Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It is well known that some hydrazone derivatives of both 2-oxobenzoxazoline and 2-oxobenzothiazoline exhibit potent anticonvulsant activity. In order to investigate the effects of structural modifications on the biological properties, 14 new hydrazones of 5-chloro-2(3H)-benzox-azolinone-3-acetyl hydrazide were synthesized. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were established by IR, 1H-NMR spectral analyses and elementary analyses. The anticonvulsant activities of the title compounds were tested by the penthylenetetrazole induced seizure test. 5-Chloro-2(3H)-benz-oxazolinone-3-acetyl-2-(o-methoxy-benzaldehyde)-hydrazone 4d, 5-chloro-2(3H)-benzoxazolinone-3-acetyl-2-(o-methybenzaldehyde)-hydrazone 4g, 5-chloro-2(3H)-benzoxazolinone-3-acetyl-2-(p-methylbenzaldehyde)-hydrazone 4h, 5-chloro-2(3H)-benzoxazolino-ne-3-acetyl-2-(p-nitrobenzaldehyde)-hydrazone 4m, and 5-chloro-2(3H)-benzox-azolinone-3-acetyl-2-(p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde)-hydrazone 4n were found more active than phenytoin (CAS 57-41-0) in the tests.
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PMID:Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of 5-chloro-2(3H)-benzoxazolinone-3-acetyl-2-(o/p-substituted benzal) hydrazone derivatives. 1913 3

Deficits of cognitive functions are perceived as an important pathogenic factor of many neurological and psychiatric diseases. Such symptoms can be a result of a disease process or appear due to applied medication. Epilepsy is a disease in which cognitive deficits can occur before first seizures, during seizures and remissions. Valproic acid (VAL, CAS 77372-61-3) is a medicine applied in order to control epileptic seizures and mood stabilizing in bipolar disorders and mania. Its activity is related to the effect on neurotransmission of many systems. The present study was conducted to investigate whether enriched environment (EE) conditions affect learning and memory, and influence the antidepressant effect in rats. VAL improves spatial memory upon repeated administration both in the rats housed in standard conditions (SC) (after 21 days of treatment) and those housed in enriched environment (as early as after 14 days of treatment). VAL has an antidepressant effect on the forced swimming test both in the rats housed in standard conditions and those housed in EE. In rats housed in EE, the antidepressant effect occurred much earlier (as early as after 7 days ofVAL administration). It is worth noting that VAL has a low profile of adverse effects (Activity Meter, chimney test). The correlations observed may be translated into clinical effects, leading to new, more effective VAL therapies in depression or memory disorders in patients with underlying epilepsy.
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PMID:Effect of valproic acid and environmental enrichment on behavioral functions in rats. 2086 2

The present study was designed to examine the potential preventive effect of curcumin (CMN; CAS 458-37-7), rosiglitazone (RGN; CAS 155141-29-0), N-acetylcysteine (NAC; CAS 616-91-1), resveratrol (RSV; CAS 501-36-0), and losartan (LOS; CAS 114798-26-4) on sodium valproate-induced hepatotoxicity. Sodium valproate (SVP; CAS 1069-66-5) was given at a dose of 250 mg/kg i. p. 3 times daily for one week. The tested compounds were given simultaneously with SVP for one week. The results demonstrate that CMN, RGN and NAC treatment can confer protection from SVP-induced hepatotoxicity. The second part of the study includes an evaluation of the effect of CMN, RGN and NAC on the anticonvulsant activity of SVP against pentetrazole-induced seizures in mice. The results demonstrate that CMN, RGN and NAC do not affect the anticonvulsant activity of SVP. Combined administration of either of CMN, RGN and NAC with valproate appears to be beneficial in reducing valproate-induced hepatotoxicity.
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PMID:Prevention of sodium valproate-induced hepatotoxicity by curcumin, rosiglitazone and N-acetylcysteine in rats. 2117 36

Organisms are known to be equipped with an adaptive plasticity as the phenotype of traits in response to the imposed environmental challenges as they grow and develop. In this study, the effects of extreme changes in oxygen availability and atmospheric pressure on physiological phenotypes of Drosophila melanogaster were investigated to explore adaptation mechanisms. The changes in citrate synthase activity (CSA), lifespan, and behavioral function in different atmospheric conditions were evaluated. In the CAS test, hyperoxia significantly increased CSA; both hypoxia and hyperbaric conditions caused a significant decrease in CSA. In the survivorship test, all changed atmospheric conditions caused a significant reduction in lifespan. The lifespan reduced more after hypoxia exposure than after hyperbaria exposure. In behavioral function test, when mechanical agitation was conducted, bang-sensitive flies showed a stereotypical sequence of initial muscle spasm, paralysis, and recovery. The percentage of individuals that displayed paralysis or seizure was measured on the following day and after 2 weeks from each exposure. The majority of flies showed seizure behavior 15 days after exposure, especially after 3 h of exposure. The percentage of individuals that did not undergo paralysis or seizure and was able to move in the vial, was also tested. The number of flies that moved and raised the higher level of the vial decreased after exposure. Animal's speed decreased significantly 15 days after exposure to extreme environmental conditions. In summary, the alteration of oxygen availability and atmospheric pressure may lead to significant changes in mitochondria mass, lifespan, and behavioral function in D. melanogaster.
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PMID:Effects of oxygen concentration and pressure on Drosophila melanogaster: oxidative stress, mitochondrial activity, and survivorship. 2552 52


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