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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Poisoning is an uncommon manifestation of child abuse. The intentional administration of water to a child as a form of punishment has rarely been reported as the responsible substance among children who have been poisoned. We describe a case of a 5-year-old girl presenting with severe hyponatremia due to acute water intoxication. The patient was brought to the emergency room in status epilepticus. A history was obtained from the child's mother stating that the patient had been playing outside when she collapsed. She had had no known prior illnesses. Laboratory evaluation included a hemoglobin of 10.1 mg%, glucose of 60 mg%, serum sodium of 107 mEq/l, potassium of 3.2 mEq/l and chloride of 71 mEq/l. A CAT scan obtained approximately 1 h after admission revealed generalized cerebral edema. Careful examination of the skin revealed multiple linear ecchymosis of varying ages on the back and thighs and a hand print on the right flank. In addition, the child demonstrated severe failure to thrive with height, weight and bone age compatible with a 2.5-year-old girl. Appropriate therapy for severe hyponatremia was successfully instituted. For the next 12 h she was deeply somnolent, but the following morning was alert and conversant. She stated that she "would be good if she didn't have to drink any more water". The child's mother subsequently admitted that she frequently used water ingestion as a form of punishment. The child stabilized metabolically and demonstrated rapid in-hospital weight gain. She was placed in foster care at discharge and has had no further hyponatremia or seizures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hyponatremic seizures as a presenting symptom of child abuse. 395 93

In select kindreds afflicted with familial idiopathic epilepsy, most individuals suffering seizures also have low levels of the plasma hemoglobin-binding protein, haptoglobin. This hypohaptoglobinemia may be causally associated with a tendency to develop epilepsy. Our experimental results indicate that artificially-induced hypohaptoglobinemia in mice causes retarded clearance of free hemoglobin from the central nervous system, and that such free hemoglobin may engender the peroxidation of brain lipids. We hypothesize that hypohaptoglobinemia, either inherited, or acquired via traumatic processes, may prevent efficient clearance of interstitial hemoglobin from the central nervous system, thereby predisposing these people to encephalic inflammation and the appearance of seizure disorders.
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PMID:Hypohaptoglobinemia associated with familial epilepsy. 398 Oct 86

Generalized epileptiform seizures developed in a 23-year-old patient with beta-thalassemia-hemoglobin E. A computed tomographic scan suggested an intracranial mass. Surgery disclosed an extramedullary hematopoietic mass compressing the brain. Removal of the mass followed by irradiation of the area resulted in disappearance of the convulsions.
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PMID:Intracranial extramedullary hematopoiesis inducing epilepsy in a patient with beta-thalassemia--hemoglobin E. 398 37

The importance of cerebral blood volume (CBV) as a physiological parameter has been well recognized, especially in its relation to the intracranial pressure (ICP). Although various methods have been applied to measure CBV, several problems and difficulties still remain to be settled. In the present study, noninvasive monitoring of CBV on the cortical surface was done with organ reflectance spectrophotometry. Through the cranial window, the cat brain was illuminated by the white light via optical fibers and reflected light was analized by spectrophotometer equipped with microcomputer and image-sensor (Sumitomo Elec. Co., Spectrum analyzer TS-200), which enables to estimate CBV on real time as the absorbance value at the isobestic point of the spectral curve of hemoglobin (Hb). In order to ascertain the reliability and reproducibility, the change of CBV was examined by 5% & 10% CO2 inhalation, 5% O2 inhalation and bilateral jugular vein occlusion. A linear correlation was found between PaCO2 and Hb absorbance value on CO2 inhalation. By the bilateral jugular vein occlusion, Hb increased concomitantly with ICP, while cerebral blood flow (CBF) decreased. On 5% O2 inhalation, absorbance spectral pattern of tissue Hb changed from that of oxy-Hb to deoxy-Hb without change of absorbance value at the isobestic point. Thus, the Hb absorbance value obtained by this spectrophotometer was considered to be reliable for the estimation of CBV on the cortical surface. Using this, the change of CBV was examined on the drug-induced seizure and post-decompression state after sustained intracranial hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Continuous monitoring of cerebral blood volume in cats using a reflectance spectrophotometer]. 400 77

When infant rhesus monkeys were exposed to lead via the addition of lead acetate (0.5-9 mg/kg body weight) to their formula or by the consumption of lead particles from lead-based surrogate mothers, they developed symptoms of lead intoxication within 6 weeks. Seizures, muscular tremors, and altered social interaction were the predominant changes. Visual impairment was also apparent in the more severely affected animals. In the animals showing obvious symptoms lead levels varied between 300 to 500 mug/100 ml of blood. Even in those animals having blood lead levels below 100 mug, hyperactivity and insomnia were observed. When the exposure to lead was eliminated, seizures subsided and visual impairment was reduced; however, the abnormal social interaction persisted. These animals also experienced a gradual decline in hematocrit and hemoglobin values during the period of examination. Liver and kidney biopsies obtained from these lead-exposed animals revealed characteristic intranuclear inclusions.When adolescent and adult monkeys were exposed to doses of lead acetate similar to those employed in the infant experiments, lead levels in excess of 200 mug/100 ml of blood were recorded. However, there were no obvious behavioral abnormalities observed. There were, however, numerous lead inclusion bodies in kidney biopsy specimens from these animals. These data suggest that, like man, the infant nonhuman primate is much more susceptible to lead intoxication than is the adult. The clinical and behavioral changes recorded in these infant rhesus monkeys suggest their use as an experimental model to evaluate lead intoxication.
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PMID:Pathobiological and behavioral effects of lead intoxication in the infant rhesus monkey. 420 58

Ringed turtle doves (Streptopelia risoria) were dosed with 0 (N = 3) or 4 X 110 mg lead shot (N = 7) and were held at temperatures of 6 degrees C (+/- 1) for 7 days beginning 48 hr after lead shot dosing. Doves given 0 (N = 3) or 4 X 110 mg lead shot (N = 7) were maintained at 21 degrees +/- 1 degree C for a 9-day experimental period. Bone, liver and brain lead concentrations were higher in birds that ingested lead shot. Doves that ingested lead shot and were exposed to 6 degrees C temperatures had the highest liver lead concentration (155.94 micrograms/g dw) and 5 of 7 died. There was no mortality among doves maintained at 21 degrees C and among those maintained at 6 degrees C but not given lead shot. Among doves which accumulated high brain lead concentrations (mean = 11.32 micrograms/g) convulsive seizures were observed. Linear relationships were noted between liver lead and lead concentrations in breast muscle (breast muscle lead = 0.942 + 0.036 X), between liver lead and kidney lead (kidney lead = 495.75 + 8.47 X), and between hemoglobin and packed cell volume (packed cell volume = -1.57 + 2.52 X).
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PMID:The toxicology of lead shot ingestion in ringed turtle doves under conditions of cold exposure. 652 Jul 24

The averaged evoked potential technique was used to determine the sequence and relative effects of a single dose of trimethyltin (TMT) on the neurophysiologic functioning of two limbic system pathways, selected for study because they are known to show TMT-induced pathologic changes. Adult female rats were implanted with bipolar electrodes in the olfactory or prepyriform cortex (PPC), dentate gyrus (DG) and distal CA3 subfield of the hippocampus. Evoked potentials were elicited in the DG by stimulation of the PPC, and in CA3 by stimulation of the mossy fiber system which originates in dentate granule cells. TMT chloride was administered po in a single 7.5 mg/kg dose in water to 9 implanted rats. A parallel group of 6 implanted rats served as a control group. No changes in potentials were noted 24 hr after TMT, but some effects appeared at 48 hr. Amplitudes of potentials elicited in the DG were greatly potentiated between 2-7 days after TMT with peak effects between 4-6 days, followed by a marked decline in amplitude of the response. At the same time, recordings of spontaneous electrical activity did not reveal marked abnormalities such as electrographic seizure waves. Amplitude of the CA3 response began to decline 3 days after TMT and by 3 weeks was markedly depressed. Average amplitudes of the same responses in the control group remained within 12 percent of pretreatment values for the 20 days of the study. Tin levels in whole brain were lowest at 24 hr, doubled at 48 hr, then doubled again at 4 days when peak levels were reached. Values remained high in both blood and brain and at 20 days were still 66 percent of peak levels. Thus, the delay in onset of effects of TMT on evoked potentials may be related to the slow entry of tin into brain, presumably because of high affinity binding to hemoglobin in blood, as reported by others. Also, the time of peak potentiating effects on potentials evoked in the DG correlated well with the time of peak levels of tin in brain.
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PMID:Time course of the effects of trimethyltin on limbic evoked potentials and distribution of tin in blood and brain in the rat. 654 88

The records of 68 patients with hemoglobin SC disease and 68 age- and sex-matched control patients were reviewed for neurological problems. A significant increase in retinopathy, stupor/coma, and seizures was noted in the hemoglobin SC group. Hemiplegia, noted in two young patients, was probably also secondary to hemoglobin SC disease. Hemoglobin SC disease may often go unrecognized as a cause of stupor and coma in older patients without other obvious manifestations of a sickling hemoglobinopathy. Factors known to precipitate sickling crisis and the associated neurological complications should be avoided, especially in patients undergoing surgery or parturition.
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PMID:Neurological complications of hemoglobin SC disease. 669 47

Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was used to assess possible brainstem damage in 60 patients recovering from bacterial meningitis. Clear evidence of brainstem abnormalities was evident in 10% of the patients tested. Another 15% had ABRs classified as borderline normal. We evaluated various clinical and demographic factors to determine their predictive value with regard to neurologic abnormalities. Brainstem involvement was most likely when meningitis was complicated by seizures, hydrocephalus, nerve palsies (not including the eighth nerve), and a hemoglobin level of less than 11 g/dL, and when pretreatment symptoms persisted for longer than three days. Instances of partial and complete reversibility of brainstem damage were documented, indicating that reorganization of brainstem structures persisted after patients were discharged from the hospital.
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PMID:Auditory brainstem response in infants recovering from bacterial meningitis. Neurologic assessment. 687 Jun 11

Previous work in this laboratory showed that concurrent consumption of an iron-deficient diet and exposure to lead caused seizure activity in Albany heterogeneous (HET) stock mice. In the present investigation, 26 Albany HET mice (ages 35 to 57 days of age) ate either an American Institute of Nutrition approved iron-sufficient (30 ppm) diet or an iron-deficient (less than 3 ppm) diet and drank either a 0.5% lead solution or distilled water for 12 weeks. We measured several activities in an open-field, hole-board apparatus, and spontaneous seizures which occurred during testing, changes in body weight, and hemoglobin levels. Replicating previous findings, mice fed the iron-deficient diet and treated with lead had more seizures with longer durations and longer postictal periods than animals given the iron-sufficient diet but also treated with lead. Mice not exposed to lead did not seize. Both lead-treated groups had lower rates of body-weight gain over the 3-mo. period and lower hemoglobin values than nonlead-treated animals. Changes in activity were observed in the open field as a function of diet and exposure to lead.
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PMID:Dietary iron and exposure to lead influence susceptibility to seizures. 756 15


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