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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Yersinia is an enterobacterium that causes acute enterocolitis, pseudoappendicitis and sepsis. Some patients suffer from post-infectious immunopathological complications, such as erythema nodosum and yersinia arthritis, which are well known. Less information exists concerning the erythema multiforme-like yersinia exanthema, which is a distinctive dermatological disorder with target lesions localized predominantly on the neck, shoulders and arms. These lesions, which may be smaller but often are larger than the iris lesions in conventional erythema multiforme, tend to coalesce into plaques and reveal a papulovesicular component at their periphery. In our cases the exanthema was associated with a conjunctivitis, especially of the nasal part of the conjunctiva. This exanthema can be induced by yersinia enterocolitica, serotype O-3 and type O-9, at least in Europe, whereas serotype O-8 prevails in North America. The most helpful diagnostic criteria are serological data. However, it is crucial to remember that Widal's agglutination reaction gives rise to high titres, whereas the results of the complement-fixation test are often not reliable.
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PMID:[Yersinia exanthema]. 323 42

Sixty-one hospitalized infants aged one day to six months were enrolled in an open, multicenter noncomparative clinical study of the efficacy and safety of imipenem/cilastatin. Patients weighing less than 1500 g (four males/ten females, Group 1) and those greater than or equal to 1500 g (31 males/16 females, Group 2) were analyzed separately. Total daily dose (divided into b.i.d. (27) or t.i.d. (34) regimens) ranged from 50 to 101.4 mg/kg given for 10.8 days (means, range 2 to 35 days) for Group 1 and 39.7 to 103 mg/kg given for 11.2 days (means, range 1 to 41 days) for Group 2. The investigators graded the intensity of signs and symptoms of infections as moderate or severe in 86 and 91% of patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively, and bacterial pathogens were isolated pretreatment in 43 and 32% of patients. Eighty-eight percent of all bacterial pathogens were susceptible to imipenem in vitro. The most commonly isolated pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Patients who had confirmed bacterial infections and who did not receive concomitant antibiotics were considered evaluable for efficacy, including 6 (43%) in Group 1 and 15 (32%) in Group 2. Infection sites were (Group 1) respiratory (100%), and (Group 2) skin and skin structures (33%), urinary (11%), gastrointestinal (11%), septicemia alone (11%) and meningitis or respiratory (28% and 6% with sepsis, respectively). Safety analysis included all patients. Imipenem/cilastatin was well tolerated in 93% of Group 1 and 85% of Group 2 patients. Three patients' treatments were discontinued due to rash, oliguria or poor local tolerability. Three patients in Group 1 and four in Group 2 died; deaths were considered unrelated to imipenem/cilastatin. Results are as follows: (table; see text) In summary, 81% (17 of 21) of evaluable patients were clinically cured or improved, among whom 3 of 21 patients (14%) had serious clinical or laboratory adverse experiences which were considered possibly related to imipenem/cilastatin. These results are comparable to results reported with other single or multiple antibiotic regimens.
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PMID:Imipenem/cilastatin therapy for serious infections in neonates and infants. 333 Oct 42

A 52-year-old male developed acute renal failure (ARF) following enterobacteriaceae sepsis. The cause of renal failure was remarkable for prolonged, slow, and incomplete recovery. Recurrence of enterobacteriaceae infection was associated with fever, cutaneous rash, eosinophilia, and elevated IgE level. Renal biopsy and gallium scan studies confirmed the diagnosis of acute interstitial nephritis. The temporal relationship between the first episode of sepsis and the precipitation of ARF and the development of rash, eosinophilia, and elevated IgE level in association with recurrence of infection indicated the role of bacterial antigen in the induction of immune-mediated injury.
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PMID:Acute interstitial nephritis following enterobacteriaceae sepsis. 341 52

Flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S), a new parenteral oxacephem antibiotic was investigated for its clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics. The results obtained are summarized below. 1. Twenty-eight patients were treated with 39-152 mg/kg per day of FMOX by intravenous administration. Diagnosis of patients were pneumonia in 15 patients, acute upper respiratory tract infection in 5, acute enterocolitis in 3, urinary tract infection in 2 and cholangitis, suppurative lymphadenitis and suspicious sepsis in 1 patient each. Clinical effect was excellent in 7 cases, good in 8, fair in 5, poor in 2 and 6 cases were excluded because therapy periods were too short and other antibiotics were used together. Efficacy rate was 68% and the rate of bacterial disappearance was 83%. 2. Rash was found in 5 cases and thrombocytosis was found in 1 out of 28 cases. However, no severe adverse reaction was encountered. 3. The peak serum level of FMOX was 51.0 micrograms/ml after 20 mg/kg of drip infusion for 30 minutes and the half-life was 17.2 minutes in alpha-phase and 58.2 minutes in beta-phase.
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetics evaluation of flomoxef in pediatrics]. 343 Jul 19

Seventy-one patients with severe infections associated with hematologic disorders including leukemia, lymphoma and aplastic anemia were treated with ceftizoxime (CZX) in daily doses of 4-6 g for an average of 20.1 days. Infections associated with hematologic disorders consisted of sepsis and pneumonia, and most of the causative organisms appeared to be Gram-negative bacteria. Of the 64 patients who completed the trial, excellent response was observed in 16 and moderate response in 26. The rate of clinical effectiveness was 65.6%. Side effects observed during the treatment included skin rash in only 1 patient, and hepatic disorders in 6 patients. However, the relationship between CZX and these abnormal findings was not established. These results indicate that CZX is a therapeutically effective and safe antibiotic for the treatment of severe infections associated with hematologic disorders.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime intravenous administration in severe infections associated with hematologic disorders. Niigata Infection Study Group]. 346 Nov 76

Nineteen episodes of infection in 17 children (one had 3 episodes) were treated with imipenem/cilastatin sodium (MK-0787/MK-0791), and the clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated. The ages of patients ranged from 1 month to 8 years 1 month and their body weights ranged from 3.9 to 25.2 kg. The MK-0787/MK-0791 was administered intravenously by a 30-60 minutes infusion, in doses ranging from 8-42 mg/8-42 mg/kg every 6 to 12 hours for 3 to 40.5 days. Among 18 episodes in 16 patients (one patient proved to have rubella meningoencephalitis and was excluded from evaluation of the clinical efficacy) with bacterial infections including sepsis, pneumonia, acute suppurative thyroiditis and urinary tract infections, the results were excellent in 10, good in 5, fair in 2, and poor in 1 episode. Some side effects were noted; among all 19 episodes in the 17 patients diarrhea was noted in 3, rash in 1, slightly elevated serum transaminases in 1 and thrombocytosis in 1 episode. Pharmacokinetic studies were done in 7 patients whose ages ranged from 3 years 2 months to 13 years 1 month. Plasma concentrations of MK-0787 in 2 children were 19.6 and 20.0 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes and 5.6 and 2.1 micrograms/ml at 2 hours after a 10 mg/10 mg/kg intravenous 30-minute drip infusion of MK-0787/MK-0791. Plasma half-lives of MK-0787 were 1.52 and 0.74 hour, and total urinary recoveries were 54.6 and 71.4% during 0-6 hours. After a 20 mg/20 mg/kg intravenous 30-minute drip infusion into 2 other children, plasma concentrations of MK-0787 were 46.8 and 44.0 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes and 7.8 and 7.4 micrograms/ml at 2 hours. Plasma half-lives were 0.82 and 0.83 hour, and total urinary recoveries were 110.2 and 80.5% during 0-6 hours. Plasma concentrations of MK-0787 were less than 0.2, 0.2 and 1.2 micrograms/ml just before the next doses in 3 patients given 11-20 mg/11-20 mg/kg of MK-0787/MK-0791 every 6-8 hours. The time course of the plasma levels and urinary excretion in these patients were similar to those noted in the previous 4 patients following a single dose. Plasma concentrations of MK-0787 in a girl were 0.3 micrograms/ml just before the next dose and 8.2 micrograms/ml at 2 hours after multiple doses of 14 mg/14 mg/kg every 6 hours for 3 days and then 28 mg/28 mg/kg every 6 hours for 35 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in children]. 346 72

Eighty-one febrile episodes in cancer patients with adequate neutrophil counts (greater than 1000/microliter) were treated with a double beta-lactam combination of ceftizoxime plus ticarcillin. Fifty-four episodes were microbiologically documented and 27 were clinically documented. The overall response rate was 75% (61 of 81). The response rate in 38 episodes where a single organism was identified was 71%. Polymicrobial infections were associated with a high response rate of 87%. Responses occurred in six of eight Gram-positive and 21 of 30 Gram-negative infections. Pneumonia was the most frequent infection and was associated with a response of 61%. Septicaemia and urinary tract infections also occurred commonly and had response rates of 76% and 89% respectively. All but one organism were susceptible to at least one of the antibiotics. No resistant organisms emerged during therapy. Side-effects included rash (1), phlebitis (3), and coagulation abnormalities without bleeding (3). Four patients developed superinfections (three bacterial, one fungal). The double beta-lactam combination of ceftizoxime plus ticarcillin was safe and effective therapy for infections in non-neutropenic cancer patients.
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PMID:Ceftizoxime plus ticarcillin: double beta-lactam therapy for infections in cancer patients. 347 52

Our series of 195 patients, plus 134 reported on in the literature and 949 reviewed by various physicians provide 1,278 patients for review of bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy complications. Cystitis occurred in 91 per cent of the patients. Complications identified included fever more than 103F in 50 patients (3.9 per cent), granulomatous prostatitis in 17 (1.3 per cent), bacillus Calmette-Guerin pneumonitis or hepatitis in 12 (0.9 per cent), arthritis or arthralgia in 6 (0.5 per cent), hematuria requiring catheterization or transfusion in 6 (0.5 per cent), skin rash in 5 (0.4 per cent), skin abscess in 5 (0.4 per cent), ureteral obstruction in 4 (0.3 per cent), epididymo-orchitis in 2 (0.2 per cent), bladder contracture in 2 (0.2 per cent), hypotension in 1 (0.1 per cent) and cytopenia in 1 (0.1 per cent). Most of the severe irritative side effects and subsequent systemic complications can be prevented with prophylactic isoniazid given for 3 days, beginning the morning of treatment. Patients with life-threatening systemic bacillus Calmette-Guerin infection or anaphylaxis should receive 500 mg. cycloserine twice daily for 3 days in addition to combination antituberculous therapy because the rapid action of this drug may be life-saving. Direct intralesional bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy can produce sepsis and death, and should be avoided but intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin generally is well tolerated and has produced no complication in more than 95 per cent of the patients treated.
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PMID:Complications of bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy in 1,278 patients with bladder cancer. 351 Dec 86

Ceftazidime (CAZ) was evaluated for its pharmacokinetics and clinical usefulness in neonates and premature infants. The results obtained were summarized below. Following intravenous injection of CAZ 10 or 20 mg/kg to neonates and premature infants, dose response was observed in serum concentrations ranging from 5.1 to 21.9 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after the injection. The serum half-life tended to be longer in premature infants than in neonates; the half-life being longer for an infant with lower day-age. Urinary recovery rates during the first 6 hours after single administrations of 10 mg/kg of CAZ tended to be higher in neonates than in premature infants, and higher rates were observed in older infants. However, no noticeable difference was observed after the administration of CAZ 20 mg/kg. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 99 neonates and 55 premature infants (156 infections), daily doses ranging from 21.1 to 246.4 mg/kg. Out of 105 cases of common infections, mainly 44 cases with causative organisms identified (including 17 of sepsis, 7 of pneumonia, 4 of purulent meningitis, 11 of urinary tract infections) were examined for the clinical efficacy. The efficacy of CAZ was excellent in 21, good in 18, fair in 1 and poor in 4, with the efficacy rate of 88.6%. In the remaining 61 cases, i.e., 37 with causative organisms unknown and 24 with signs of intrauterine infections, the efficacy rate was 95.1%. Other than these cases, additional 51 cases were given CAZ solely for prophylaxis of infections, and the results were found satisfactory. On the whole, clinical efficacy rate of CAZ was 94.9% in 156 cases. Out of the 44 cases examined for bacteriological responses, 38 were evaluated as 'eradicated', 3 'persisted' and 3 'unknown' with eradication rate of 92.7%. Replacement of organisms (superinfection) was observed in 3 cases. Out of 179 cases in which adverse effects were assessable, adverse effects were observed in a total of 4 cases (2.2%), i.e., 3 cases of diarrhea (1.7%) and 1 case of rash (0.6%), and abnormal laboratory findings were observed in a total of 14 cases (7.8%), i.e., increase in eosinophiles count in 8 (4.5%), elevation of GOT in 3 (1.7%), increase in platelet, elevation of GOT . GPT, and elevation of GOT . GPT . BUN in 1 case each (0.6%). None of them were severe and they were transient. Elevations of bilirubin and cases of positive PIVKA II associated with CAZ were not observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[A pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of ceftazidime in neonates and premature infants. A study of ceftazidime in the perinatal co-research group]. 354 Mar 39

We treated 52 patients with orally administered ciprofloxacin. In this study of 34 men and 18 women who completed therapy and who could be evaluated, there were 29 patients with nonhematogenous osteomyelitis, 20 patients with skin or soft-tissue infections, and 3 patients with joint infections. During the study, 92 isolates of pathogenic facultative aerobic bacteria, including 37 members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, 30 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, and 21 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, were recovered, and 88 (96%) of the isolates were found to be susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Of the 29 patients with osteomyelitis, 14 have not experienced relapse after a follow-up of at least 1 year. Overall, 61% of infections were resolved, as judged by both clinical and microbiological criteria, during therapy. One patient developed Streptococcus salivarius sepsis during ciprofloxacin therapy, and one patient developed a rash which required discontinuation of ciprofloxacin. Otherwise, there were no serious reactions or complications.
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PMID:Treatment of bone, joint, and soft-tissue infections with oral ciprofloxacin. 356 45


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