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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

MRSA strains were first isolated in 1981 and have increased markedly from 1985 in our surgical ward. One hundred and ninety four strains of MRSA were isolated and 81 cases developed critical infections which were associated with enterocolitis, pneumonia and sepsis. There were many cases in esophageal cancer patients. Bacteriological features of the MRSA strains clearly changed in 1985 from IV to II coagulase type, accompanied with high resistance for antibiotics. Our management against nosocomial infection for MRSA started from April 1988. The number of MRSA cases decreased in 1989, increased in 1990 and decreased again in 1991. We are confident that our management is effective and we will take further efforts to choose the most adequate antibiotics after surgery in our surgical ward.
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PMID:[Postoperative MRSA infections in digestive tract surgery]. 150 33

A comparative study of bowel colonisation and incidence of necrotising enterocolitis in neonates admitted to an intensive care unit is reported. Neonates of less than 33 weeks gestational age requiring mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome were randomised during the first week of life to receive either vancomycin and aztreonam or vancomycin and gentamicin for episodes of suspected sepsis after the first week of life. A higher proportion of neonates who received vancomycin and gentamicin had faecal colonisation with enterobacteriaceae at the end of the second, third, and fourth weeks of life. Treatment with vancomycin and aztreonam was associated with a rapid quantitative reduction in faecal colonisation with enterobacteriaceae, whereas there was no quantitative reduction in colonisation with enterobacteriaceae associated with treatment with vancomycin and gentamicin. There were no differences between the two groups in faecal colonisation with anaerobes, Enterococcus sp, Staphylococcus sp, or yeasts. Six (14.6%) of 41 who received vancomycin and gentamicin compared with 0 of 40 who received vancomycin and aztreonam subsequently developed necrotising enterocolitis.
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PMID:Enterobacteriaceae and neonatal necrotising enterocolitis. 153 88

The records of 56 patients at an urban hospital who had positive blood cultures for clostridia were reviewed. Each patient was classified as immunologically normal or immunosuppressed. Data were collected on clinical history, type of clostridial bacteremia, physical and laboratory determinants of infection, therapeutic intervention, clinical course and outcome. Of the 56 patients, 22 were determined to be immunosuppressed. Among all 56 patients, 28 had a malignancy, usually gastrointestinal or hematologic in origin. Fever, leukocytosis and abdominal pain were common in both groups. Clostridial bacteremia almost always heralded clostridial septicemia. A gastrointestinal source of infection, particularly carcinoma of the colon or rectum or enterocolitis, was evident or presumed in 43 of the 56 patients. Clostridium perfringens was the most frequently isolated microorganism, but C. septicum was associated with more complications and a higher mortality rate. Septic complications and mortality were higher among the patients with immunosuppression.
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PMID:Clostridial septicemia in an urban hospital. 155 7

Seventeen children underwent marrow-ablative high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell autografts and were studied retrospectively to determine the type, frequency, and outcomes associated with infectious complications 3 months postgraft. The patients were kept in isolated rooms with a laminar air flow facility, but no decontamination procedures, such as gut sterilization with nonabsorbable antibiotics, nonmicrobial diet, and skin cleansing, were used. They were under their mothers' daily care to maintain good psychological conditions. After the completion of marrow-ablative chemotherapy and the infusion of stem cells, the absolute granulocyte count exceeded 0.5 x 10(9)/liter with a mean of 17.9 days (range 6-65 days). Fifteen patients developed a total of 16 febrile episodes during the first 4 week period, and the confirmed diagnoses were mucositis (12), enterocolitis (nine), septicemia (four), central venous catheter-associated infection (three), pneumonia (one), perianal abscess (one), and possible invasive fungal infection (one). All episodes were successfully treated with parenteral antibiotic therapy, and no patient died of infectious complications. The observations suggest that high-dose chemotherapy can be performed safely with simple and efficient patient management protocol followed by peripheral blood stem cell autografts.
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PMID:Early infectious complications after peripheral blood stem cell autografts in children. 170 24

We present a 28-year-old-patient with a severe head injury: skull fractures, epidural hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, Glasgow coma score 7, and aspiration following a motorbike accident. A systemic infection with symptoms of shock and Staphylococcus aureus in blood culture specimens developed a few days after admission (later Staphylococcus epidermidis was also cultured). A posttraumatic hydrocephalus was treated by a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt inserted at mini-laparotomy. In multiple microbiological and cytological tests the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was always sterile. Enterocolitis occurred with Clostridium difficile and Staphylococcus aureus in stool cultures. After 6 months' intractable sepsis the patient died with multiple-system failure. Autopsy revealed secondary displacement of the shunt catheter into the intestinal lumen. A possible ascending infection was found in the form of a cerebral ventricular empyema. However, prior to death there was no specific clinical sign of peritonitis or encephalitis or a positive microbiological or cytological CSF findings. Despite insertion of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt under visual control, this case shows that secondary displacement of the peritoneal extremity into the bowel can occur, which may cause a cerebral and eventually a systemic infection. CSF examinations may fail to show contamination; specific clinical signs may be absent or, with multiple-system failure, misleading. An autopsy is generally to be recommended as it contributes to a better understanding of the clinical problems in most cases.
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PMID:[Secondary penetration of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt into the intestines. Possible cause of a recurring sepsis?]. 188 61

The object of this investigation was to review the neonatal mortality among infants with very low birthweights (less than or equal to 1,500 gram) in the County of North Jutland and to determine the distribution of the main causes of death. It is important to note that, in a review of this type, the material was unselected. The period involved was 1988-1989. During this period, 86 infants with very low birthweights were born and 63 of these survived for longer than 28 days, corresponding to a neonatal survival of 73%. The survival increased from 11% in infants weighing 500-700 gram at birth to 93% for infants with birthweights between 1,250-1,500 gram from 0% with gestational ages of 24-25 weeks to 98% with gestational ages greater than or equal to 30 weeks. No significant differences in survival were observed as regards sex, place of delivery, method of delivery and singleton/twin delivery but survival was markedly dependent on whether the infants had asphyxia on delivery. The commonest causes of death were the respiratory distress syndrome, periventricular haemorrhage and asphyxia, followed by sepsis, enterocolitis necrotans and immaturity. The incidence of immediate sequelae in the form of chronic pulmonary disease and the retinopathy of prematurity were low.
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PMID:[Neonatal mortality in infants with very low birth weights in the county of North Jutland. Retrospective study]. 195 90

A retrospective clinical study was performed to determine the clinical impact of neutropenic enterocolitis (NE) in adult patients with acute leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C)-containing regimens. The diagnosis of NE was restricted to conditions with clinical signs of peritonitis, ileus, or intestinal hemorrhage. Forty episodes of NE were noted during 461 Ara-C-containing courses (8.6%) in 36 of 211 patients (17%) over a 6-year period. Clinically, 18 cases of ileus, 16 cases of peritonitis, and 6 cases of intestinal hemorrhage were recognized as the most important presentation of NE. NE started about 2 weeks after the initiation of the chemotherapy and lasted for an average of 1 week. All patients had a profound neutropenia. The incidence of septicemia was higher during courses complicated by NE (p less than 0.001). All cases of NE were treated with conservative measures. The mortality was 22.5% and represented one third of all therapy-related deaths during the pancytopenic period. The incidence of NE was significantly higher in courses consisting of high-dose Ara-C for 6 consecutive days when the drug was combined with amsacrine for 3 consecutive days (p less than 0.0001).
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PMID:Neutropenic enterocolitis following treatment with cytosine arabinoside-containing regimens for hematological malignancies: a potentiating role for amsacrine. 203 75

The clinical experience obtained while treating 43 dehydrated newborns due to diarrhea with oral rehydration solution (ORS) using the formula recommended by the World Health Organization is reported. Of the 43 patients, 26 were severely dehydrated (greater than equal to 10% of weight recovery once rehydrated). The averaged time need to correct the dehydration was 4.7 +/- 2.7 hours, with a average intake of ORS of 26.5 +/- 7.5 mL/kg/hour. Children who were being breastfed continued so during the rehydration period. Two of the patients were hospitalized for intravenous treatment, one was due to persistent vomiting during rehydration and probably due to sepsis, and the other due to necrosing enterocolitis. The oral rehydration therapy was successful in 95% of the newborns included in the study, which proved the method to be safe and adequate for the correction of dehydration due to diarrhea among these patients. Similar experiences are reported in Mexico as well as from other countries, which also suggest the use of this therapeutic procedure in children of this age.
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PMID:[Oral rehydration in newborns with dehydration caused by diarrhea]. 225 93

Campylobacter infections occurring during pregnancy have been associated with spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, prematurity and neonatal sepsis, all ten Campylobacter jejuni infections diagnosed in the approximately 24,000 pregnant women attending a 520-bed hospital between January 1984 and December 1988 were reviewed. Nine women delivered healthy babies at term. In one case, Campylobacter infection at 28 weeks of gestation was associated with premature labour and delivery with subsequent neonatal sepsis and death. One other infant developed Campylobacter jejuni enterocolitis at 3 days of age. Although maternal Campylobacter jejuni infection tends to be mild and self-limited, there may be more serious complications for the fetus or neonate, especially if infection occurs before the third trimester of pregnancy.
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PMID:Campylobacter jejuni infection occurring during pregnancy. 231 19

Seventy-eight cardiac transplantations were performed between July 1982 and March 1989. The perioperative death rate was 10%. Overall survival was 86%. Among the long-term survivors, 14 patients underwent 16 noncardiac surgical procedures. Seven of them required emergency laparotomy, four for biliary tract disease, one for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, one for suspected abdominal sepsis and one for enterocolitis. Elective surgical interventions included repair of symptomatic abdominal wall hernia, treatment of hemorrhoids or perianal condylomas, total hip arthroplasty, maxillary sinus drainage and resection of a duodenal villous adenoma. Preoperatively, all patients received cyclosporine orally. Ten of the 14 patients were on triple-drug immunosuppression (cyclosporine, azathioprine and low-dose prednisone [less than 0.20 mg/kg daily]). The remaining four patients took cyclosporine with either azathioprine or prednisone. There were no deaths. Complications were limited to residual choledocholithiasis treated by percutaneous removal, two cases of wound infection and an incisional hernia. The authors' experience indicates that noncardiac surgical procedures may be safely performed in patients who have received a heart transplant.
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PMID:General surgical procedures after heart transplantation. 235 Jul 41


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