Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Maternal mortality is a portrait not only related to maternal health and to the characteristic of the medical services, but also to the social, cultural and political conditions of a given society. It occurs 120 billons pregnancy every year and almost 600.000 women die because of causes related to pregnancy, delivery or puerperal diseases, 95% of those deaths occur in underdeveloped countries. In Swiss, Finland, Canada and Holland, 4 deaths are registered, while in Somalia and Nigeria 1000 death are reported for each 100.000 alive new baby (NV), Meanwhile, in Latin America and the Caribe, 190 death are reported, almost 23.000 women death every year, which clearly shows a great difference between countries. These differences also occur within a given country, as in Argentina, where the prevalence is 44 for each 100.000 NV, Buenos Aires has 9 while Formosa as 177. We pointed out that nonqualified medical services is a very important fact on the above mentioned maternal death, because of the lack of attention of the sepsis, the hemorrahages, the prolonged delivery work and the eclampsia. But abortion is the most important cause of maternal death. We mentioned the social, educational and sanitary facts of illegal abortion. In developed countries pre eclampsia is the main factor. It is mentioned the strategies of the International Conference "Maternity without Risk" carried out in Nairobi in 1987 and the Task Force Inter Regional Agency for the Reduction of Maternal Mortality. 2004 as a good recommendation to be taken into account in order to diminish maternal mortality. We propose to highlight the use of the Maternal Mortality Committee and the application of the Epidemiological Survey System, in order to diminish maternal mortality and some particular ones for the prevalent pathologies and it is concluded that maternal mortality could diminish not only with better sanitary conditions, but also with equal social conditions, specially in underdeveloped, countries where this situation is a real problem.
 ...
PMID:[Maternal mortality. A necessary revision for its acknowledgement, its medical and social causes and a proposal of actions to be undertaken for its reduction]. 1628 19

Troponins T and I are highly sensitive markers of myocardial injury. However, non-cardiac disorders, such as pulmonary embolism, renal failure, subarachnoid haemorrhage, sepsis, eclampsia, chemotherapy, and inflammatory muscle conditions (dermatomyositis and polymyositis), can also result in raised serum troponin concentrations. This article describes two cases that occurred within a month of each other in Craigavon Area Hospital, whereby conditions unrelated to myocardial ischaemia resulted in raised concentrations of cardiac markers. The first patient, in retrospect, underwent unnecessary investigation as an inpatient in the cardiac ward. Experience gained from this case led to more appropriate consultation and management of the second patient.
 ...
PMID:Two cases of inflammatory muscle disease presenting with raised serum concentrations of troponin T. 1631 56

Maternal mortality ratio in Nigeria is one of the highest in the world. This paper reports a facility based study in north-central Nigeria to determine the magnitude, trends, causes and characteristics of maternal deaths before and after the launch of the Safe Motherhood Initiative in Nigeria, with a view to suggesting strategic interventions to reduce these deaths. The records of all deliveries and case files of all women who died during pregnancy and childbirth between January 1, 1985 and December 31, 2001, in the maternity unit of Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria, were reviewed. Data collected were analysed for socio-biological variables including age, booking status, educational level, parity, ethnic group, marital status, mode of delivery, duration of hospital stay before death occurred, cause (s) of maternal deaths. There were 38,768 deliveries and 267 maternal deaths during the period under review, giving a maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of 740/ 100,000 total deliveries. The trend fluctuated between 450 in 1990 and 1,010/100.000 deliveries in 1994. The mean age of maternal death was 26.4 (SD 8.1) years. The greatest risk of MMR was among young teenagers (> 15 years) and older women (< 40 years). Parity-specific maternal mortality ratio was highest in the grand multiparous women. Unbooked as well as illiterate women were associated with very high maternal mortality ratio. The Hausa - Fulani ethnic group contributed the largest number (44%) by tribe to maternal mortality in our study. The major direct causes of deaths were haemorrhage (34.6%), sepsis (28.3%), eclampsia (23.6%) and unsafe abortion (9.6%). The most common indirect causes of death were hepatitis (18.6%), anaesthetic death (14.6%), anaemia in pregnancy (14.6%), meningitis (12.0%), HIV/AIDS (10.6%) and acute renal failure (8.0%). Seventy-nine percent of the maternal deaths occurred within 24 hours of admission. Most of the deaths were preventable. A regional-specific programme should be planned to reduce the deplorably high maternal mortality in north-central Nigeria.
 ...
PMID:Factors contributing to maternal mortality in north-central Nigeria: a seventeen-year review. 1662 87

One of the goals of the Millennium project of the United Nations is to reduce maternal and infant mortality. This includes adequate care for mothers and newborns during childbirth. Most maternal deaths occur during the post-partum period. Postpartum haemorrhage, eclampsia and sepsis are the main causes of maternal death. Preventive measures include active management of the third stage of labour, use of magnesium sulphate in pre-eclampsia, and implementing hygienic birth practices and the use of antibiotics, respectively. Major causes of neonatal mortality are pre- and dysmaturity, infections, congenital abnormalities and birth trauma, including asphyxia. The kangaroo-method can reduce morbidity in premature infants. The use of hygienic practices and antibiotics decreases the number of newborn deaths due to infection. Antiretroviral therapy is effective in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. In many resource poor countries formula feeding is not feasible and the WHO advises exclusive breastfeeding for HIV positive women in these settings. A formula of 6 hours, 6 days, 6 weeks and 6 months after birth is recommended by the WHO to check the condition of mother and baby. This should be integrated in mother and child health clinics and also includes child vaccinations and counselling the mother on family planning and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.
 ...
PMID:[The Millennium project of the United Nations, focusing on adequate postpartum care to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality world-wide]. 1675 29

Cross-sectional study was performed in all maternity units of Tbilisi, Georgia, with delivering 18,554 women between 1 January 2004 and 1 January 2005. There were 267 cases of severe obstetric morbidity giving a prevalence of 14,2 per 1000 deliveries (95% CI 12,6-16,0). During the study there were 3 maternal deaths. Disease specific morbidities per 1000 deliveries were: severe pre - eclampsia - 5,0 (95% CI 4,1-6,2); hysterectomy during 24 hours after delivery - 4,5 (95% CI 3,6-5,6); hemorrhage - 2,3 (95% CI 1,7-3,1), sepsis 1,3 (95% CI 0,9-2,0); eclampsia - 0,74 (95% CI 0,44-1,25); uterine rupture - 0,16 (95% CI 0,05-0,47); HELLP-syndrome - 0,11 (95% CI 0,03-0,39). Severe obstetric morbidity and its relation to mortality may be more sensitive measures of pregnancy outcome than mortality alone and allows for an effective audit system of maternal care.
 ...
PMID:[Prevalence of severe maternal morbidity in Tbilisi]. 1690 5

Thrombotic microangiopathic hemolytic anemias include thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and pregnancy associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Eight adult patients (four males and four females) with TMA who were treated between 2003 and 2004 at the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires were reviewed. The average age was 40. Clinical diagnosis of TMA was made on admission in four patients. During their stay in hospital, 4 patients developed HUS characteristics, three as TTP and one presented pregnancy associated TMA. All of them revealed thrombocytopenia and microangiophatic hemolytic anemia. Renal impairment was the third most frequent characteristic at presentation. The patients with TTP revealed the most severe condition. All patients received daily plasma exchange. Immunosuppressants were also used. Four patients recovered completely, 2 passed away, one remains with renal impairment and requires hemodialysis, and a colectomy was performed on one of them. The TMA syndromes are occlusive disorders associated to platelet microvascular thrombi. Systemic and renal circulations are primarily affected. TTP/HUS might represent an overlapping spectrum of idiopathic or secondary disease. Prompt recognition and treatment are vital, because high mortality occurs due to these disorders. Among the differential diagnosis of TMA we can refer to sepsis, neoplasms, systemic vasculitis, eclampsia and others. The mainstay treatments are daily plasma exchange and infusion with fresh frozen plasma. Improving the management of these diseases is required considering their high morbidity and mortality.
 ...
PMID:[Thrombotic microangiopathy in adults]. 1697 62

We investigated the location of maternal deaths in the Souro Sanou University Hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. In all, the deaths of 585 women of reproductive age (12-49 years) were reviewed, and 132 (22.6%) were found to be maternal. Of these132, 43 (33.6%) occurred outside of the maternity unit. Some direct causes of death (eclampsia and sepsis) and indirect causes of death (cardiac illness and HIV/AIDS) would be omitted if only cases occurring on the maternity ward are investigated. Alarmingly, 93 (70%) of the 132 maternal deaths would have been missed in this hospital if we had used a narrow search process (excluding non-maternity wards) and narrow definition (excluding indirect causes). In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate the potential for seriously underestimating the magnitude of maternal mortality within facilities and for neglecting pregnant or recently pregnant women dying in non-maternity wards and from indirect complications.
 ...
PMID:Missing maternal deaths: lessons from Souro Sanou University Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. 1754 91

There has been an increase in the number of pregnancies among renal transplant recipients. Our experience included 61 pregnancies in 53 patients from January 1997 to April 2007, with 6 patients having multiple pregnancies. Patients were studied for clinical, obstetrical, and perinatal outcomes. The mean patient age was 24.5 years (range, 19-38). They all received living donor kidneys. The mean transplantation-pregnancy interval was 2.7 years (range, 1.7-5.3 years). Immunosuppressive drugs consisted of cyclosporine (CsA), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and prednisolone (pred) in 38 patients (72%); CsA, azathioprine (AZA), plus pred were used in 15 patients (28%). Pregnancy complications were chronic hypertension in 21 patients (40%), anemia in 28 (52.6%), and urinary tract infection in 18 (34%). Twelve patients (22.6%) received blood transfusions. Pre-eclampsia was diagnosed in 14 cases (26.4%) and renal dysfunction in 11 (20.7%) with pre-eclampsia assumed to be the main cause. Three patients (5.6%) had graft losses as a result of hemorrhagic shock, sepsis, and eclampsia. Premature rupture of membranes occurred in 6 cases (11.3%), and preterm delivery occurred in 14 cases (26.4%). Eleven (20.7%) newborns were small for gestational age. One club foot and one large facial hemangioma occurred in 2 infants, respectively. One case of neonatal death was registered as a result of excessive prematurity. One mother died due to sepsis. Cesarean section was performed in 24 patients (45.2%), the main indications being related to hypertension and fetal distress. There were no significant differences between MMF-treated and AZA-treated patients with respect to clinical, obstetrical, and perinatal outcomes. This group of patients was characterized by a wide range of antenatal and perinatal problems that must be managed in specialized tertiary units to achieve the best results. MMF may be as safe as AZA in pregnancy.
 ...
PMID:Pregnancy after renal transplantation: ten-year single-center experience. 1826

Approximately 529,000 women die from pregnancy-related causes annually and almost all (99%) of these maternal deaths occur in developing nations. One of the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals is to reduce the maternal mortality rate by 75% by 2015. Causes of maternal mortality include postpartum hemorrhage, eclampsia, obstructed labor, and sepsis. Many developing nations lack adequate health care and family planning, and pregnant women have minimal access to skilled labor and emergency care. Basic emergency obstetric interventions, such as antibiotics, oxytocics, anticonvulsants, manual removal of placenta, and instrumented vaginal delivery, are vital to improve the chance of survival.
 ...
PMID:An introduction to maternal mortality. 1876 68

Severe maternal morbidity also known as 'near miss' may be a good indicator of the quality and effectiveness of obstetric care, as it may identify priorities in maternal care more rapidly than mortality alone. The objective of the study was to observe the pattern of severe maternal morbidity and its associated factors in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi. All patients admitted to the obstetrics and gynaecology department who fulfilled the definition of severe maternal morbidity conditions were included. A proforma was used to record sociodemographic, obstetric, antenatal care treatment and outcome details. A total of 63 women were included for analysis. The incidence of severe maternal morbidity was 3.3/100 deliveries. The mean age of the patients was 26.3 +/- 5 years. More than half (55.5%) were uneducated: almost one-third (32%) were from outside Delhi - the median distance travelled was 10 km. The majority were antenatal admissions (68.3%). The proportion of postdelivery or abortion cases were greater among women who came from outside Delhi. Only 38.1% were registered during the antenatal period. The diagnoses were: eclampsia/pre-eclampsia (35%); haemorrhage (35%); sepsis (13%); obstructed labour (9.5%) and other medical conditions (11%). Severe anaemia was observed in 22% of cases. Only 43.5% were normal vaginal deliveries and 54.5% were delivered by caesarean section or with the use of instruments; 61.3% were live births. Hysterectomy was performed in 14.8%: the proportion of hysterectomy was higher in obstructed labour. Severe maternal morbidity cases constitute a significant burden on health resources.
 ...
PMID:Pattern of severe maternal morbidity in a tertiary hospital of Delhi, India: a pilot study. 1882 Jan 81


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>