Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 40-year-old man was admitted after 8 months of speech disturbance and locomotive ataxia. He had no seizures, lightning pains, paresthesia, visual loss, bladder disturbance or rectal incontinence. He had never been neurologically or psychiatrically ill and had no history of syphilis. When the patient was admitted, his general physical examination including blood pressure and dermatologic examination was normal. His consciousness was alert. He was found to have a deterioration of mental status such as inability to concentrate, failing memory, amnesia and circumstantiality. His pupils were anisocoric and Achilles jerks were absent. No rigidity of the neck muscles, paralysis and sensory disturbance were recognized. Romberg's sign was absent. The right pupil was 7.0 mm and the left was 6.0 mm in room illumination. The pupils were nonreactive to bright light and both did not constricted to near stimuli. 0.125% pilocarpine eyedrops produced bilateral pupillary constriction. The results indicated bilateral tonic pupils. Laboratory data revealed white cell count of 12,600/mm3 and normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 8 mm/hr. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination revealed the following: opening pressure, 140 mm of water; cell counts, 76/mm2 (mononuclear cells); total protein, 116 mg/dl; glucose, 57 mg/dl. A serum venereal disease research laboratories (VDRL) test was positive in a 1:32 titer confirmed by positive treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) test in a 1:40,960 titer and positive fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) test. Serum TPHA-IgM was positive in a 1:320 titer but TPHA-IgG was negative. CSF examination revealed positive TPHA test (titer of 1:2,560) and positive FTA-ABS test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of early syphilis presenting general paresis-like symptoms and bilateral tonic pupils]. 130 Feb 74

A 13-day-old male new-born was admitted to our hospital because of prolonged fever from eleventh day of his life. Physical examinations were unremarkable with good feeding ability, but an increase of the white cell count in the cerebrospinal fluid was noted. In spite of the intravenous administration of antibiotics and gamma-globulin, intractable focal seizures were developed on the fifth day of his illness, and his consciousness level was decreased. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis was strongly suggested by the results of brain computed tomography (low density on the right temporal region) and electroencephalography (right temporal sharp waves recorded in concordance with clonic seizures of the left arm), and acyclovir was started on the sixth day of his illness. His condition was remarkably improved, and then he could drink milk again on the tenth day of his illness. The changes of the antibody titers supported our diagnosis. Among the previously reported twenty-nine patients of neonatal HSV encephalitis in Japan, seven died and twelve were severely handicapped. These grave prognoses may be improved by the early administration of antiherpetic agents to the febrile neonates with intractable (focal) seizures regardless of the absence of mucocutaneous lesions.
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PMID:[Neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis--report of a case and summary of reported patients in Japan]. 267 18

Prolonged seizures produce central nervous system damage. Physiologic consequences of status epilepticus may exacerbate this damage or may mislead the physician into making inappropriate therapeutic decisions. Status results in an elevation of body temperature, an increase in the peripheral white cell count, and often a transient pleocytosis in the spinal fluid. A marked metabolic acidosis occurs routinely. Prominent elevations in plasma hormonal concentrations occur as well. Epinephrine levels are in the arrhythmogenic range and could play a role in sudden death. Transient but marked pressure responses occur in the systemic and pulmonary circulations. Pulmonary edema may result from these pressure transients.
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PMID:Physiologic consequences of status epilepticus. 392 51

Central nervous system lymphosarcoma was diagnosed in 8 dogs with seizures and clinical signs compatible with multifocal central nervous system involvement. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed high white cell counts with abnormal lymphoid cells in all dogs, and high protein concentration in 5 dogs. Two dogs were given systemic anticancer chemotherapy, and 4 dogs were given a combination of systemic chemotherapy, intrathecal cytosine arabinoside, and craniospinal irradiation, resulting in marked improvement of the clinical signs.
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PMID:Central nervous system lymphosarcoma in the dog. 654 26

This is a report of the first clinical trial with iohexol in lumbar myelography. The investigation was carried out as an open, non-comparative study in 30 patients and was part of a multicentre trial. Iohexol doses of 10 to 15 ml (180 mg I/ml) were used and clinical and laboratory tests were performed before and during 48 h after myelography. Spinal repuncture 6 or 24 h after myelography was done in all patients. Only minor side effects of temporary duration were recorded in 8 patients. No seizures or spikes on EEG were seen. There was no significant increase in CSF parameters such as white cell counts, protein or IgG.
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PMID:First clinical trial with iohexol in myelography. 667 May 91

Six infants with disseminated HSV had no mucocutaneous lesions at any time during the course of the illness. These infants presented with lethargy, poor feeding, apnea, acidosis, and hepatomegaly. The diagnosis of HSV was made by culturing the infant's oropharynx and blood, and the maternal cervix. Eight infants with HSV encephalitis had no skin, eye, or mucous membrane lesions. These infants presented with lethargy and low-grade fever, followed within 24 hours by the onset of focal partial motor seizures. The seizures were refractory to anticonvulsant therapy. The mean CSF white cell count was 131 cells/mm3;the glucose and protein concentrations were in the normal range. Brain biopsy was required for the early diagnosis of HSV encephalitis. These 14 cases presented 70% (14/20) of all infants with neonatal HSV diagnosed during the study period. HSV infection should be considered in infants with no mucocutaneous lesions who have signs usually associated with bacterial sepsis or who develop focal seizures during the first three weeks of life.
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PMID:Neonatal herpes simplex infection in the absence of mucocutaneous lesions. 706 32

A 19-year-old girl developed a fever of up to 40 degrees C and, during an episode of high fever, generalized seizures. Physical examination on admission was unremarkable, except for several small lymph nodes. Differential blood count showed a leukopenia (1700/microliters) with 14% stab and 7% segmented neutrophils. After initial clinical improvement she again became feverish and the differential count now showed agranulocytosis with a total white cell count of 1400/microliters. Because of the time of year and the geographic location borreliosis was now considered in the differential diagnosis. The antibody titre against Borrelia was raised to 1:64 (IgM) and 1:256 (IgG). Her condition and the differential blood count rapidly improved on intravenous antibiotic treatment with cefotiam (2 g two times daily) and gentamicin (120 mg two times daily), as well as filgrastim (granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) subcutaneously. Antibiotic treatment was continued after 6 days with oral ampicillin (1 g three times daily) for 3 weeks. Follow-up examination six weeks later found the patient to be symptom-free.
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PMID:[Agranulocytosis caused by infectious-toxic bone marrow damage after Borrelia infection]. 775 Apr 30

Various medication therapies have been attempted to assist in detoxification and abstinence maintenance among cocaine users. The safety of these medications in this unique population has not been documented. Carbamazepine, an anticonvulsant being used with this population, is known to cause leukopenia and agranulocytosis in seizure patients. Analysis of data involving two different populations of cocaine users treated with carbamazepine revealed no statistically or clinically significant changes in total white blood cell count, or in any component white cell, using endpoint analysis, lowpoint analysis, or regression analysis. These results should be reassuring to the addiction medicine clinician.
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PMID:The effect of carbamazepine on the white blood cell count in cocaine abusers. 812 65

We evaluated prospectively the HIV-1 RNA level in CSF as a marker of HIV encephalitis diagnosis. 110 HIV-1 infected patients (mean age: 39 years; sex-ratio M/F: 94/16) were tested for HIV-1 RNA in plasma and CSF. Lumbar punctures were performed to explore cognitive deficit, seizure or fever. HIV encephalitis was diagnosed in 15 patients (14%), other CNS disease in 34 (31%), and fever without CNS disease in 61 (55%). HIV-1 RNA was detectable in 93% of the plasma and in 62% of the CSF. No significant difference was observed in CSF HIV-1 RNA between patients with or without HIV encephalitis. CSF HIV-1 RNA was correlated with plasma HIV-1 RNA (p < 0.01), CSF protein (p < 0.01) and CSF white cell counts (p < 0.01). The absence of any significant difference between patients with or without HIV encephalitis, suggests that the CSF HIV-1 RNA level is not a good marker for its diagnosis.
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PMID:[Clinical importance of the quantification of HIV-1 RNA in cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of HIV encephalitis]. 976 75

Since published data on the course and prognosis of encephalitis in Central Europe is limited, we retrospectively evaluated 104 children with either acute strict sense encephalitis (n = 80) or acute cerebellar ataxia (n = 24) treated at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Bern, Switzerland, between 1980 and 1991. Of the 80 patients with strict sense encephalitis, four (5%) died acutely and 28 (36%) of 78 followed up had sequelae - eight patients with severe, six with moderate and 14 with mild sequelae. Young age and seizures were shown to correlate with poor outcome. Among the 24 patients with acute cerebellar ataxia, there was no fatal outcome and none developed severe residua, but six had mild and one had moderate sequelae. Initial cerebrospinal fluid white cell count was significantly higher in these children with sequelae compared with those without any sequelae after acute cerebellar ataxia.
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PMID:Acute encephalitis in Swiss children: aetiology and outcome. 1072 25


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