Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-three consecutive trauma patients with an injury severity score greater than 20 were studied prospectively for evidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Twenty-one patients had serologic conversion: 3 with primary CMV infections, 18 with reactivation of CMV infection (CMV group). Twenty-two patients had no serologic conversion (no CMV group). To differentiate the effects of CMV and transfusion, the CMV group and the no CMV group were each divided into high (more than 10 units) and low (less than 10 units) transfusion subgroups. Similar fever peaks, leukocyte counts, lymphocyte counts, and incidence of major bacterial sepsis were recorded for the four subgroups. Several factors were significantly associated with CMV infection independent of transfusion, including increased duration of major bacterial sepsis and number of septic episodes per patient; prolonged duration of anergy; increased duration of intensive care unit and hospital stay; increased duration of ventilatory assistance and rate of tracheostomy; and increased suppressor cells, decreased helper: suppressor ratios, increased functional suppressor cells, and increased natural killer cells. Although mortality was not increased with CMV infection, our data suggest that such infection after trauma may delay recovery from major bacterial infection, often resulting in a major increase in morbidity.
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PMID:Association of cytomegalovirus infection with increased morbidity is independent of transfusion. 255 56

In patients with septicemia and septic shock the contact phase of blood coagulation is activated. It has been suggested that polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are directly activated by purified plasma kallikrein. This has been recently questioned because granulocytic elastase release induced by recalcification of normal and prekallikrein-deficient plasma was similar. We studied the interaction of different preparations of purified human plasma kallikrein with PMN. Cytosolic calcium shifts were measured with the quin2 method, PMN aggregation was assayed in an aggregometer, and superoxide production was quantitated as superoxide dismutase inhibitable cytochrome c reduction in a continuous assay. No increase of cytosolic free calcium was found during at least 5 min after adding 10 micrograms/ml plasma kallikrein to PMN. Similarly, highly purified plasma kallikrein from two different sources did not induce PMN aggregation at all, nor did it stimulate superoxide production. However, sequential exposure of PMN to plasma kallikrein and formylpeptide increased the superoxide production compared to stimulation with formylpeptide alone. This phenomenon which is called priming was observed at plasma kallikrein concentrations greater than or equal to 7 micrograms/ml. The active site of the molecule was required for the priming, because plasma prekallikrein, active site-inactivated plasma kallikrein, and soybean trypsin inhibitor treated kallikrein did not prime PMN. This indicates that the contact activation system may play a role in host defence against bacterial infection.
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PMID:Purified human plasma kallikrein does not stimulate but primes neutrophils for superoxide production. 255 88

Sepsis is the most common cause of late death in pancreatitis. The presence of early bacterial infection has been correlated with the severity of the disease. A choline-deficient ethionine-supplemented (CDE) diet given to young female mice produces severe necrotizing pancreatitis that has morphologic and biochemical similarities to the human disease. We therefore searched for bacterial pancreatic infection in female CD-1 mice given the CDE diet. The mortality rate was 47.5% in mice fed the CDE diet. All of these mice had severe pancreatitis with inflammation, edema, and necrosis on histologic examination. Bacterial infection was present in 1/12 pancreatica among nonsurvivors and in 1/32 pancreatica in surviving animals (p not significant). Histologic examination showed edema to be more pronounced in surviving mice, although the overall severity of morphologic changes was not significantly different between survivors and nonsurvivors. We conclude that bacterial infection is not a determinant of the severity or lethality of experimental pancreatitis induced by the CDE diet.
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PMID:Bacterial infection is not necessary for lethal necrotizing pancreatitis in mice. 266 23

From 1976-1987 a total of 26 infants and children with polycystic kidney disease were treated at the Children's Hospital of the Medical School Hannover. 13 of them suffered from infantile recessive polycystic kidney disease (IRPKD), and 13 from adult dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). IRPKD was diagnosed at a median age of 0.33 years (range 1 day-13 years), ADPKD at 6.0 years (3 days-14 years). Of those with IRPKD two infants died from bacterial infection and two others developed terminal renal insufficiency at the age of 8 years, while the others are living and 1-20 years old. All those suffer from severe arterial hypertension and have reduced renal function, but only 5 developed signs of liver fibrosis. Of those with ADPKD one infant died from sepsis and renal insufficiency, while the others are well and now 2-17 years old. Only one child needs an antihypertensive treatment. The most important criteria to differentiate IRKPD and ADKPD in children are the genetic transmission, age of first manifestation, hypertension and renal function. The prognosis is much more severe in IRPKD than in ADPKD, but is not as infaust in IRPKD as often assumed.
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PMID:[Cystic kidneys in children]. 266 42

Clinical septicemia developed in 2 clinically normal horses after both were administered a portion of an amino acid solution IV. Serratia marcescens was subsequently isolated from blood of both horses. The isolates were shown to be identical on the basis of antibiograms and plasmid biochemistry, incriminating the infusate as the source of bacterial infection. The horses recovered after supportive and antimicrobial treatment.
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PMID:Serratia marcescens septicemia associated with infusion of an amino acid solution in two horses. 267 Aug 62

A total of 82 patients involving 83 episodes of proven or presumed bacterial infection were treated with sulbactam/ampicillin. These included 36 cases of soft tissue infection or abscess, four cases of joint or bone infection, 20 cases of respiratory tract infection (17 cases of pneumonia, two of otitis media, and one of tonsillitis), 15 urinary tract infections, three cases of enterocolitis, one case of infective endocarditis, two cases of septicemia, and two of peritonitis. The causative pathogen was isolated in 48 cases (49 infections). These pathogens included Staphylococcus aureus 13 cases, Staphylococcus epidermidis one, Streptococcus pyogenes two, Streptococcus pneumoniae two, Viridans group streptococcus two, peptostreptococcus one, Haemophilus influenzae one, Escherichia coli 12, Enterobacter cloacae three, Proteus mirabilis one, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus one, Salmonella spp. two, Shigella sonnei one, Bacteroides fragilis one, and polymicrobial infections of various combinations in five cases. No bacterial pathogens were isolated in 34 infections, 14 cases of pneumonia and 15 soft tissue infections. Sulbactam/ampicillin was given by intravenous bolus in a dosage range of 75-450 mg/kg/day in four divided doses for variable periods of time depending on the type and severity of the infection. Of a total of 83 episodes of infections, 80 (96.4%) cases were either cured or improved. Bacteriologic eradication also occurred in 46 (93.9%) of 49 infections. Side effects were diarrhea in two patients, acute hemolytic anemia in one patient, and transient elevations in SGOT and leukopenia in one patient. Side effects disappeared upon completion of treatment. Sulbactam/ampicillin is a safe and effective antibiotic for the treatment of common pediatric infections.
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PMID:Intravenous sulbactam/ampicillin in the treatment of pediatric infections. 268 18

Intraabdominal sepsis is frequently seen following penetrating or blunt abdominal trauma as well as with perforated appendicitis or diverticulitis. The initial leakage of endogenous gastrointestinal microflora into the peritoneal cavity results in peritonitis and secondary septicemia, which often results in a localized intraabdominal abscess. These infections are commonly polymicrobial and correlate directly with the unique endogenous microflora at various levels of the gastrointestinal tract. The successful treatment of intraabdominal sepsis is primarily associated with prompt, appropriate surgical intervention. Parenterally administered antibiotics are also required to decrease the incidence of local bacterial infection or septicemia. The choice of the appropriate agent(s) to be used initially, before obtaining the results of culture and sensitivity tests, depends primarily on both the clinical presentation and on whether the intraabdominal infection occurred in the community or as a result of hospitalization. Clinical and experimental studies of intraabdominal sepsis have primarily emphasized the use of antibiotic agents that have a spectrum of activity effective against aerobic coliforms and the anaerobe Bacteroides fragilis.
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PMID:The treatment of intraabdominal infections in surgery. 268 20

Four patients who were referred to the Liver Failure Unit with an initial diagnosis of fulminant hepatic failure were found to have severe bacterial infection from a primary septic focus as the cause of their illness. Clinical and biochemical characteristics were not helpful in differentiating these patients from those with hepatic failure from other causes, and only a high degree of suspicion will prevent delay in the diagnosis of underlying sepsis and initiation of appropriate treatment. The possible mechanisms responsible for this uncommon association are discussed.
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PMID:Primary sepsis presenting as fulminant hepatic failure. 269 58

The experience with empirical antimicrobial therapy of septicemia and febrile episodes in pediatric neutropenic patients was analyzed retrospectively. Between January 1985 and March 1988 in 49 patients 77 episodes were observed. Bacteremia was found in 15 (20%), culture proven localized bacterial infection in 11 (14%) and clinically diagnosed bacterial infection was found in 7 (9%) of the febrile episodes. Thus, 33 (43%) documented bacterial infections were observed. For initial therapy a combination of aminoglycoside plus 2nd/3rd generation cephalosporin (60%) or aminoglycoside plus piperacillin (30%) was usually chosen. Both regimens were equally effective. 52% and 56%, respectively, were sufficiently treated with the initial regimen. 95% of all episodes resolved completely, the mortality rate was 5%. Central venous catheters remained in situ in 84% of the cases. The period of time necessary for recovery of granulopoiesis had an influence on the therapy success.
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PMID:[Empirical antimicrobial therapy of infection and fever episodes in children and adolescents with neutropenia caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy]. 271 90

With the object to determine the utility of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. We proceeded to create the prospective study of cases and controls of newborn included in the study of neonatal sepsis in the Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia. We measured the seric CRP in samples obtained by capillary punction simultaneously with blood culture and/or CSF culture, for bacterial infection criteria. We included 64 newborn divided in two groups: 42 patients were not infected and 22 cases had positive cultures. The results in the uninfected newborn group of CRP were negative to positive dilutions 1:32; with the newborn infected the CRP had values of 1:32 to 1:2048. The probability to find values equal or major to 1:32 in the infected newborn with positive cultures the CRP have values of sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 93% to get this values. We accept that the CRP could be used systematically for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, being a simple procedure and accessible for use in the newborn with sepsis suspicion.
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PMID:[Usefulness of C-reactive protein for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis]. 280 37


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