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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 9-year-old girl presented with apparent meningococcal septicemia and developed acute renal failure after 48 hours of treatment with antibiotics and analgesics. Early ultrasound scanning demonstrated mild bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter. Intravenous urography showed slow contrast uptake with delay nephrogram and no contrast entering the bladder. Repeat ultrasonography revealed bilateral papillary irregularity and echogenic debris in the distal ureters. Bilateral double-J stents were inserted cystoscopically, resulting in prompt polyuria and a return of normal renal function. Although rare, recognition of sloughed papilla in papillary necrosis causing ureteral obstruction can lead to early management with no long-term sequelae.
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PMID:Acute renal papillary necrosis with complete bilateral ureteral obstruction in a child. 1738 73

The aim of this paper is to present the main clinical findings and evolution of a fatal case of Berardinelli Syndrome (congenital generalized lipodystrophy). A 15-year-old girl, followed since the age of three months in the Genetic outpatients' clinic, developed insulin resistance when she was eight years old. She had hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, bilateral retinopathy, proteinuria and hydronephrosis. She was hospitalized several times due to urinary infections. In her last admission she had fever, abdominal pain and was diagnosed urinary sepsis. She presented hemodynamic instability and died, despite all therapeutic measures adopted. Considering the rarity of this syndrome it is important to describe the clinical presentation and evolution of this patient with Berardinelli Syndrome, which developed renal dysfunction and had a fatal outcome.
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PMID:Berardinelli syndrome. A case report with fatal outcome. 1871 70

We report a case of acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli induced sepsis and treated successfully. A 56-year-old women admitted for high-fever, dyspnea, and disturbance of consciousness on September 11, 2006, was found in chest computed tomography (CT) on admission to have diffuse infiltration with bilateral pleural effusion. Abdominal CT on admission showed left hydronephrosis complicated with ureteral stones. Because of severe hypoxemia, mechanical ventilation was started from hospital day 1. She went into shock soon after admission. Under mechanical ventilation, she was administered several antibiotics and dopamine. Because sera endotoxins were elevated, she was treated by endotoxin adsorption therapy on hospital day 3. A urethral stent was indwelled in the ureter for drainage after endotoxin adsorption therapy. Because Escherichia coli was isolated from urine and blood cultures, she was diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by E. coli inducing septic shock. After therapy, her condition improved, and she was extubated on hospital day 9. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was conducted on hospital day 19 and she was discharged.
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PMID:[Case of successfully treated acute respiratory distress syndrome complicated by ureteral stones]. 1897 90

No official guidelines exist on managing ureteric colic in small hospitals without urological support. We reviewed the logistics of managing this condition by examining all cases of ureteric colic over two years. Seventy nine of 118 cases had hydronephrosis; a criteria for urology referral. Thirty nine patients passed their stone spontaneously but 40 of these cases could not and required transfer. Twenty two (55%) patients were transferred (mean time to transfer: 3.29 days). The other 18 (45%) were discharged to await a urology outpatients clinic (mean time to discharge: 3.00 days). Patients that passed their stone spontaneously generally had stones under 5mm (mean stay: 2.09 days). We would recommend that patients with stones over 5mm or with hydronephrosis be referred immediately to prevent urological sepsis and or renal impairment.
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PMID:Managing ureteric colic in a smaller hospital without urological support. 1977 2

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of ureteroscopy (URS) in pregnant women. A retrospective analysis was performed on 32 pregnant patients referred to our center between April 2005 and November 2010 with hydronephrosis requiring surgical intervention. A semirigid URS of 9.5 F was used in all patients. The mean age of patients was 27.8 years (range 20-39), and the mean gestation duration was 24 weeks (15-34). The ultrasound findings were diagnostic of obstructive ureteral calculi in 16 (50%) patients and the mean stone diameter was 8 mm. Spinal anaesthesia was performed in 22 (68.8%) patients, while general anaesthesia was performed in 7 (21.8%) patients. Ureteric stones were found in 27 (84.3%) patients during endoscopy, 10 being distal, 9 middle and 8 proximal. There were no stones in five patients. The stones were fragmented with pneumatic lithotripsy in 8 patients and with holmium laser in 17 patients and the fragments were retracted with forceps. Of the 32 patients, 19 (59.4%) required JJ stent insertion peroperatively. There was no serious complication intraoperatively, while urinary tract infection developed in four and renal colic in two patients postoperatively. In one patient, sepsis developed postoperatively, and improved with appropriate treatment. All babies were born normally. Semirigid ureteroscopy for diagnosing and treating ureteral calculi by intracorporeal pneumatic or holmium laser lithotripsy is a safe and reasonable treatment option for pregnant patients.
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PMID:The efficacy and safety of ureteroscopy for ureteral calculi in pregnancy: our experience in 32 patients. 2229 88

We report a case of a 67-year-old man who experienced allograft dysfunction following a renal transplantation from a donation after cardiac death. The postoperative course was initially complicated by episodes of E. coli urinary sepsis causing pyrexia and a raised creatinine level. Ultrasound scanning 5 weeks posttransplant revealed mild hydronephrosis with several parenchymal cystic areas measuring up to 2 cm with appearances suggestive of fungal balls. Aspirated fluid again grew Escherichia coli, and this was treated with the appropriate antimicrobial therapy. The patient continued to have episodes of culture-negative sepsis; therefore, a computed tomography scan was performed 6 months posttransplant, which revealed multiple lesions in the renal cortex as well as liver and spleen. Subsequent biopsy revealed an Epstein-Barr virus-driven lymphoproliferation consistent with a polymorphic posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). This rare case of PTLD presenting as multiple renal, hepatic and splenic lesions emphasizes the need for a high index of clinical suspicion for this condition. Abnormal para-renal allograft masses should be biopsied to allow swift and effective management of a disease that can disseminate and become significantly more challenging to manage.
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PMID:Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder presenting as multiple cystic lesions in a renal transplant recipient. 2270 30

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare entity and constitutes less than 1% of chronic pyelonephritis. A 71-year-old male was introduced to our department with general malaise and abnormal findings of computed tomography (CT). Abnormal findings of complete blood count and laboratory examination included an elevated WBC count and C-reactive protein. Urinalysis showed combined hematuria and pyuria, and Escherichia coli was detected in urine culture. Abdominal CT revealed left hydronephrosis with staghorn renal calculi and thin cortex of the left kidney. Because of poor condition, the patient underwent construction of the left nephrostomy. After that, the remission of the inflammation was achieved. Several months after the construction, frequent obstructions of nephrostomy catheter because of turbid urine and intermittent fever elevation were observed. The patient and his family desired left nephrectomy despite his poor condition in general. Surgical dissection was very difficult due to fixed mass. Not long after that the patient died due to sepsis and cardiovascular failure. Microscopic findings of the left kidney revealed infiltration of lymphocytes and lipid-laden macrophages (xanthoma cells) corresponding to XGP.
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PMID:Case of the diffuse form of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. 2336 80

A fungal mass in the urinary tract (fungus ball), mainly occurring in compromised patients, is a rare and dangerous complication of candiduria. We report 2 cases of fungus ball associated with hydronephrosis and sepsis. As reported in the literature, we treated the first patient by prompt relief of obstruction by nephrostomy and local and systemic antifungal agent. The second patient failed to respond to this treatment due to a distal ureteral stenosis and required open surgery with fungus ball removal and ureteral reimplantation. Despite a large success in urinary tract drainage with antifungal treatments, some cases need a modified approach due to anatomical modification.
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PMID:Fungus ball in the urinary tract: A rare entity. 2455 76

We report a 53 year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension, presenting with progressive abdominal pain lasting three weeks, associated with lower abdominal swelling and fever. Clinical examination showed a large increase in abdominal volume, contraction of extracellular compartment, and signs of severe sepsis. Computed tomography showed an over-distended bladder with severe wall and luminal pneumatosis and bilateral hydronephrosis. The diagnosis was of emphysematous cystitis associated to hydronephrosis. Urine and blood cultures were positive for multi-susceptible Escherichia coli. Clinical evolution was favorable after 6 weeks of ceftriaxone and urinary catheter use. Emphysematous cystitis is a rare clinical entity, with an associated mortality of 7%. Known predisposing factors are older age, female gender and presence of diabetes. Microbiological agents most frequently involved are Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (80% of cases). Medical treatment is preferred and is based on urinary tract decompression with a bladder catheter, and prolonged broad spectrum antimicrobial therapy.
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PMID:[Emphysematous cystitis: report of one case]. 2486 Nov 24

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas. The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is gallstone impacting the distal common bile-pancreatic duct (38%) and alcoholism (36%). There have been a few reports in the literature of acute pancreatitis associated with an obstructed urinary system. This case describes a 38-year-old male with acute pancreatitis occurring in the setting of hydronephrosis. A magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography (MRCP) showed right-sided severe hydronephrosis pushing the duodenum and head of pancreas anteriorly, thus obliterating distal segment of the common bile duct. There were also multiple right renal stones causing ureteral obstruction and hydronephrosis. Right nephrostomy was performed to release bile duct obstruction. However, sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation developed as a complication of acute pancreatitis, and the patient passed away. Although gallstone and alcoholism are the most common causes of acute pancreatitis, other causes should always be considered. Physicians should be aware of right hydronephrosis as one of the possible causes of acute pancreatitis in their workup of patients.
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PMID:Hydronephrosis as an unusual cause of acute pancreatitis. 2597 85


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