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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new dipole tracing method, based on a realistic head model, was used to determine dipole locations and vector moments of interictal convexity sharp waves recorded (with conventional EEG technique) from the right fronto-temporal region in a patient with partial complex seizures. When the dipole locations in the head model were compared to MRI scans, the majority of the sharp wave dipoles were found to be located in the right hippocampal area. For individual sharp waves, the hippocampal dipoles moved along tracks corresponding to the vector moment directions, suggesting that the electrical sources of the convexity sharp waves were somato-dendritic currents which spread rapidly from one neuron group to the next in the hippocampal area. Previous long-term subdural recording had shown seizure onset in this area. After right-sided anterior temporal lobectomy including the hippocampus the patient has been seizure-free for three months.
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PMID:Generator mechanisms of epileptic potentials analyzed by dipole tracing method. 219

We reported CT and MRI findings of heterotopic gray matter in two patients with intractable convulsive seizures. CT demonstrated space-occupying but non-expansive lesions isodense with the cortical gray matter adjacent to the body of the lateral ventricle. These lesions were not enhanced with contrast infusion. MRI was performed in one case in which the lesion was isointense with the cortical gray matter.
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PMID:[Convulsive seizures and heterotopic gray matter; report of two cases]. 220 4

Vascular lesions of the cerebral cortex sparing the thalamus (MRI or CT with reconstructions) may be accompanied by burning or constrictive pain which suggests thalamic pain as it affects one half of the body and is associated with induced pain. Summation hyperpathia is rare; allodynia is more common and sometimes isolated (2 cases). Cortical pain may be paroxysmal, and in 3 of our patients it progressed like a jacksonian seizure. The territory of pain is also the site of global or spinothalamic hypoaesthesia (5 cases). Early SEPs are abolished or of low amplitude (8 cases). The lesion is located in area SI or extends to the thalamo-parietal radiations; in 11 out of 12 patients it was located in the minor hemisphere. Two physiopathological theories are discussed: hyperactivity of the intralaminar thalamus relieved from cortical inhibition, or denervation hyperactivity related to the cortical or subcortical lesion.
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PMID:[Cortical pain. Clinical, electrophysiologic and topographic study of 12 cases]. 220 86

Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is probably the most common symptomatic pathologic entity--alone or mixed with other pathologic features--for seizures of temporal lobe origin. The pathophysiology of MTS, including any genetic influence, needs clarification. A characteristic ictal expression for seizures of MTS origin appears not to exist. The majority of patients (78%) with postresection MTS who are seizure-free have tightly localized interictal abnormalities restricted to F7/F8, Sp1/Sp2, T3/T4, and T5/T6 more than 96% of the time. MRI abnormalities may be seen in 55% of patients with MTS if both "hard" and "soft" criteria are used or in 20% when only "hard" criteria are used. The neuropsychologic evaluation of patients with MTS, which includes intracarotid amobarbital test (IAT), may prove to be increasingly useful in identifying patterns of cognitive deficit that correlate with enhancement of both lateralizing and localizing preoperative information.
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PMID:Mesial temporal sclerosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. 222 72

A 15-year-old boy with non-T ALL in early 2nd remission was autografted using a regimen with busulphan 4 mg/kg/day, po, from day -9 to -6, and cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg/day, iv, from day -5 to -2. During busulphan administration he experienced a few generalized seizures, and starting on day 25 post ABMT he developed a progressively severe neurological symptomatology characterized by nystagmus, right VIth cranial nerve palsy, truncal ataxia and, finally, confusion and coma. MRI showed lesions in the periaqueductal gray matter, thalamus, mammillary bodies and putamen. Within 24 hours of treatment with thiamine he improved dramatically, but during the following weeks permanent neurologic damage with memory deficit, truncal ataxia and nystagmus became evident. To our knowledge this is the first case of Wernicke's encephalopathy reported after BMT. We suspect in this case a contribution of busulphan to the development of the syndrome.
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PMID:Wernicke-like encephalopathy after autologous bone marrow transplantation. 222 27

We present the concept of an 'epileptic syndrome' which is important for prognostic statements and the application of appropriate therapeutic measures. We then discuss the epileptic seizure and the assessment of suspected seizure, indications for admission to a hospital, diagnostic measures (EEG, CT scan, laboratory tests, lumbal puncture, MRI scan, PET scan, angiography), therapy and procedures for imminent status epilepticus. Finally, we try to answer the question whether anticonvulsant medication should be instituted after a first epileptic seizure.
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PMID:[Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the initial epileptic seizure]. 223 63

I analyzed 18 cases of brain malformations detected by autopsy and five cases of lissencephaly diagnosed by CT scan or MRI. 1) Autopsy Cases Brain malformations were highly complicated, and many cases showed more than one type of brain malformation. Epileptic seizures were observed in 13 of 18 cases. In most cases, the seizures were characterized by infantile onset, a high incidence of tonic seizures and difficulties in controlling them. 2) Patients with Lissencephaly They all had severely retarded psychomotor development. Tonic seizures were observed in all the five patients, two of whom had a past history of infantile spasms. The EEG patterns of these patients were varied. It is thought that a relationship exists between the severity of CT or MRI findings and that of EEG findings.
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PMID:Special etiologies in the classification of epilepsy--with special reference to brain malformations. 225 20

4.5 months after successful kidney transplantation a Non-Hodgkin-lymphoma with polymorph centroblastic appearance of the tonsillar gland developed in a 21 years old male patient during immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine A and prednisone parallel to infection with Epstein Barr virus. Focal epileptic seizures occurred and were due to cerebral posttransplantation lymphomas as proven by brain biopsy. Reduction of immunosuppressive therapy led to complete remission as shown by CCT and MRI.
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PMID:[Regression of cerebral post-transplantation lymphoma under cyclosporin A reduction]. 228 May 83

Motor attacks induced by voluntary movements are infrequent. Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis (PKC) is rare and has only recently been individualized (Kertesz, 1967). We report the case of an 8 year-old boy who developed unilateral or bilateral attacks of abnormal, choreoathetotic movements during certain voluntary movements, especially when rising after a rest. The attacks were short (13 to 18 seconds) and frequent. Neurological examination was normal, as were the intelligence quotient, the inter-critical and critical EEG: CT and MRI. The patient's mother had suffered from the same disorder. The attacks disappeared during treatment with phenytoin but reappeared when it was stopped. This case is concordant with data from the literature, with male predominance, age from 6 to 15 years at the onset, shortness of the attacks (less than 1 minute in 80% of the cases) and normality of investigations in almost every patient. A familial factor has been found in 50% of the cases. The frequency of epilepsy in the family is above average. PKC can easily be distinguished from Mount and Reback' syndrome where the attacks are choreoathetotic but longer and unprovoked by movements and where there is also a familial factor. The relationship of PKC with epilepsy is asserted by some authors and denied by others, and in the literature the distinction between movement-induced tonic seizures and PKC is not always clear. Some authors have blamed a disturbance in the maturation of basal ganglia. To sum up, PKC is a very rare condition which is easy to diagnose, has a good prognosis and readily responds to antiepileptic drugs.
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PMID:[Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis: autonomic disease or reflex epilepsy?]. 207 24

Repeated paroxysmal oropharyngeal fits consisting of sialorrhea and speech arrest are described in a 5 year-4-month old patient. Investigations were initially oriented towards a laryngeal or a gastrointestinal disease. Electroencephalographic tracings showed repeated bilateral centrotemporal spikes-waves discharges which sometimes were associated with bilateral facial clonic contractions synchronous with anarthria and sialorrhea. Consciousness was preserved. Attacks were related with a cluster of fits of a partial epilepsy. Transient pseudo-bulbar palsy (anterior opercular syndrome) resulted from seizures: loss of identifiable speech, drooling with difficulties in swallowing, absence of palatal movements and of the gag reflex. Intellectual functions remained normal. Other investigations were all normal (CT scan, MRI, cytologic and immunological CSF studies). With common anticonvulsant drugs (Valproate and Carbamazepine) seizures resolved within a few weeks. These findings suggest that this particular epilepsy is an unusual type of benign partial epilepsy with centrotemporal (or Rolandic) spikes.
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PMID:[Dysphagia, speech disorders and centrotemporal spikes-waves]. 232 65


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