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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The behavioural and anticonvulsant effects of eight pyrroloimidazopyridines (PI1a-d and PI2a-d) and four pyrrolopurines (PP) were studied after intraperitoneal administration in DBA/2 mice, a strain genetically susceptible to sound-induced seizures. 2. The anticonvulsant effects were evaluated in DBA/2 mice on seizures evoked by means of auditory stimulation (109 dB, 12-16 kHz) in animals placed singly under a perspex dome. 3. Hypothermic activity was observed after the highest doses of the pyrroloderivatives studied. 4. Our study demonstrated that the anticonvulsant effect of pyrroloimidazopyridines (PI1-7,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-6H-pyrrolo-[1',2':1,2]imidazo[4,5-b]pyrid in-6- ones) and pyrrolopurines (PP) was generally better than corresponding pyrrolobenzimidazoles (PB) and pyrroloimidazopyridines (PI2-5,5a,6,7-tetrahydro-8H-pyrrolo[2',1':2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-8- ones) and, in some cases, comparable to that of phenytoin and desmethylclobazam. 5. The anticonvulsant potency of the derivatives studied cannot be directly related to their lipophilicity.
Gen Pharmacol 1994 Sep
PMID:Anticonvulsant activity of pyrrolo[1',2':1,2]imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines, pyrrolo[2',1':2,3]imidazo[4,5-c] pyridines and pyrrolo[2,1-f]purines in DBA/2 mice. 783 20

1. The effects of some GABAergic and dopaminergic agents on pyrimethamine-induced tonic seizures were investigated in mice. 2. Pyrimethamine dose dependently induced seizures in mice. 3. Muscimol, AOAA and DABA significantly protected mice against pyrimethamine-induced seizures. 4. Bicuculline and picrotoxin effectively potentiated seizures elicited by pyrimethamine and significantly antagonized the protective effect of muscimol against the seizures. 5. Diazepam and phenobarbitone effectively protected mice against seizures elicited by pyrimethamine. 6. L-Dopa significantly potentiated pyrimethamine-induced seizures. 7. Apomorphine and pargyline significantly reduced the latency of seizures induced by pyrimethamine. 8. Haloperidol and pimozide effectively protected mice against pyrimethamine-elicited seizures and also significantly antagonized the potentiating effects of apomorphine and L-dopa on the seizures. 9. Disulfiram significantly potentiated seizures induced by pyrimethamine and also significantly enhanced the seizure-potentiating effect of L-dopa. 10. alpha-Methyl-p-tyrosine effectively protected against seizures induced by pyrimethamine. However, L-dopa significantly potentiated the seizures in alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine-pretreated animals. 11. Muscimol significantly attenuated the potentiating effect of L-dopa on pyrimethamine-induced seizures while bicuculline significantly enhanced the effect of L-dopa. Furthermore, haloperidol significantly potentiated the protective effect of muscimol against pyrimethamine-induced seizures. 12. These results suggest that both GABA and dopamine might be involved in the mechanism(s) of pyrimethamine seizures in mice.
Gen Pharmacol 1994 Oct
PMID:GABAergic and dopaminergic systems may be involved in seizures induced by pyrimethamine in mice. 787 56

1. The behavioural and convulsant effects of imipenem, a carbapenem derivative, were studied after i.p. administration in DBA/2 mice, a strain genetically susceptible to sound-induced seizures and in Swiss mice. 2. It was found that DBA/2 mice were more susceptible to seizures induced by imipenem than Swiss mice. 3. The proconvulsant effects of some quinolones were also evaluated in DBA/2 mice on seizures evoked by means of i.p. administration of imipenem. The present study demonstrated that the order of proconvulsant activity in our epileptic model was pefloxacin > enoxacin > ofloxacin > nalidixic acid > rufloxacin > norfloxacin > ciprofloxacin > cinoxacin > temafloxacin. 4. The relationship between the chemical structure and the proconvulsant activity of quinolone derivatives was studied. The relationship between the lipophilicity and the proconvulsant activity was also investigated. 5. Although the main mechanism for seizure potentiation cannot be easily determined potential drug interactions exist. It has been reported that imipenem and quinolones are all believed to increase excitation of the central nervous system by inhibition of GABA binding to receptors. 6. A slow clearance from the central nervous system and from the kidney may also occur following the concomitant administration of some quinolones and imipenem.
Gen Pharmacol 1994 Mar
PMID:Effects of some quinolones on imipenem-induced seizures in DBA/2 mice. 802 38

Lilliputian hallucinations have been described in patients with delirium, schizophrenia, seizure disorders, visual disturbances, and brain tumors. The authors report two cases of patients with lilliputian hallucinations, one with AIDS-dementia complex and the other with dementia following head trauma. This is the first time that lilliputian hallucinations have been described in association with such medical conditions.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1994 Mar
PMID:Lilliputian hallucinations and medical illness. 803 94

1. The effects of some anticonvulsant drugs against seizures induced by a combined treatment with aminophylline and quinolone in genetically epilepsy-prone rat have been investigated. 2. Animals were intraperitoneally pretreated with carbamazepine, diazepam, phenobarbital, CPPene and dizocilpine or saline and 15 min later administered orally with 51.86 mumol/kg b. wt of either cinoxacin or ciprofloxacin. 60 min after quinolones, rats received intraperitoneally aminophylline (100, 120, 140, 160 or 180 mg/kg b. wt). 3. Ciprofloxacin showed to be more effective than cinoxacin in potentiating the aminophylline convulsant effects. 4. Neither carbamazepine nor diazepam and phenobarbital, at the lowest dose used, elicited any effect in reducing the aminophylline-induced seizures in both cinoxacin- and ciprofloxacin-treated animals. Whereas, diazepam and phenobarbital when administered i.p. at 2.5 and 60 mg/kg b. wt respectively demonstrated protective properties. 5. CPPene and dizocilpine, two excitatory amino acid antagonists, were both very effective in antagonizing the seizures produced by concomitant treatment with cinoxacin or ciprofloxacin plus aminophylline. 6. The present results suggest an involvement of the excitatory amino acid receptors in mediating the seizures induced by the combined treatment with quinolones and aminophylline.
Gen Pharmacol 1993 Nov
PMID:Only some anticonvulsants protect against seizures induced by aminophylline in quinolone-treated genetically epilepsy prone rats. 811 11

Microinjections of the neuroexcitotoxin, domoic acid (DOM), in the ipsilateral rat hippocampal CA-3 region, induced generalized electrical seizure discharge activity, characterized by spikes and waves, followed by intermittent burst discharges. Computerized EEG analysis exhibited relative dominance of delta and theta and reductions in alpha and beta activities during domoic acid epileptogenesis. Seizure discharge activity was attenuated by the microinjection of the 5-HT1A agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino)tetralin(8-(OH)-DPAT) and augmented by the specific 5-HT1A antagonist, spiroxatrine in the contralateral hippocampal CA-3 region. Neuronal recovery following 8-(OH)-DPAT was associated with significant reductions in the relative dominance of delta and theta and increases in the alpha and beta activities. The results suggest that activation of serotonergic 5-HT1A receptor in the hippocampus has a neuroprotective action.
J Neural Transm Gen Sect 1993
PMID:Suppression of domoic acid induced seizures by 8-(OH)-DPAT. 821 55

1. The behavioural and anticonvulsant effects of several thiazolo[3,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepines (TBZ) were studied after intraperitoneal administration in DBA/2 mice, a strain genetically susceptible to sound-induced seizures. 2. Anticonvulsant effects on seizures evoked by means of auditory stimulation (109 dB, 12-16 kHz) were evaluated in DBA/2 mice placed singly under a perspex dome. 3. Hypothermic activity was observed after the highest doses of the benzodiazepines studied. 4. In addition, some TBZ were examined for anticonvulsant properties with respect to clonus induced by pentylenetetrazol. 5. Our study demonstrated that some thiazolobenzodiazepine derivatives were more potent than clobazam, desmethylclobazam and chlordiazepoxide, and less potent than diazepam, desmethyldiazepam and alprazolam. 6. In the series of tricyclic benzodiazepines, thiazole nucleus fusion to the "d" edge of the 7-membered ring results in an effective increase of the energy barrier for the heptatomic system reversal, and is probably responsible for, jointly with the lack of C=N double bonds, lower activity with respect to the 1,4-benzodiazepine precursors. 7. The potency of various thiazolobenzodiazepine derivatives as inhibitors of specific [3H]flunitrazepam binding to membranes from cerebellum or hippocampus was evaluated. 8. All tested compounds produced concentration-dependent inhibition of [3H]flunitrazepam binding. 9. The pharmacological activity of TBZ2, the most active compound of this series, was significantly reduced by treatment with flumazenil (2.5 mg/kg i.p.), suggesting clear involvement of a benzodiazepine mechanism in the anticonvulsant activity of these compounds.
Gen Pharmacol 1993 Jul
PMID:Molecular requirement for anticonvulsant activity in a series of thiazolo-1,4-benzodiazepine derivatives and comparison with classical benzodiazepines. 822 43

The aim of this study was to examine epilepsy sufferers' attitudes to and knowledge of their condition, the effect of epilepsy on their lives and their views on the management they had received, and to compare knowledge and attitudes with those of a control group of non-sufferers. A questionnaire was completed by 29 patients with epilepsy and 32 control group subjects from two general practices. It was found that people with epilepsy knew little more than those without epilepsy regarding the nature of the condition, its aetiology and seizure precipitants. Those with epilepsy were concerned about the seizures and the effect these had on various aspects of their lives, and were concerned about long-term side effects of anti-epileptic medication. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to educational achievement, employment record and social activities. The findings are discussed and suggestions put forward for improving the care offered to epilepsy sufferers by both general practitioners and hospital clinics.
Br J Gen Pract 1993 Nov
PMID:Epilepsy: a general practice study of knowledge and attitudes among sufferers and non-sufferers. 829 16

Two separate methods of preventing post-ECT emergence agitation are increasing the succinylcholine dose to about 1.1 mg/kg and adding a methohexital bolus of about 0.67 mg/kg immediately at seizure end. These methods can work separately and additively without any expectation of diminishing treatment efficacy. A relevant case is described.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1993 Sep
PMID:ECT emergence agitation and methohexital-succinylcholine interaction. Case report. 830 49

We reviewed charts of 28 consecutive depressed psychiatric inpatients who had received electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). As a preliminary investigation, we compared the effects of thiopental and etomidate anesthesia on seizure duration. Etomidate, a nonbarbiturate, has been shown to enhance seizure activity in other contexts. The mean age of our sample was 64 years. Because each patient received both etomidate and thiopental at various sessions during their course of ECT, each patient served as his or her own control. The mean proportion of etomidate sessions per patient was 54%. Mean seizure durations were significantly longer (p < 0.001) for the etomidate sessions as compared with the thiopental sessions. In contrast to some prior reports we found that the use of etomidate anesthesia in our sample of 28 consecutive inpatients enhanced seizure duration in ECT. Although controversial, some have advocated that longer seizure times will enhance effectiveness of ECT. We could not compare the anesthetic agents' clinical efficacy in relieving depression due to the retrospective nature of our study.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1993 Mar
PMID:Etomidate anesthesia increases seizure duration during ECT. A retrospective study. 847 38


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