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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among 625 patients with squamous cell carcinoma and 134 patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and cardia, a one stage resection was performed upon 375 patients of the squamous carcinoma group (excluding pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy) and 92 patients in the adenocarcinoma group. The patients formed the basis of the current analysis. Male to female ratio was 7:1 for those with squamous carcinoma compared with 3.6:1.0 for those with adenocarcinoma (p = 0.037). Most squamous carcinomas were located in the middle one-third (56.3 percent) and lower one-third (33.0 percent) of the esophagus. Adenocarcinomas were predominantly found at the cardia (91.3 percent) and lower one-third (6.5 percent). Postoperatively, respiratory complications occurred in 34.4 percent of patients in the group with squamous carcinoma and in 19.6 percent of patients in the group with adenocarcinoma (p = 0.01). Cardiac complications occurred in 28.3 percent of patients in the group with squamous carcinoma and in 16.3 percent of patients in the group with adenocarcinoma (p = 0.03). Anastomotic leaks were uncommon for both groups (4.3 and 5.4 percent, respectively). Anastomotic recurrence occurred in 6.1 and 7.6 percent of patients, respectively. Respiratory complications, malignant cachexia and sepsis accounted for most of the deaths in the hospital. The 30 day mortality rates for patients with squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were comparable (4.8 and 6.5 percent, respectively) (p = 0.33). After 30 days, mortality rates differed significantly (11.7 and 3.3 percent, respectively) (p = 0.026). The overall hospital mortality rates, however, were comparable (16.5 and 9.8 percent, respectively) (p = 0.14). The overall five year survival rate for both groups was 15 percent. For patients with squamous carcinomas, the five year survival rate after curative resection was 31 percent compared with 5 percent for palliative resection. For patients with adenocarcinomas, the respective five year survival rates were 35 and zero percent. It was concluded that the two types of tumor differ significantly in the incidence of postoperative morbidity, but mortality and the long term survival rates were similar.
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PMID:A comparison of outcome after resection for squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and cardia. 163 32

The endourological approach for utothelial tumors of the upper urinary tract (UUT) is a controversial issue of which there is little experience to date. However, the data reported in the series of other authors as well as our own series support its utilization. Of a total of 137 patients suspected of having UUT tumor, 66 patients underwent endourological management: 56 by ureteroscopy (URS) and 10 by percutaneous nephroscopy (PN). The presence of tumor was discarded in 26 patients, 10 underwent open surgery to treat the tumor, and the remaining 30 patients were primarily treated by URS (20), PN (9), or combined treatment (1). Overall, 30 of 111 patients (27%) were treated by endoscopy; 28 attempted cure and 2 were palliative procedures. Twenty-six of these 30 patients had a previous history of urothelial tumor, 7 had a single kidney, and in 5 patients the tumor had presented following cystectomy. Except for the T2 tumor submitted to palliative treatment and one case with diffuse carcinoma in situ, all tumors were TA-1, 20 were G1, 8 were G2, and were G3. Seven of the 30 patients had died after a mean follow-up of 28.4 months (range 3-117 months: 2 immediately postoperatively from pathological conditions unrelated to the operation (acute CVA, biliary sepsis), 1 from conditions unrelated to the urinary tract or tumor, 2 from disseminated bladder urothelial tumor, and 1 from disseminated primary adenocarcinoma of unknown origin. Currently, 23 patients (76.6%) are alive; of these, 7 (23.3%) have had tumor recurrence: 2 required treatment by nephroureterectomy but the remaining 5 patients were also treated endourologically with success. The progression index was 7% (2/28). Analysis of prognostic factors revealed a close correlation between the histologic grade of malignancy, malignant urinary cytology, and the frequency of tumor recurrence. Tumor recurrence was observed to be 60% in those with a positive cytology and only 17.6% in those with a negative cytology. G3 tumors recurred 50% of the time, G2 37.5%, and Go-1 22%. The frequency of tumor recurrence was also different in patients who had received adjuvant topical BCG or MMC therapy (20%) in comparison to those who received no adjuvant therapy (40% recurrence). On the other hand, no significant difference was observed relative to the technique utilized to treat the tumor: 3/12 (25%) of those who underwent electroresection or electrocoagulation and 6/16 (37.5%) of those submitted to Nd:YAG laser.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Endo-urologic surgery of urothelial tumors of the upper urinary tract]. 172 82

We report two cases of malignant biliary obstruction in whom percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage has contributed to patient survival of more than 5 years. To our knowledge, this represents the first such case report in the literature. Both patients suffered biliary obstruction from poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, in all likelihood from the head of the pancreas. Morbidity has been low with only two episodes of significant sepsis and one episode of GI haemorrhage in one patient and both patients were able to enjoy an excellent quality of life. These cases demonstrate that percutaneous biliary drainage has a place not only in the short term palliation of patients with malignant biliary obstruction, but in the long term as well.
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PMID:Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for malignant biliary obstruction: a report of two cases with five year survival. 172 41

Although rare, adenocarcinoma of the anal canal may be more common than previously thought in populations with a high incidence of peri-anal sepsis. Four such cases are presented and published reports reviewed. To avoid unnecessary delays in diagnosis, the clinician must adopt a high index of suspicion when dealing with chronic peri-anal disease. More regular follow-up examinations and biopsies of suspicious lesions are necessary. Since the origin and histological appearance of these tumours are often not clear cut, both clinician and pathologist must work closely together when correlating their findings. Until recently, the vast majority of cases have been managed surgically, and a concerted effort needs to be made to evaluate the role of chemoradiotherapy and preoperative radiotherapy as therapeutic modalities.
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PMID:Anal canal adenocarcinoma. A report of 4 cases. 176 98

Streptococcus salivarius caused fulminant meningitis in an elderly patient. A gastrointestinal diagnostic workup revealed an asymptomatic colonic adenocarcinoma. This first reported instance of S salivarius sepsis associated with a colonic neoplasm is not unexpected, since the organism is bacteriologically similar to S bovis, the prime bacterial indicator of occult malignancy. Exact speciation of streptococcal strains is fraught with technical difficulties, and gastrointestinal investigation may be warranted in an expanded variety of streptococcal infections.
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PMID:Streptococcus salivarius meningitis and colonic carcinoma. 188 65

From 1973 to 1986, 160 patients with adenocarcinoma localized to the prostate were treated with radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. In 78 (49%) patients more advanced stage of disease was found at surgery and they received local pelvic irradiation (RT). This consisted of 45 Gy for microscopic and 55 Gy for macroscopic residual disease. RT was given at 1.8 Gy a day, using the four-field "box" technique with the 23 MV X ray beam. Pelvic lymph node metastases were found in 28 (36%) patients who, in addition to RT, received systemic therapy: 20 with cyclophosphamide alone, 4 combined with 5-Fluorouracil, and 4 patients received DES. The 5- and 10-year overall actuarial survival was 95 and 77%, respectively, and the 5- and 10-year disease-free survival was 58 and 43%, respectively. Recurrent tumor was found in 34 (44%) patients. Of these 34 patients, 32 (94%) had distant metastatic tumor and 2 (6%) had local recurrence in the pelvis. The presence of metastatic disease in pelvic lymph nodes had clinical significance since it influenced disease-free survival and the incidence of tumor recurrence. The 10-year disease-free survival for the 50 patients with no lymph node metastases was 51%, as compared to 28% for the 28 patients with such metastases, p = 0.001. Similarly, recurrent tumor was found in 28% of the former and 68% of the latter patients, p = 0.002. Other important parameters predicting recurrence were: clinical stage, p = 0.018, histological grade, p = 0.013, and Gleason's grade, p = 0.002. This treatment program was very well tolerated and of low toxicity. There was no surgical mortality. Surgical complications were seen in 10 (13%) patients including: minor in 5 and major in 5. At 1 year, 77% of the patients remained continent, while 10% had mild stress incontinence. Of the remaining 13% only 3 (4%) patients had severe incontinence (greater than 5 pads daily). RT toxicity was mild with 38% experiencing diarrhea. Severe toxicity was seen in 2 (3%) patients who, early in the study, developed scrotal and lower extremity edema. Severe chemotherapy complications were seen in 1 (4%) patient who had severe neutropenic sepsis. Postoperative radiotherapy is a well tolerated, safe and effective treatment in patients who have microscopic or macroscopic residual tumor following radical prostatectomy.
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PMID:Radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy in patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. 191 24

Four hundred fifteen patients with early-stage cervical carcinoma were explored via a transperitoneal approach for radical hysterectomy at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania between January 1, 1960, and December 31, 1985. Twenty-four of these patients were found to have histologic documentation of para-aortic lymph node metastases. Twenty-one patients (88%) were treated primarily with extended-field radiotherapy. Forty-eight percent of these patients have survived greater than 5 years from diagnosis. Six patients have been followed more than 10 years after initial treatment. All six are alive although one patient has recurrent disease that was diagnosed at 164 months. Patients with adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma had a survival significantly lower than that of those with squamous cell cancers (p = 0.022). Complications included one treatment-related death from multiple fistulas and sepsis, one vesicovaginal fistula, two enteric fistulas, and two small bowel obstructions. The major morbidity rate was 19%. Extended-field radiation is effective therapy for para-aortic nodal metastasis associated with early-stage squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix but carries a considerable morbidity rate. Other modalities such as combined chemotherapy and radiation may be necessary for adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Extended-field radiation therapy in early-stage cervical carcinoma: survival and complications. 195 88

This study evaluated combined 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and doxorubicin as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for patients who had undergone potentially curative resection of a primary gastric adenocarcinoma. One hundred twenty-five eligible and evaluable patients were stratified according to extent of surgical resection, location of the primary tumor within the stomach, and lymph node status. They were then randomized to either receive three cycles of chemotherapy or be observed. The median time from patient entry was 7 years. Results showed no significant difference in time to recurrence. The 5-year survival rate was 33% for the observation arm and 32% for the adjuvant therapy arm. The data excluded a 16% improvement in the 5-year survival rate for patients receiving chemotherapy with a P value less than 0.05. There were two drug-related fatalities due to sepsis. These results demonstrate no substantive benefit for this chemotherapy regimen as postoperative adjuvant treatment of resected gastric cancer.
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PMID:A prospective, randomized evaluation of intensive-course 5-fluorouracil plus doxorubicin as surgical adjuvant chemotherapy for resected gastric cancer. 201 45

A case is presented of a 57-year-old male patient who underwent total gastrectomy due to gastric adenocarcinoma. During the postoperative period the patient required long-term parenteral nutrition due to a high-debit GI fistula (over 700 ml/day) and sepsis. Two months after parenteral nutrition was started, the patients presented irritability, mucocutaneous lesions and progressive bolding. Serum alkaline phosphatase and zinc levels were lower than normal, although a supplemental 0.03 mg/k/day of zinc was administered. Faced with this zinc deficiency picture, 10 mg zinc sulfate was administered parenterally on a daily basis. The deficiency picture improved markedly over a week's period, and serum zinc and alkaline phosphatase levels returned to normal. The importance of zinc balance control in patients under long-term parenteral nutrition and high fluid debit through GI fistulas is highlighted.
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PMID:[Zinc deficiency caused by postgastrectomy fistula with high flow in a patient undergoing prolonged parenteral nutrition]. 212 25

Several reports have documented favorable results for abdominal rectal resection with coloanal anastomosis for adenocarcinoma of the rectum, though selection and the low number of patients make it difficult to compare the new restorative procedures with abdominoperineal excision. In a personal series of 35 patients treated by abdomino-transsphincteric and abdominotransanal resection, operative mortality was 2.9% and the incidence of clinically relevant pelvic sepsis was 19%. Results with respect to local control were satisfactory: in Dukes stage C (n = 12) and D (n = 4) tumors, followed up for 6 months to 9 years (mean 2.7 years), the incidence of pelvic recurrence was 19%. 3 pelvic recurrences with Dukes stage A (n = 13) or B (n = 6) tumors were observed, possibly related to operative rectal perforation in one instance and to a narrow safety margin in another patient. From this experience, and from surgical anorectal anatomy demonstrating fusion between the visceral and the somatic tube at 5 cm from the anal verge, it is concluded that proctectomy with coloanal anastomosis is a safe procedure for mid-rectum adenocarcinoma, but that a majority of low-lying cancers (greater than or equal to 6 cm ab ano) must be treated by abdominoperineal excision.
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PMID:[Limitations to the preservation of continence in rectal carcinoma]. 219 Mar 7


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