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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

BACKGROUND In the modern antibiotic era, Streptococcus agalactiae infection of the endocardium and pericardial space is a rare occurrence. However, once the disease spreads it can lead to life-threatening illness despite advances in diagnostic and treatment modalities, partly because the symptoms and signs associated with pericarditis are frequently missing, and due to the rarity of the disease, diagnosis is often overlooked. We report an extremely rare case of purulent pericarditis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae. CASE REPORT A 65-year-old diabetic woman presented with generalized weakness, high-grade fever, and altered mental status. There were no signs or symptoms suggestive of cardiac tamponade on presentation. A computerized tomography (CT) scan of the chest showed a small pericardial effusion. She was managed for diabetic ketoacidosis and sepsis. An electrocardiogram was significant for new-onset atrial fibrillation. Her clinical status deteriorated rapidly as she developed acute hypoxic respiratory failure and shock. A bedside echocardiogram showed large pericardial effusion around the right ventricle and right ventricular diastolic collapse. She developed cardiac arrest, and during resuscitation bedside pericardiocentesis was done with drainage of 15 cc of serosanguineous fluid. However, the patient could not be revived. Subsequently, blood cultures grew Streptococcus agalactiae a day after she died. On autopsy, she was found to have findings of infective endocarditis and purulent pericarditis. CONCLUSIONS A high index of clinical suspicion is crucial when acute pericarditis is suspected, for early diagnosis and for timely initiation of appropriate therapy with antibiotics and aggressive pericardial drainage to prevent fatal outcome.
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PMID:Purulent Pericarditis: An Uncommon Presentation of a Common Organism. 2838 19

This article describes 2 patients who presented to our institution with left atrial esophageal fistula after atrial fibrillation ablation; it also compares our experience with other atrial esophageal fistula cases reported in the literature. We performed a retrospective review of 2 patients who presented to our hospital between July 2015 and September 2015 with atrial esophageal fistula. Patient A, a 57-year-old man, presented 31 days postablation with a fever and right-sided weakness. A chest computed tomography showed gas in the left atrium and esophagus; an echocardiogram confirmed the diagnosis of atrial esophageal fistula. The patient subsequently underwent a left thoracotomy. Postoperative recovery was poor and included significant coagulopathy, sepsis, cardiogenic shock, and multisystem organ failure. The patient died on postoperative day 28. Patient B, a 77-year-old man, presented 21 days post-atrial fibrillation ablation with left-arm weakness and altered mental status. An esophagram was performed and showed no evidence of an esophageal perforation. Because of positive cultures and worsening altered mental status, the patient underwent a head computed tomography, which showed pneumocephalus, leading to our suspicion of the atrial esophageal fistula. A follow-up chest computed tomography confirmed the atrial esophageal fistula. Treatment included an esophagectomy and repair of the atrium. Unfortunately, the atrial esophageal fistula closure dehisced, and the patient developed acute respiratory failure and cardiac tamponade, which led to cardiopulmonary arrest, and the patient died on postoperative day 10. Based on our experience, and the literature, we recommend that a chest computed tomography be immediately performed on patients presenting with the described symptoms after a recent atrial fibrillation ablation.
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PMID:Atrial Esophageal Fistula Secondary to Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: A Case Series and Review of the Literature. 2875 41

Purulent pericarditis is a rare infectious disease with significant mortality, even in the modern antibiotic era. The presenting signs can often be subtle and patients can deteriorate rapidly with cardiac tamponade. We report a previously healthy 16-month-old female who developed purulent pericarditis associated with paronychia and sepsis caused by methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. In addition to antibiotic treatment, she required emergent pericardiocentesis for cardiac tamponade, followed by two surgical interventions including full median sternotomy incision and partial pericardiectomy. At 4-month follow-up, she did well with no evidence of constrictive pericarditis on echocardiogram.
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PMID:Purulent Pericarditis Due to Paronychia in a 16-Month-Old Child: A Nail-Biting Story. 2950 51

Central venous catheters (CVCs) are very useful tools in clinical medicine. It is important not only for the administration of medications or fluids but also the measurement of haemodynamic variables, especially in intensive care patients. CVC placement is a relatively safe procedure but may occasionally be associated with complications, such as pneumothorax, haemothorax, cardiac tamponade, sepsis and thrombosis. We aim to report an extraordinary case of bilateral hydrothorax due to CVC placement.
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PMID:Rare complication of central venous catheter placement: bilateral hydrothorax. 3056 79

In recent decades, emerging fungal infections have changed the clinical mycology scenario as a consequence of the advances in medical diagnostics and therapeutic procedures, long hospitalization times, and the growing number of individuals with debilitating chronic diseases and impaired immune systems. This report presents a 19 months old Brazilian female patient who developed a severe fungal sepsis by an uncommon yeast. She was admitted at the intensive care unit with severe pneumonia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and weight-for-age z score of less than -2. She remained more than 30 days in the intensive care unit where she had a femoral venous catheter placement, enteral nutrition, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, and prophylaxis with fluconazole. Moreover, pericardiocentesis was performed due to cardiac tamponade. She had a previous history of prematurity, cardiac surgery due to patent ductus arteriosus, and a long period of hospital stay. Despite the antifungal prophylaxis, two yeast isolates were recovered from blood and then identified by classical mycological methods and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing as Wickerhamomyces anomalus. Both isolates exhibited susceptibility to amphotericin B, ketoconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and fluconazole. Her clinical state worsened, presenting anasarca, epistaxis, and hemorrhagic suffusions in the mouth, sclera, oliguria, and bradycardia. Two days after the first positive culture, she presented a gradual reduction of the white blood cells count, with severe leukopenia and neutropenia. She died five days after.
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PMID:Fatal Case of Fungemia by Wickerhamomyces anomalus in a Pediatric Patient Diagnosed in a Teaching Hospital from Brazil. 3285 8


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