Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical results obtained with fraction IgGAM are reported. Different types of antibody deficiency syndromes have successfully been treated : 8 cases of Bruton-type agammaglobulinemia. In one of these case a tenacious Pseudomonas infection cleared off during the treatment. Two cases of non sex-linked familial agammaglobulinemia. Three cases of isolated IgM deficiency. Five cases of isolated IgA deficiency. Five cases with Soothill type IgA deficiency associated with high IgE levels. Five cases of septicemia of the new-born. Three cases with acquired agammaglobulinemia and in the premature infant (5 cases). No side-effects nor appearance of anti-IgA antibodies have been observed.
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PMID:[The use of new immunoglobulin preparation, enriched in IgA and IgM (IgGAM)]. 5 7

Twenty Holstein-Friesian male calves were obtained within 4 hours after bith (colostrum deprived) and allotted to 1 of 4 groups, each given a different feeding: colostrum, milk replacer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and saline solution (0.85% NaCl). Each calf was fed 2 L of the respective diets every 12 hours. Rectal temperatures were recorded and blood samples were collected immediately before each feeding. At approximately 27 hours of age, all calves were inoculated orally with 1.5 X 10(10) viable organisms of a septicemia-producing Escherichia coli serotype O26: K60:NM. Within 8 hours, all calves had diarrhea. Coli-septicemia (E coli cultured from liver, spleen, and cardiac blood) was present in 1 of the 5 calves fed colostrum, in 5 or the 5 calves fed milk replacer, in 5 of the 5 calves fed PVP, and in 4 of the 5 calves fed saline solution. At necropsy of the calves (12 to 48 hours after oral inoculation), the same organism was isolated by cultural technique from small intestines of 19 of the 20 calves. Serum immunoglobulin G concentrations increased (P less than 0.01) in calves fed the colostrum diet in sharp contrast to the agammaglobulinemia occurring in calves fed the milk replacer, PVP, or saline solution. Results indicate that colostrum fed to the calf soon after birth provides protection from colisepticemia, but does not prevent the diarrhea of colibacillosis.
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PMID:Resistance of neonatal calves given colostrum diet to oral challenge with a septicemia-producing Escherichia coli. 33 27

The new fluoroquinolones have not been tested in children despite their wide spectrum of in vitro activity and efficacy, because of an observed damage to cartilage in young animals. However, in some cases they may be life-saving. We present three pediatric patients with life threatening infections in whom the fluoroquinolones were used when other antibiotics failed: A seven-year-old boy with meningitis due to multiresistant Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, a three-year-old boy with Job's syndrome with line sepsis due to Staphylococcus epidermidis and a four month-old boy with agammaglobulinemia with mixed infection due to Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp. All three children were cured of their infections.
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PMID:Parenteral fluoroquinolones in children with life-threatening infections. 221 Aug 57

The introduction of preparations of immune serum globulin that are safe for intravenous use (IVIG) has made possible safe and effective prophylactic treatment for patients with a variety of humoral immunodeficiencies. These include not only primary agammaglobulinemia and common variable hypogammaglobulinemia but also the antibody deficiencies that accompany chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma, as well as the hypogamma-globulinemia found in very low birth weight newborns who have not received adequate transplacental IgG from their mothers. In contrast, trials to date have not shown efficacy of IVIG in preventing sepsis in burn patients. The ease of administration and efficacy of IVIG in preventing respiratory symptoms in hypogammaglobulinemic patients has suggested that many other patients presenting with sinusitis and asthma, recurrent bronchitis, and other chronic chest symptoms might also benefit from IVIG and that they should be worked up for IgG subclass or specific antibody deficiencies. Side effects of IVIG administration are generally minor and may be prevented by slow administration and/or pretreatment with aspirin or Benadryl. The only contraindication to IVIG treatment is anaphylactic sensitivity to IgA, which is extremely rare. IVIG is thus an effective and safe form of prophylaxis that can reduce the incidence of pneumonia and other respiratory infections in patients with antibody deficiency as a predisposing factor.
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PMID:Role of gamma globulin. 251 39

This review has concentrated on clinical syndromes for which a congenital basis of polymorphonuclear neutrophil dysfunction has been identified. The first clinical syndrome found to be associated with dysfunctional polymorphs was chronic granulomatous disease of childhood. Identification of a cellular defect in oxidative metabolism and microbicidal activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils from patients with CGD stimulated intense investigation of the function of phagocytes in several clinical entities characterized by increased susceptibility to infection. Other diseases with a probable congenital basis for polymorph dysfunction include Chediak-Higashi syndrome, myeloperoxidase deficiency, severe glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and Down's syndrome. Functional defects have also been identified in neutrophils with morphologic abnormalities, such as the Pelger-Huet anomaly and the May-Hegglin anomaly, and in neutrophils without alkaline phosphatase or with a disorder of the glutathione system. The evidence for a relation between these cellular disorders and susceptibility to infection is tentative. Patients with congenital disorders of polymorphonuclear neutrophil microbicidal function frequently suffer prolonged infections in spite of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and severe lesions recur with discouraging frequency. These lesions are usually soft tissue or bone abscesses, and the etiologic agents are typically staphylococci, gram-negative enteric species, or fungi. The infectious disease problems of patients with phagocytic cell disorders are usually quite distinct from the problems of patients without immunoglobulins or with complement deficiency. Patients with agammaglobulinemia, for example, suffer recurrent septicemia or meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumonia or H. influenzae. Septicemia, especially with the pyogenic bacterial species, is unusual in patients with polymorphoinuclear dysfunction. A major contribution of the currently intense investigation of cells from patients with congenital disorders of phagocyte function has been the greatly increased understanding of the molecular events necessary for the normal function of these cells. The role of the oxidative metabolic burst during phagocytosis has been clearly identified as essential to the microbicidal function of polymorphs and monocytes, and the glutathione system has been identified as essential to the regulation of these oxidative reactions. It is anticipated that these studies may lead to practical methods for "stimulating the phagocytes" in patients with increased susceptibility to infection.
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PMID:Congenital disorders of the function of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. 625 30

Usually, presenting infections in children with agammaglobulinemia include pneumonia and otitis media caused by pyogenic bacteria. We report here two cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia with ecthyma gangrenosum, in previously healthy boys, leading to the diagnosis of X-linked agammaglobulinemia.
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PMID:X-linked agammaglobulinemia presenting as pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia. 889 10

Human natural immunoglobulin (HunIg) preparation for intravenous use has been used in various diseases. The most typical application of this preparation is agammaglobulinemia. Currently, however, this preparation is being used in the therapy of many other disorders. These include thrombocytopenia, Kawasaki disease, systemic vasculitis, several other disorders of autoimmune origin and systemic inflammation such as sepsis. In some diseases, the clinical improvement following use of HunIg has been dramatic, while in others its effect is not striking. Due to rarity of the side effects, the range of application of HunIg has been recently broadened. Such side effects include transmission of several diseases such as hepatitis and retroviral infections. Before it is recommended for use, however, and primarily due to expense, the efficacy of this drug should be carefully evaluated. The mechanism of action of HunIg is not fully understood. However, it has been suggested that its action may involve blockade of Fc-receptor, an anti-cytokine effect, or inhibition of complement activation. In this review, the mechanism of action of HunIgG and its application in human diseases are discussed.
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PMID:Therapeutic application of intravenous human natural immunoglobulin preparation. 915 42

Helicobacter spp., except for Helicobacter cinaedi, have only rarely been reported in cases of septicemia. A patient with X-linked (Bruton's) agammaglobulinemia was found to have persistent sepsis with a Helicobacter-like organism despite multiple courses of antibiotics. His periods of sepsis were associated with leg swelling thought to be consistent with cellulitis. The organism was fastidious and required a microaerophilic environment containing H(2) for growth. Optimal growth was observed at 35 to 37 degrees C on sheep blood, CDC anaerobe, and Bordet-Gengou agars. Serial subcultures every 4 to 5 days were required to maintain viability. The organism was strongly urease positive and showed highest relatedness to Helicobacter-like organisms with the vernacular name "Flexispira rappini" by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Genomic DNA hybridization studies, however, found 24 to 37% relatedness to "F. rappini" and even less to other Helicobacter spp. Although the organism phenotypically resembles "Flexispira" and Helicobacter, it is thought to represent a new taxon. The patient's infection was eventually cleared with a prolonged (5-month) course of intravenous imipenem and gentamicin.
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PMID:Recurrent bacteremia caused by a "Flexispira"-like organism in a patient with X-linked (Bruton's) agammaglobulinemia. 1040 81

Although people with bacterial meningitis lack adequate protective antibody against the invading pathogen, most do not have an underlying immunodeficiency. Certain comorbid conditions increase the risk for development of bacterial sepsis and meningitis. In addition, certain congenital complement deficiencies, defects of antibody production, or asplenia may be first recognized by the occurrence of bacterial meningitis, particularly when it occurs in infants or young children. Deficiencies of the terminal components of complement (C5-C9) or properdin have been associated with recurrent or invasive neisserial infections, and asplenia, agammaglobulinemia, and deficiencies of the early components of complement (e.g., C1-C3) are associated with risks of infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and meningococci. The presence of congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies should be considered in persons who present with bacterial meningitis on the basis of the etiology, clinical epidemiology, and presence of other risk factors.
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PMID:Indications for the immunological evaluation of patients with meningitis. 1252 51

The hallmarks of X-linked Agammaglobulinemia (XLA) are panhypogammaglobulinemia, absent B-cells, and recurrent sinopulmonary and gastrointestinal infections starting at an early age, as well as other infections like cellulitis, meningitis, arthritis and sepsis. A number of non-infectious complications have been reported in these patients, including autoimmune diseases and malignancy, especially lymphomas. Here, we report the case of a 30-year old man who developed gastric adenocarcinoma in the context of XLA. Previous reports of, and hypotheses addressing the development of cancer in patients with XLA, are also summarized. Solid cancer in XLA affects mainly the gastrointestinal tract and seems to be related to chronic infection. A natural evolution can be traced back from gastric adenocarcinoma to megaloblastic anemia due to achlorhydria in the context of chronic infection; periodic endoscopy thus seems justified to detect and treat carcinoma in early stages.
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PMID:Gastric adenocarcinoma in the context of X-linked agammaglobulinemia: case report and review of the literature. 2433 62


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