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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Campylobacter infections occurring during pregnancy have been associated with spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, prematurity and neonatal sepsis, all ten Campylobacter jejuni infections diagnosed in the approximately 24,000 pregnant women attending a 520-bed hospital between January 1984 and December 1988 were reviewed. Nine women delivered healthy babies at term. In one case, Campylobacter infection at 28 weeks of gestation was associated with premature labour and delivery with subsequent neonatal sepsis and death. One other infant developed Campylobacter jejuni enterocolitis at 3 days of age. Although maternal Campylobacter jejuni infection tends to be mild and self-limited, there may be more serious complications for the fetus or neonate, especially if infection occurs before the third trimester of pregnancy.
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PMID:Campylobacter jejuni infection occurring during pregnancy. 231 19

In India, improvements in maternal health have lagged behind achievements in general health status. The maternal mortality rate is 500/100,000 live births, and most of these deaths are from preventable conditions such as toxemia, hemorrhage, anemia, sepsis, illegal abortion, and fetal malposition. Only a third of deliveries are attended by trained personnel, and high-risk pregnant women are not referred to appropriate facilities. 53% of pregnant women are not immunized, making neonatal tetanus a major contributor to infant mortality. Safe motherhood in India calls for a number of interventions in the health sector, including 1) the universal availability of trained medical personnel who can refer high-risk mothers and perform routine deliveries under aseptic conditions; 2) the provision of disposable delivery kits to all pregnant women; 3) the training of all members of the health delivery team to recognize high-risk mothers in the prenatal, intranatal, and postnatal periods; 4) the availability of graded expertise of manpower and logistics at the different levels of the health care system; 5) accessibility to pregnancy termination so as to avert deaths from illegal abortion; 6) strict monitoring and implementation of the National Nutritional-Anemia Prophylaxis Program; and 7) expansion of the Integrated Child Development Services Scheme into all areas of the country. The Child Development Scheme seeks to provide a high coverage of pregnant women with tetanus toxoid and folic acid tablets and to reduce the incidence of low birthweight and infant mortality. In India 94% of births proceed normally and do not require intervention. It is essential, however, that the remaining 6% of pregnancies be identified and given priority care.
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PMID:Promotion of safe motherhood in India. 235 44

One hundred seventy thousand first-trimester abortions were performed in three free-standing clinics of Planned Parenthood of New York City from 1971-1987. Seventy percent of the procedures were done under local anesthesia; the remainder under intravenous methohexital. No preoperative medications or routine postoperative antibiotics were given. High-risk patients were referred to a hospital. The clinics operated under uniform written guidelines. Experienced physicians performed the procedures. There were no deaths in this series of patients. One hundred twenty-one patients were hospitalized (0.71 per 1000) for suspected perforation, ectopic pregnancy, hemorrhage, sepsis, or recognized incomplete abortion. There was no major extirpative surgery performed. There were an additional 1438 minor complications (8.46 per 1000). Overall, there were 9.05 complications per 1000 abortions. The complication rates for procedures done under general anesthesia and local anesthesia were similar. We conclude that outpatient abortion on selected patients to the 14th week from the last menstrual period is a safe procedure.
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PMID:Complications of first-trimester abortion: a report of 170,000 cases. 223 28

Recent work by epidemiologists and microbiologists has uncovered several hitherto unrecognized food-borne bacterial pathogens of public health significance. One of these, Listeria monocytogenes, has attracted considerable attention because of two major cheese-related outbreaks of listeriosis that were characterized by cases of meningitis, abortion, and perinatal septicemia. Thus far, L. monocytogenes has been responsible for well over 300 reported cases of food-borne listeriosis, including about 100 deaths, and has cost the dairy industry alone more than 66 million dollars as a result of product recalls. The ability of L. monocytogenes to grow at refrigeration temperatures, coupled with appearance of the pathogen in raw and processed meats, as well as poultry, vegetables, and seafood, makes this bacterium a serious threat to susceptible consumers and to the entire food industry. Yersinia enterocolitica, another psychrotrophic food-borne pathogen of recent concern, was linked to several outbreaks of yersiniosis associated with consumption of both raw and pasteurized milk, as well as contaminated water. Food-borne infections involving Y. enterocolitica typically result in enterocolitis, which may be mistaken for acute appendicitis. Unfortunately, inadvertent removal of healthy appendixes from victims of food-borne yersiniosis is all too common. Although known for many years, Campylobacter jejuni has only recently been recognized as a food-borne pathogen and a leading cause of gastroenteritis in the United States. Notable outbreaks of campylobacteriosis linked to consumption of raw milk, cake icing, eggs, poultry, and beef have underscored the need for thorough cooking and proper handling of raw products.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:"New" food-borne pathogens of public health significance. 250 76

Clostridium perfringens is commonly present in the female genital tract. Uterine infection with this organism is a potentially fatal disease infrequently seen in obstetric practice. The manifestations of C. perfringens uterine infection are variable, ranging from endometritis to gas gangrene with fulminant septicemia. The usual precipitating event has been septic abortion, but such infections can also occur spontaneously in uterine tumors and after complicated deliveries requiring mechanical intervention. Diagnosis may be aided by radiologic techniques, and treatment involves high-dose penicillin and possibly surgery. We report two cases and review the clinical presentation and the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this disease.
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PMID:Postpartum uterine infection with Clostridium perfringens. 254 43

The Dialysis Centre at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital became operational in November 1981 and caters for acute haemodialysis, chronic maintenance haemodialysis and continuous arteriovenous haemofiltration. In the past 5 years, over 600 patients had presented out of whom 245 could be accommodated within the realities of available facilities and patients' financial status. Of the 245 patients, 25 were discharged against medical advice and five were transferred to hospitals abroad but did not survive. There were 117 patients in end-stage renal failure (ESRF), 75 males, 42 females, ratio M:F 1.8:1, age range 13-69 years, mean 37.5. There were 51 males and 47 females in acute renal failure (ARF), ratio 1.1:1, age range 13-76 years, mean age 32.3 (Table 1). All patients in ESRF had moderate to severe hypertension (diastolic pressure of greater than or equal to 120 mmHg or 22.1 kPa) and a creatinine clearance of less than or equal to 5 ml/min and about 75% had established cardiac decompensation. Full pertinent investigations were precluded or contra-indicated in most patients in ESRF because of late presentation. In only 13 patients was renal biopsy performed and the pathohistologies were end stage renal disease (8), chronic glomerulonephritis (4) and glomerulosclerosis (1). In ARF the cause of the renal damage was multifactorial in 66.7%, with sepsis being the direct cause of death in 60.0%. The commonest conditions were septicaemia (61.4%), nephrotoxin (17.2%), trauma (31.3%), septic abortion (33.3%) and toxaemia of pregnancy (29.0%) (Table 2). The dialysis associated complications which were encountered included shunt infection (7%), burst membrane (9%), suspected pyrogen reaction (5.6%) and femoral vein perforation (0.9%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Five years experience of haemodialysis at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital--November 1981 to November 1986. 255 Nov 60

Fifty-three women died from complications of illegally induced abortion over a 15-year period. Seventeen (32.2%) of them were under 20 years of age, while 28 (52.8%) were nulliparous. The abortion rate was 210/100,000 with an abortion mortality rate of 0.9/100,00 women. Also the abortion ratio was 73.4/1000 live-births while the abortion mortality ratio was 4.20/1000 abortions. Sepsis and hemorrhage were the two commonest avoidable causes of death, and preventable measures were discussed.
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PMID:A 15-year study of illegally induced abortion mortality at Ilorin, Nigeria. 256 32

Fertility and pregnancy outcome among 141 Nigerian women with uterine leiomyomas and 270 married gynaecological subjects matched for age and parity were studied. The preoperative spontaneous abortion incidence and fetal salvage among the 68 women in the study group who had previously been pregnant were 61.8% and 78.8%, respectively. Corresponding figures among women in the comparison group were 5.3% and 95.6%. Macroscopic evidence of pelvic sepsis was found at operation in 36.2% of all the women in the study group, and in 57.7% of those who complained additionally of infertility. The overall pregnancy rate following myomectomy was 37.9%, and 9.6% in those women whose presenting complaints included infertility. The mean operation-to-conception interval in the study group was 15.7 months. The fetal salvage increased to 93.5% in the women who conceived after myomectomy, and their incidence of abortion fell markedly, to 11%. Most of the deliveries (79%) in the women after myomectomy were by cesarean section. A reappearance of uterine leiomyomas occurred in 13.7% of the women. The relatively low incidence of pelvic sepsis in this series may partly be responsible for the finding of menorrhagia, rather than abdominal pain, as the commonest complaint of the women with leiomyoma.
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PMID:Fertility and fetal salvage among women with uterine leiomyomas in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. 257 94

Gynaecological infections range from vaginitis to septic shock. Postoperative infections are common sequelae of hysterectomy. Sexually transmitted infections start as vaginitis or rather as cervicitis. During pregnancy and delivery we find septic abortion, amnionitis, endometritis, wound infections, thrombophlebitis, sepsis, mastitis and urinary tract infections. In most infections cephalosporins are drugs of first choice because of their broad spectrum, their beta-lactamase stability and their lack of toxicity, which is especially important in pregnancy.
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PMID:Infections in gynaecology and obstetrics and cefotaxime. 261 36

The pattern of acute renal failure in third-world countries is changing albeit at a slower pace compared to that in developed countries. Of the 1862 patients with acute renal failure requiring dialysis between 1965 and 1986 in a north Indian centre, 60, 15 and 25 per cent were related to medical, obstetrical and surgical conditions respectively. Among the medical patients, diarrhoeal diseases which caused 23 per cent of the total number of cases of acute renal failure in the period 1965 to 1974 caused only 10 per cent in 1981 to 1986. In the same period, acute renal failure due to sepsis and drugs increased while that due to copper sulphate poisoning and intravascular haemolysis showed a downward trend. Obstetrical acute renal failure declined from 22 per cent in 1965 to 1974 to 9 per cent during the period 1981 to 1986. This decline was chiefly due to a fall in cases of septic abortion, puerperal sepsis and postpartum haemorrhage. Surgical acute renal failure increased from 11 per cent during the period 1965 to 1974 to 31 per cent in the 1980s, predominantly due to an increase in patients with obstructive uropathy. Despite these favourable trends, the pattern of acute renal failure in the third world continues to be different from that in the developed countries.
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PMID:Changing trends in acute renal failure in third-world countries--Chandigarh study. 261 33


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