Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Out of 1,251 patients above 65 years of age staying at the Charles Foix Hospital (prolonged hospitalization) and the St. Joseph Hospital (acute cases), 168 had one or more positive blood cultures. Urinary tract infection is a major source of septicemia due to gram negative bacilli. It is important to stress cases of septicemia due to pneumococcal pneumoniae, eschars, and other skin lesions. Mortality varies between 33 and 36%, depending upon the hospital. Collapse, although infrequent, still portends a grave prognosis (61% of cases of collapse led to death at Charles Foix Hospital). The combination of more than two risk factors considerably worsens the prognosis. Hypoproteinemia and dementia are every bit as grave as diabetes and cancer. A better isolation of the microorganisms involved in cases of septicemia in the elderly will lead to a more judicious choice of antibiotics. The administration of chemotherapy immediately after the samples were obtained remains the main guarantee of successful therapy.
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PMID:[Septicemia in the elderly (author's transl)]. 2 83

The prognosis for patients with AML is improving, but mortality due to bleeding and infection remains significant. HLA compatibility has been the cornerstone of matching for prophylactic platelet transfusion; while HLA matched platelets are often of benefit, we have observed that HLA matching does not reliably predict transfusion responses. The platelet migration inhibition assay is, however, consistently predictive. The matching problem may be circumvented by the use of frozen autologous platelets, which circulate and function hemostatically. In the granulocytopenic patient with de novo fever (frequently due to bacterial sepsis), the immediate empiric use of broad spectrum antibiotics is mandatory. If the marrow begins to recover from chemotherapy shortly after the onset of infection, such that the peripheral granulocyte count will approach normal within 10 days, the likelihood of survival from an episode of septicemia after antibiosis now approaches 80%. If the marrow does not recover shortly, however, the likelihood of survival with antibiosis alone is poor. In this setting, survival is improved if patients are given granulocyte transfusions in addition to antibiotics. Patients who receive chemotherapy in a laminar air-flow room (LAFR) experience fewer severe infections than do patients in a conventional ward. However, most patients who are unresponsive to initial chemotherapy remain so in spite of protection from infection. Thus, the available results do not suggest that the LAFR is likely to improve appreciably the rate or duration of remission. Using malignant lymphoma as a model, we have found that cryopreserved autologous marrow infusions can hasten hematopoietic recovery in man after high-dose chemotherapy, and earlier reconstitution may be of clinical benefit to the patient; techniques are at hand that might permit the application of this concept to AML.
Cancer 1978 Aug
PMID:Recent developments in the supportive therapy of acute myelogenous leukemia. 2 27

A frequent and previously uncharacterised association of anorectal inflammatory disease in seven of twenty-two patients undergoing therapy for nonhaematological malignancy is described. Sepsis and secondary pulmonary infection were distant complications of the anorectal lesions. The degree of granulocytopenia induced by chemotherapy appears to be the major predisposing factor. Management includes early surgical intervention, and preventive measures specific for this patient population.
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PMID:Anorectal disease in patients with non-haematological malignancy. 5 10

Our experience with 18 patients undergoing pelvic exenteration for advanced primary or recurrent pelvic malignancies is presented. Only one postoperative death was noted, and morbidity was minimal despite the advanced age and high incidence of radiotherapy failures seen in our patients. Although no improvement in cure of malignancy has been seen in this small series, appreciable periods of symptom-free life have been achieved in patients who were previously incapacitated by extensive pelvic pain, fistulas, sepsis, hemorrhage and urinary-fecal incontinence. Because of the symptomatic palliation obtained in our experience, with minimal morbidity and mortality, we have developed a liberal attitude toward the use of pelvic exenteration in the management of selected patients with extensive pelvic malignancy, even when cure is not anticipated.
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PMID:New look at pelvic exenteration. 5 61

According to cell cycle synchrony principles, bleomycin was infused for 48 hours, followed by a dose of either methotrexate or hydroxyurea after a 24-hour rest, in 36 adult patients with disseminated carcinoma. In this preliminary study, a 59% response rate was noted among patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck. Four of four patients with transitional cell carcinoma of bladder and one patient with hypernephroma also responded. No responses were noted among five patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the lung. The length of response ranged from 1 to 8 months (median, 2 months). Seventy-seven percent of the responders had extensive prior radiotherapy. The first patient treated had fatal sepsis with leukopenia, which prompted a widening of the treatment interval. Subsequently, toxicity was mainly mild or absent, the moderate or severe toxicity was primarily neutropenia, which was reversible. The use of low-dose bleomycin infusion is safe and may play a role in cancer therapy in combination with other agents specific for certain tumors. The length of infusion should be determined by the cell cycle of the tumor, if its potential synchronizing capabilities are to be exploited.
Cancer 1976 Oct
PMID:Intravenous bleomycin infusion as a potential syncronizing agent in human disseminated malignancies: a preliminary report. 6 5

A phase II study utilizing 5-azacytidine in the treatment of patients with solid tumors was carried out by the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG-7208). Of 214 patients entered in the study 191 were eligible and 167 were evaluable. While initially they received 225 mg/m2 iv on Days 1--5 every 3 weeks because of toxicity the dose was subsequently reduced to 175mg/m2 and later to 150 mg/m2. Five partial regressions, 2.6% of the eligible patients and 3% of the evaluable patients, lasting from 28 to 77 days were observed. Sixteen patients 8.4% of the eligible patients and 9.6% of the evaluable patients, had no significant change in their disease for 39--255 days. The major toxicities were myelosuppressive and gastrointestinal with 13 deaths attributable to drug toxicity: 11 due to sepsis and two due to cerebral hemorrhage. 5-Azacytidine induced few favorable responses; those that did occur usually were of poor quality and short duration and were associated with significant toxicity.
Cancer Treat Rep
PMID:Phase II study of 5-azacytidine in solid tumors. 6 93

Thirty-nine patients with advanced epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with a combination of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II), methotrexate, bleomycin, and vincristine. Twenty-nine patients were evaluable for response and 39 were evaluable for toxicity. With this regimen toxicity was acceptable and the following rates were observed in a total of 139 treatment courses: 100% (nausea and vomiting), 3% (decreased creatinine clearance), 4% (thrombocytopenia), 5% (leukopenia), and 2% (pulmonary fibrosis). There was one death due to sepsis during a period of chemotherapy-induced leukopenia. Although the patients treated with this regimen had advanced disease and had been treated aggressively previously, an overall response rate of 24% was observed, with three patients (10%) having a complete response. Median duration of response was 7 + months. These results indicate that this intensive combination chemotherapy has a sufficiently favorable risk/benefit ratio to allow its evaluation in randomized clinical trials in patients with head and neck cancer.
Cancer Treat Rep
PMID:Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II), methotrexate, bleomycin, and vincristine in head and neck cancer: a pilot study. 9 8

Peripherally inserted central venous silicone elastomer catheters were studied in 81 patients who had malignancy requiring prolonged intravenous therapy. The catheters remained in place from 5 to 171 days, with a median of 30 days. Ninety-one percent of the catheters were unassociated with clinical complications. Six percent of 87 inserted catheters were removed due to peripheral thrombophlebitis. Two patients developed subclavian thrombosis, requiring catheter removal. One patient had catheter-related sepsis with Staphylococcus aureus. Bacteria grew from eleven percent of the cultured catheter tips. Indwelling catheters presence did not appear to influence response to antibiotic therapy. We conclude from this pilot study that long-term central venous access with peripherally inserted silicone elastomer catheters has an acceptably low complication rate in a high-risk patient population.
Cancer 1979 May
PMID:Long-term intravenous therapy with peripherally inserted silicone elastomer central venous catheters in patients with malignant diseases. 10 82

In over 1000 cancer patients treated with intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH), tumor growth has not been identified and catheter-related sepsis has been minimal. Studies in rats demonstrated that the host benefits more than the tumor during nutritional repletion, and any stimulation of tumor growth in the rat-tumor model could be manipulated with DNA specific drugs to benefit the host. A study of 65 malnourished cancer patients undergoing oncologic therapy and treated with IVH indicated that much of the immune suppression in these patients was the result of malnutrition coincident with or secondary to oncologic treatment. Conclusions reached in this study were that nutritional repletion resulted in a return of skin test reactivity, proper wound healing in the surgical patient, and possibly an increase in response to chemotherapy. Certainly, the use of IVH allowed specific oncologic therapy to be administered to a group of malnourished patients who otherwise might not have been acceptable candidates for intensive antineoplastic therapy.
Cancer 1979 May
PMID:Nutrition, cancer, and intravenous hyperalimentation. 10 87

Total parenteral nutrition TPN has been used to treat or prevent malnutrition in 65 children with a variety of solid tumors and leukemia in the past 7 years. TPN was used in 58 patients with gastrointestinal complications of surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation; in 2 patients for preoperative correction of malnutrition; and in 8 who were entered into a prospective study. During TPN, general nutrition and appearance improved in all patients. Weight gain was noted in most. Despite gastrointestinal complications, which usually require the interruption of chemotherapy and radiation, treatment could be continued at full dose in 31 children with nutritional support by TPN. TPN was discontinued in 6 patients when blood cultures became positive. Sepsis was treated successfully by removal of the central venous catheter in all 6 and administration of antibiotics in 3. TPN appears to be safe and effective means of combating malnutrition which may occur with cancer and its therapy.
Cancer 1979 May
PMID:Parenteral feeding in the management of children with cancer. 10 88


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