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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty children with marked neurological abnormality manifested by moderate or severe motor disability and severe mental retardation were compared with a large control population with respect to prospectively ascertained perinatal characteristics. None of 60 prenatal factors distinguished the affected group from controls. In labor and delivery, lowest fetal heart rate in the second stage of labor, arrested progress of labor, and use of midforceps discriminated between the two groups. Neonatal characteristics of children who were later severely handicapped differed from controls, particularly with respect to difficulty in initiating and maintaining respiration, intracranial hemorrhage, neonatal seizures, low birth weight and small head circumference, lowest hemoglobin or hematocrit, and overall neurological status. Multivariate analysis, including factors from all epochs, indicated that intracranial hemorrhage and neonatal seizures were the strongest independent discriminators between the neurologically impaired children and controls.
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PMID:Perinatal risk factors in children with serious motor and mental handicaps. 15 20

The relationship of the mean transit time of the vascular indicator C15O-labeled hemoglobin (tco) and the cerebral blood volume (CBV) as measured by stimulated x-ray fluorescence, to the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was examined in rhesus monkeys before and during experiment cerebral seizures. The results demonstrate a marked increase in CBV and a decrease in tco. A substantial portion of these changes is the passive accompaniment of the associated increase in MABP.
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PMID:Changes in cerebral blood volume and vascular mean transit time during induced cerebral seizures. 82 74

A dramatic decrease in mortality from Hemophilus influenzae meningitis has occurred in recent years. Morbidity and long-term sequellae remain significant problems. A follow-up investigation of 73 cases of H. influenzae meningitis seen over a three-year period revealed: 2 deaths, 6 children with major sequellae (retardation, spastic quadriplegia, blindness, persistent seizure disorder), 10 with minor residua, and 55 with no detectable disability. Statistical analysis of clinical parameters demonstrated a significant risk of death or major morbidity in those patients who, at the time of admission, had seizures, coma, hypothermia, shock, age less than 12 months, hemoglobin less than 11 gm/100 ml, pretreatment symptoms for longer than three days, a spinal fluid white blood cell count less than 1,000/cu mm, or a spinal fluid glucose value less than 20 mg/100 ml. Using these parameters, those patients at highest risk of having lasting major morbidity with H. influenzae meningitis can be predicted, allowing more vigorous intensive care which may reduce the mortality and morbidity further.
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PMID:Prediction of morbidity in Hemophilus influenzae meningitis. 84 May 37

The effect of sodium cyanate (25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg body weight i.p. daily for 10 days) upon cerebral metabolism and the EEG of Wistar rats was studied. This treatment resulted in a dose-related carbamylation of hemoglobin and left shift in the oxygen dissociation curve. Animals receiving the highest dose of cyanate developed a significant systemic metabolic acidosis. In brain there was dose-dependent decrease in phosphocreatine, TCO2 and cytoplasmic NADH/NAD+ ratio, reflecting the calculated drop in intracellular pH. Glucose levels were elevated despite a normal calculated energy charge, which suggests a balanced slowing of the energy-producing and energy-utilizing systems. The higher doses of cyanate produced spontaneous seizure activity on the EEG.
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PMID:Effects of high-dose cyanate upon cerebral energy metabolism of the rat. 120 41

The hemoglobin oxygenation state and the redox state of Cyt.ox. in the rat brain during and after seizure induced by PTZ were measured by using near-infrared spectrophotometry. PTZ administration caused transient reduction of Cyt.ox. in the brain, which might be a trigger for the increase of CBF during seizure. In postictal phase, although BP remained high, Cyt.ox. was in the certain reduced state, which might be due to A-V shunt. Hypoxic loading during seizure caused more reduction of Cyt.ox. than under non-epileptic conditions, which meant that seizure even under mild hypoxic conditions could cause severe hypoxic brain damage.
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PMID:Cerebral oxygenation state in chemically-induced seizures in the rat--study by near infrared spectrophotometry. 133 49

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome is usually a consequence of enteric verotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection, and a prevailing hypothesis contends that systemically absorbed verotoxins are responsible for the multiple organ involvement. In an attempt to determine whether the central nervous system (CNS) manifestations could occur owing to factors that reflect a toxin insult, the authors studied the association of clinical and laboratory variables with the development of neurological disease. Ninety-one patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome from 1982 through 1990 were included. Twenty-seven (18 female, 9 male) had a CNS disorder; 17 of these had seizures and there were two deaths. Multivariate analyses led to the following observations: female gender (odds ratio [OR] 8.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.08 to 50.0), prolonged use of an antimotility pharmacological agent (OR 8.50; 95% CI 1.69 to 42.81), and an increased hemoglobin level (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.17) were associated with an increased risk for developing a neurological manifestation. Prior administration of a blood product was associated with a decreased risk (OR 0.12; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.52). The findings suggest that other mechanisms for CNS disease may exist in addition to direct toxin insult.
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PMID:Risk factors for the central nervous system manifestations of gastroenteritis-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome. 140 19

The diagnosis, management, and long-term outcome of 32 patients with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome are summarized. Sleep hypoventilation was severe in all cases, resulting in an alveolar carbon dioxide pressure (mean +/- SEM) of 62 +/- 2.5 mm Hg and a hemoglobin saturation of 65% +/- 3.3% without ventilatory or arousal response. Awake hypoventilation on initial assessment was present in 12 of the 32 patients, resulting in an alveolar carbon dioxide pressure of 58 +/- 2.2 mm Hg and a hemoglobin saturation of 59% +/- 7%. Associated conditions included pulmonary hypertension or cor pulmonale or both (78%), heart block and sick sinus syndrome requiring a cardiac pacemaker (two patients), mild atrophy by cranial imaging evidence (40%), seizures (72%), normal brain-stem auditory evoked responses in all but one patient tested, ganglioneuroblastomas (one patient), Hirschsprung disease (16%), and ophthalmologic abnormalities (60%). Growth was deficient in 44% of patients; hypotonia or major motor delay or both were apparent in all. Twenty-two patients are living; 12 of them require continuous ventilatory support and 10 breathe spontaneously while awake and require ventilatory support while asleep. Ten patients have died. Autopsy performed in six cases indicated diffuse central nervous system astrocytosis, gliosis, and atrophy but no primary brain-stem abnormality. Although these data support a diffuse central nervous system process, the specific cause and the mode of inheritance remain unclear. With early diagnosis and careful ventilatory management, the sequelae of hypoxia and morbidity should be minimized and long-term outcome improved.
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PMID:Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: diagnosis, management, and long-term outcome in thirty-two children. 153 84

We describe six boys with homozygous sickle cell disease, aged 7 to 13 years, in whom acute, severe neurologic abnormalities developed 1 to 11 days after partial exchange transfusion was performed to treat priapism that was unresponsive to more conservative therapy. Hemoglobin levels were 10.5 to 13.4 gm/dl (mean 12.1 gm/dl), and hemoglobin S levels were 18% to 33% (mean 27%) before the onset of neurologic complications. Severe headache was the initial finding in five patients, four of whom had increased intracranial pressure and three of whom required tracheal intubation and hyperventilation. Four patients had seizures; three had focal neurologic deficits for more than 24 hours. Cerebral arteriography demonstrated vascular abnormalities, including irregularity, stenosis, and complete occlusion of vessels. Patients treated with regular erythrocyte transfusions had no recurrence of neurologic signs or symptoms when hemoglobin S levels were kept at 30% to 50%. The occurrence of serious neurologic complications after partial exchange transfusion in patients with homozygous sickle cell disease from three centers indicates the possibility of a causal relationship between the events. Early and thorough investigation of neurologic symptoms, especially severe headache, is warranted in this clinical setting.
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PMID:Neurologic events after partial exchange transfusion for priapism in sickle cell disease. 143 48

A case of warfarin-induced intramural hematoma and hemorrhagic infarction of the small intestine is described, and the literature on this adverse effect is reviewed. A 32-year-old white woman who had been receiving warfarin and carbamazepine came to a clinic complaining of lower back and stomach pain. She had a history of iliofemoral deep venous thromboses and seizures. A pelvic sonogram showed a large quantity of fluid present. Her prothrombin time (PT) was 29.2 sec. Her hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit were within the normal ranges. The patient was admitted to the hospital when her back pain increased and she vomited. The warfarin was discontinued. On day 5 the patient was still having abdominal pain and nausea. Her hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit had fallen to 6.6 g/dL and 20%, although her PT had decreased to 12.5 sec. On the same day, the patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy, and an indurated and ischemic area of jejunum was found and resected. The pathology report indicated the presence of hemorrhage and infarction consistent with an anticoagulant-related disorder. About 100 cases of intramural hematoma of the small intestine induced by anticoagulant therapy have been reported. Most patients are white males about 60 years of age. The sites most frequently involved are the duodenum and proximal jejunum. Symptoms include constipation, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Laboratory test and radiological findings are fairly nonspecific, but when found together in a patient receiving an anticoagulant, the diagnosis can be made with some confidence. Management may be complicated by the bleeding disorder, the intestinal obstruction if present, and the original indication for warfarin therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Warfarin-induced intramural hematoma of the small intestine. 161 15

35 cases of pregnancy-induced-hypertension (PIH) and 125 controls taken on nonconsecutive days from 792 deliveries during the period June-August 1988 at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia, were analyzed for mean arterial pressure (MAP), and contributing factors. Data were taken from delivery logs and patients' antenatal cards. The cases were women diagnosed with PIH or a history of seizures. Controls were the 5 preceding deliveries with adequate data. Results for MAP were presented as a matrix showing good outcome controls, poor outcome controls, and cases, by MAP at antenatal visits 1-4, with numbers of women in groupings by MAP ranges. There were more high MAP values for cases than for controls. Over 25% of both groups were women aged 17-19. 64.7% of cases were primigravida, compared to 43% of controls. Data on weight gain were not consistently available, but a higher proportion of cases gained 20 pounds than controls. Most women gained 0 or 1-10 pounds. 44% of cases and 41% of controls had hemoglobin 10 mg/dl. There were 4 positive VDRLs among 34 women tested. 4% of the control infants were stillborn; 7% died in hospital. Among the cases there were 1 fetal death, 2 stillborns, 4 hospital deaths, 20% pregnancy loss overall. Apgar scores were lower among cases, with 25% 4-6, compared to 3.3% of controls. These results did not indicate that MAP would be useful in comparison with blood pressure and other risk factors in monitoring pregnant women for PIH.
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PMID:Parameters of normotensive women and women with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) in Lusaka. 179 36


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