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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a prospective randomized study of 96 patients, the effect of a short antibiotic course given after transurethral prostatic resection was analysed. Cefotaxime (1 g. i.m. every 12 hours to a total of 3 g) was given to 47 patients with the first doses when the postoperative catheter was removed while 49 were assigned to a control group without antibiotic. The frequency of bacteriuria was 48% preoperatively in the cefotaxime group and 33% six weeks postoperatively. In the control group the corresponding figures were 63% and 50% (p greater than 0.1). There were two cases of septicemia in each group immediately post-operatively whereas upper urinary tract infection developed in five patients in the control group and one patient in the cefotaxime group (p greater than 0.1). The total number of infectious and non-infectious complications was significantly greater in the control group (22) compared to the cefotaxime group (12) (p less than 0.05). The patients receiving the antibiotic remained a shorter time in hospital as compared to the controls. Bacteriological analysis showed a good in vitro effect of cefotaxime on isolated bacteria.
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PMID:A short antibiotic course given in conjunction with and after catheter removal consecutive to transurethral prostatic resection. 609 41

A phage specific for Escherichia coli K5 antigen was used to determine the frequency of K5 in strains of E. coli isolated from cases of sepsis, meningitis, and urinary tract infection (pyelonephritis, cystitis, and asymptomatic bacteriuria), as well as from fecal samples of healthy subjects. Although entirely absent from meningitic strains, K5 was found to be one of the most common E. coli capsular antigens, especially in strains causing sepsis. K5 was less common in the fecal strains of healthy subjects than in strains causing various urinary tract infections, between which there was no significant difference in its frequency. Thus, even if K5 is a less important antigen than K1 in the etiology of acute pyelonephritis or acute meningitis, as the fifth most commonly occurring K antigen in E. coli strains causing urinary tract infection it should be included as a component in any K antigen-based vaccine against acute pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Escherichia coli K5 antigen in relation to various infections and in healthy individuals. 619 69

In a prospective randomized study of 192 patients, the effect of a short course of cefotaxime in connection with transurethral prostatic resection was analyzed. The antibiotic was given to 98 patients, while 94 were assigned to a control group without antibiotic. The frequency of bacteriuria in the cefotaxime group was 43% preoperatively and 18% six weeks postoperatively. In the control group the corresponding figures were 40 and 42% (p less than 0.01). Complicated postoperative infection did not occur in the cefotaxime group, but in the control group there was one case of septicemia and seven patients had upper urinary tract infections (p less than 0.01). In the cefotaxime group, patients with preoperatively negative urine culture were prevented from acquiring bacteriuria, and 67% of preoperatively present infections were eliminated at six weeks after the operation, as compared with 30% in the control group. There were essentially no side effects of cefotaxime. Renal function was not influenced by the combination of cefotaxime and furosemide.
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PMID:The effect of a short antibiotic course in transurethral prostatic resection. 620

While studying 213 cases of septicemia among children less than one year of age, we found 36 cases of septicemia with bacteriuria. Among these 213 septicemic children, urinary tract infection (UTI) was second only to meningitis as an associated focus of infection. A radiological investigation was done in 27 cases; the pyelography or the cystography was abnormal in 14 instances, and 6 of these 14 patients needed to be surgically corrected.
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PMID:[Septicemia associated with urinary infection in infants. Apropos of 36 cases]. 637 34

Examinations of the urine in 216 kidney allograft recipients resulted in significant bacteriuria in 274 samples of 1,802 urines tested. Bacteruria was found in 30 patients with recurrent or chronic persistent infections of the urinary tract; this patient group was studied by examination of 399 urine samples (mean 13.3 samples per patient). Four patients suffered from urologic complications after kidney grafting and were excluded from the study; 15 patients were diagnosed clinically and/or histologically with transplant pyelonephritis, 11 patients with cystitis. Of main importance for the diagnosis of transplant pyelonephritis were findings of persistent leucocyturia and the presence of antibody-coated bacteria. Both of these findings were repeatedly seen in all patients with transplant pyelonephritis. Clinical symptoms included fever and dysuria. In contrast to patients suffering from cystitis, transplant function detoriated in 13 of 15 patients with transplant pyelonephritis; two patients had to be treated by hemodialysis. Septicemia occurred in eight of the 15 patients studied. The data illustrate the frequency of transplant pyelonephritis as observed in 15 of 26 patients accompaining chronic urinary tract infection after kidney allograft transplantation. As a predisposing factor, obstruction of the urinary tract was diagnosed in eight of the 15 transplant recipients with pyelonephritis. The prednisone dose was higher than 10 mg in eight of 15 patients at the time transplant infection was diagnosed. Successful antibiotic treatment resulted in stable transplant function in three patients; four patients exhibited even lower serum creatinine levels after therapy.
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PMID:[Transplant pyelonephritis (author's transl)]. 698 35

Bacteriuria in pregnancy was prospectively studied in 569 women, with specific reference to group B streptococcal infection. Forty-six patients (8%) had bacteriuria, including 14 with group B streptococcal infection; group B streptococci (GBS) were exceeded in frequency only by Escherichia coli. Two thirds of the bacteriuric patients remained asymptomatic. The outcome of pregnancy was studied in 41/46 bacteriuric patients, including all those with group B streptococcal infection. Two pregnancies ended in intrauterine fetal death, and one neonate developed group B streptococcal sepsis; all three complications occurred in the 14 women with group B streptococcal bacteriuria. Diabetes mellitus appeared to increase the risk of group B streptococcal bacteriuria. This study revealed that group B streptococcal bacteriuria is more common in pregnancy than was previously suspected and suggests that culture methods to detect GBS should be used in bacteriuria screening programs done in pregnancy. In terms of perinatal infection risk, screening for group B streptococcal bacteriuria at or near the time of delivery may be more meaningful than other group B streptococcal surveillance culture studies.
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PMID:A prospective study of group B streptococcal bacteriuria in pregnancy. 701 48

In an 8-year period, 16 cases of parturitional septicemia due to the Enterobacteriaceae in the immediate postpartum period were identified that were not due to pyelonephritis. Fourteen of the 16 patients had more than 100,000 colonies per milliliter of urine of the same member of the Enterobacteriaceae as was present in the blood. Twelve of the 16 patients had concomitant endometrial cultures. In 11 patients the same isolate was recovered from urine and endometrium as had been recovered from the intravascular compartment. The data suggest an etiologic relationship between asymptomatic bacteriuria and septicemia due to the Enterobacteriaceae in which the maternal implantation site affords the principal portal of infection.
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PMID:Association of Enterobacteriaceae septicemia in the immediate postpartum period and asymptomatic bacteriuria. 715 79

Fifty-five documented infections reported from an admission unit of a large skilled nursing facility (SNF) during a five-month period were analyzed. Of these, 45 (82 percent) were urinary-tract infections (UTIs), chiefly asymptomatic bacteriuria. Sixty-three percent of the UTIs were acquired in the SNF, and the remainder were acquired during the preceding stay in a general hospital. Statistically, Proteus species infections were more common among the SNF-acquired UTIs, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections were the most common among the hospital-acquired UTIs. The following recommendations are made: 1) for previously hospitalized elderly patients in whom urinary-tract sepsis develops soon after admission to an SNF, treatment should start with an antibiotic active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa while the results of cultures are pending; 2) symptomatic lower urinary-tract infections caused by SNF-acquired Proteus species should be treated with nalidixic acid or trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole; 3) the term "nosocomial infection" should be broadened to include infections acquired in long-term care institutions; and 4) infection surveillance should be started in selected long-term care institutions for the elderly as part of an expanded National Nosocomial Infections Survey.
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PMID:Nosocomial urinary-tract infections in a skilled nursing facility. 741 46

Struvite renal stones are caused by infection of the urine with bacteria that synthesize the enzyme urease. Ammonium is released by the breakdown of urea by urease, the urine becomes highly alkaline, and magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and carbonate apatite crystallize. Incorporation of the infecting bacteria within the developing stone, results in a focus of infection that is resistant to conventional antimicrobial therapy, and which is manifested clinically by repeated urinary tract infection caused by persistent bacteriuria. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) currently is accepted as the election treatment for most renal calculi. This trial examines the bacteriologic aspects pre and post-ESWL. Eighty adult patients, 47 females and 33 males, without clinical signs of urinary tract infections (UTI) were submitted to urine cultures pre and post-ESWL. The first 50 patients underwent during and post-ESWL, 150 blood cultures, which all proved to be negative, confirming very low risk of generalized sepsis. No patient presented fever, chills or rigors pre or postprocedures. With respect to urine cultures 43 patients (52.5%) had a pre-ESWL UTI, in comparison to 49 (60%) who had a UTI post-ESWL. The distribution of organisms pre and post-ESWL was as follows: Proteus mirabilis (22/22), Escherichia coli (11/11), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4/5), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2/2), Enterobacter cloacae (0/1), Alcaligenes odorans (1/2) Enterococcus faecalis (1/3), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (1/2) and Candida albicans (1/1). In this study 6 patients presented bacteriuria post-ESWL probably due to bacteria from inside the calculi. According to these results, the risk of bacteremia seems to be very low. In 60% of staghorn renal stones we could demonstrate a bacterial infection.
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PMID:[Staghorn renal lithiasis treated with shock waves. Bacteriologic aspects]. 765 75

We investigated the source of organisms detected in blood specimens obtained during and immediately following prostatic surgery under perioperative antibiotic use, as related to the results of cultures of preoperative urines and prostatic tissues. Ninety patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were studied. The incidence of bacteremia was 28.9%: 53.7% in patients with preoperative bacteriuria and 8.2% in those without bacteriuria, a significant difference (p < 0.01). Of these bacteremic patients, 5, who had preoperative bacteriuria, developed septicemia. Bacteremia developed more frequently in patients with positive than in those with negative prostatic cultures; this difference was significant (p < 0.05). The species in 80.8% of the isolates from blood specimens were identical with those isolated from preoperative urines, and the species in 53.8% were identical with those from prostatic tissues. These results indicate that in patients with urogenital infection, especially bacteriuria, septicemia can result from prostatic surgery even under perioperative antibiotic use. The incidence of postoperative bacteriuria was approximately 20% in the preoperative nonbacteriuric patients regardless of the duration of chemoprophylaxis.
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PMID:Bacteremia resulting from prostatic surgery in patients with or without preoperative bacteriuria under perioperative antibiotic use. 768 66


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