, and fifth days after burn injury, to try to reverse immunodeficiency. The remaining animals received saline solution injections. Animal responses were evaluated by inserting a clot containing Escherichia coli and Bacillus fragilis into their peritoneal cavity 6 days after burn injury. The animals were followed for 21 days after burn injury. Autopsies on those that died revealed peritonitis and/or pneumonia; autopsies on these that survived showed no pneumonia and there was consistent resolution of peritonitis. TP-5 and CP-46,665, but not C. parvum, significantly improved survival rates and mean survival time in those animals receiving 100 kcal/kg/day. TP-5 and CP-46,665 may be of benefit to the severely stressed, malnourished surgical patient who is at risk of bacterial infection.
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PMID:Immunomodulators in the treatment of peritonitis in burned and malnourished animals. 637 60

The immune system was studied in 30 cases of local infection (pneumonia) and 56 cases of generalized infection (sepsis). Predominantly children with immunologic deficiency of the humoral type (77% of the cases) characterized by unscheduled fatty transformation of the thymus, underdevelopment of B-zones of lymphoid organs, low level of IgM production and the lack of IgG and IgA production were found to die with pneumonia, whereas children with physiological immaturity of the immune system and in smaller numbers (41% of the cases) with deficiency of immunity of the cellular and phagocytic type as confirmed by immaturity of the thymic tissue or its dysplasia with hypoplasia of lymphoid organs died with sepsis. Immunological deficiency of the humoral type is accompanied by suppurative destructive lesions of the respiratory organs, immunodeficiency of the cellular and phagocytic type by necrotic changes in the septic focus and mucous membranes of the organs contacting the environment.
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PMID:[The immune system and its relation with infection process in children]. 660 38

In 1975-1982, autopsies of 201 patients dying with leukemias and other tumors of hemopoietic system revealed infectious complications in 68.6%, among them pneumonias in 46.8%, sepsis in 10.9%, and inflammatory-necrotic processes of the digestive tract in 19.4%. More frequent occurrence of infectious complications in acute leukemias (68-75%) as compared with chronic (61-70%), in lympholeukemias (70-75%) as compared with myeloleukemias (61-68%), and virus infections including generalized forms of herpes in lymphogranulomatosis (30.8%) was noted. The importance of immunodeficiency conditions and granulocytopenia in the development of infectious complications which were the immediate cause of death of 56.7% of those dying with leukemias and other tumors of the hemopoietic system is discussed. The increased role in the etiology of these complications of the opportunistic intestinal microflora frequently present in various associations and in combinations with other microbes and fungi is noted.
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PMID:[Infectious complications of leukemias and other tumors of the hematopoietic system]. 668 27


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