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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The author presents and discusses the anaesthetic implications of a four-month-old infant with Menkes' syndrome who required tracheostomy. Menkes' syndrome is an X-linked recessive disorder of copper absorption and metabolism. Defective processing of copper results in abnormalities of several enzyme systems leading to severe dysfunction of multiple organ systems. Due to the progressive nature of this disorder and its severe effects on several different organ systems, most importantly the central nervous system, these children frequently require anaesthetic care during imaging procedures such as MRI or during various surgical operations. The high prevalence of seizure disorders, gastroesophageal reflux with the risk of aspiration, and airway complications related to poor pharyngeal muscle control are of concern to the anaesthetist. In addition, defective collagen formation, similar to that seen in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, may be present. Identification of these associated conditions during the preoperative examination will guide the selection of appropriate, safe anaesthetic care for these children.
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PMID:Anaesthetic considerations in the child with Menkes' syndrome. 139 61

A 19-year-old female was admitted to hospital due to a schizophrenia-like psychosis of the paranoid type including delusions and various hallucinations. Neurologically she only showed tics of the eyebrows with increased eye blinking. 30 months before an astrocytoma located on the left basal temporal lobe had been resected after the patient suffered from several psychomotor and two grand mal seizures. Following post-operative anticonvulsant therapy seizures had completely disappeared and the patient had been free of symptoms of any kind. After the acute onset of the psychosis another follow-up MRI of the brain using coronary sections revealed a small relapse-tumor. Symptoms disappeared after high-dose neuroleptic therapy. Finally another surgical intervention led to a lasting remission of the psychotic symptomatology (so far 18 months). Postoperatively neuroleptics could be discontinued. Clinical picture and MRI findings will be discussed with a focus on possible etiological factors in schizophrenia.
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PMID:[Remission of schizophreniform psychosis after brain tumor surgery]. 141 83

A prospective study of 98 consecutive adults with a first seizure to determine the most important etiological factors and the optimum diagnostics. 27 were thought to have cryptogenic seizures. Main causes of symptomatic seizures were: cerebral infarction, alcohol-withdrawal, CNS infections, tumors, vascular malformations, traumatism and miscellanea. Eight were infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) representing 8.2% of all the patients with a first seizure and 20% of the 15-45-year age group. CT disclosed structural lesions in 33 cases. MRI in those with normal CT and no other explanation of seizure revealed additional lesions in 22.2%, but did not change management in any. We conclude that CT is essential in evaluation of adults with first seizure. MRI may be useful in selected cases. The HIV-infected now represent an important group with a first seizure.
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PMID:First seizure in adults: a prospective study from the emergency department. 141 22

We reported longitudinal cranial MRI studies of a neonate with tuberous sclerosis who presented convulsive seizures on the first day after birth. Cortical tubers were not detected on MRI performed at the age of 1 month, but became evident at 18 months after birth. This finding might reflect the pathological difference between the amount of myelin around the cortical tuber and other white matter lesions, which increased with age. A heterotopic islet was shown as partially stratiform appearance on MRI. This result suggests that the structure of the heterotopic islet might be heterogeneous.
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PMID:[Neonatal tuberous sclerosis: report of a case studied by cranial MRI]. 141 71

A pedigree of benign familial neonatal convulsions (BFNC) was reported. Seven members of two generations experienced convulsions in the neonatal period and/or in early infancy. All of these members except one had a good prognosis. One member who had infantile spasms was uneventfully delivered at 37 weeks of gestation, with a birth weight of 2,562 g and, without trouble during pregnancy. At the age of 20 days, she began to have adversive seizures. Later, she developed complex partial seizures and infantile spasms at 1 month and 10 days of age. Interictal EEG showed hypsarrhythmia. Biochemical investigations and MRI of the head revealed no abnormality. Treatment with sodium valproate and carbamazepine succeeded in stopping the seizures and she had no seizures after 3 months. But her psychomotor development was moderately delayed at 8 months. No case with severe epilepsy such as infantile spasms has been reported in the previous literature on BFNC. From our experience, early treatment and careful follow-up are considered to be important for BFNC.
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PMID:[Benign familial neonatal convulsions in a family with one member with infantile spasms]. 141 73

Cortical brain lesions were identified on MRI and CT in 14 patients with a variety of diseases. Each of these patients developed neurologic symptoms, the most prominent of which were seizures, depressed mental status, and blurred vision or cortical blindness. Both the imaging and the neurologic abnormalities resolved spontaneously within a period ranging from 5 to 30 days. Due to location and evolution of the lesions over time we hypothesize that they are secondary to small cortical venous thromboses.
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PMID:Intravascular thrombosis as a possible cause of transient cortical brain lesions: CT and MRI. 143 Apr 29

The omission of invasive long-term monitoring before surgical resection in patients with epilepsy should be permitted only for those in whom the epileptogenic focus is presumed to localize unilaterally in the mesial aspect of the temporal lobe. The localization may well be confirmed through noninvasive measures. Retrospective analyses of data obtained from noninvasive investigations (scalp-recorded and sphenoidal EEGs, neuroimages, and electroclinical seizure manifestations) were carried out in 58 patients. The localization of their epileptogenic focus was subsequently confirmed by the implantation of both intracerebral and subdural electrodes; the focus had an amygdalohippocampal origin in 41 patients and a lateral temporal origin in 17 patients. From the comparison of noninvasive findings between these two groups, we propose the following indispensable conditions for omitting an invasive evaluation: 1. Appearance of focal epileptic discharges unilaterally in the sphenoidal lead observed during the simple phase of partial seizures, or unilateral discharges with predominancy in the sphenoidal lead during the early phase of complex partial seizures. 2. Interictal spikes on scalp-recorded EEGs localizing unilaterally in the anterior region of the temporal lobe, and if bilaterally independent, presenting with unilateral predominancy in a ratio of greater than 4:1. 3. Presence of autonomic signs in the initial phase of signal symptoms. 4. Neuroimaging findings in the mesial temporal region: elongated T2 on MRI and hippocampal atrophy, or a tumorous lesion. The lateralization conforms to interictal and ictal paroxysmal EEG findings. There were 8 patients with seizure of amygdalohippocampal origin who satisfied all the indispensable condition, but not a single patient with seizures of lateral temporal origin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Conditions for omitting invasive long-term monitoring before surgical resection in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. 143 55

Fourteen candidates for ablative seizure surgery underwent CT-guided, computer-assisted stereotactic depth electrode implantation and 21 underwent MRI-guided, computer-assisted implantation. A hand-held computer with no graphic capability was used for CT-guided procedures. A computer work station which included a high-resolution color graphics terminal with touchscreen interfacing and software capable of simulating targets and trajectories in single or multiple views was used for MRI-guided procedures. Previous phantom studies done with a 1.5-tesla MR scanner suggested acceptable localization error. Localizing information was obtained in 10 (71.4%) of 14 of the CT-guided implants and in 16 (76.2%) of 21 of MRI-guided cases. In the CT group, 7 (70%) were seizure-free and 8 (80%) were greater than 90% improved at 1 year follow-up. In the MRI group, 8 (80%) were seizure-free and 9 (90%) were greater than 90% improved at latest follow-up.
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PMID:Comparison of CT- versus MRI-guided, computer-assisted depth electrode implantation. 143 39

The Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe epileptic disorder, characterized by developmental delay, typical electroencephalographic pattern and poor control of seizures. This epileptic syndrome generally presents in early childhood but exceptionally starts at the age of 5 years or later. We describe a patient who was classified as late-onset LGS, with evidence of mild hydrocephalus on CT. MRI added new diagnostic information by demonstrating laminar heterotopic grey matter.
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PMID:Laminar heterotopic grey matter (double cortex) in a patient with late onset Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. 144 56

A case of cystic falx meningioma in the frontal region in which preoperative neuroradiologic diagnosis was difficult is reported. This 33-year-old man had suffered from epileptic seizures three times in one month. Physical and neurological examinations on admission were normal. A cystic mass with a small nodule was found on CT in the frontal region. Thin wall was enhanced smoothly and the nodule attached to the falx was enhanced heterogeneously. The mass was considered to be an extra-axial lesion on MRI. The right anterior falcine artery seemed to feed the mass. Bifrontal craniotomy was performed. Cyst was evacuated, and a soft reddish mass was subtotally removed. Cyst fluid was yellowish and protein content was 3.5 g/dl. Histopathological diagnosis was a meningotheliomatous meningioma and tumor cells were present also in the thin cyst wall. At the second operation the mass was completely removed, cyst wall inclusive. When we encounter a cystic mass in the sites of predilection of meningiomas, we have to consider the possibility of a cystic meningioma. If the mass has meningeal vascularization, a correct diagnosis is not difficult. Taking the location of the mass into consideration, an accurate interpretation of CT and MRI findings indicating extra-axial nature of the mass is indispensable.
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PMID:[Cystic falx meningioma: report of a case with difficulty in radiologic diagnosis]. 144 4


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