Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a prospective study of thirty-two children with seizures treated with phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin), five had low levels of serum-IgA before treatment. All of these were among the fifteen who had had febrile convulsions in infancy. IgA levels fell significantly during 6 months treatment in the fourteen patients studied sequentially. Treated children with low serum-IgA had normal numbers of lymphocytes with surface IgA. This suggests that phenytoin causes failure of terminal differentiation of B lymphocytes, and is the first known cause of this, the commonest mechanism of immunoglobulin deficiency.
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PMID:IgA deficiency, epilepsy, and phenytoin treatment. 5 4

Serum-immunoglobulin concentrations were measured in 364 patients with epilepsy. On dividing the patients into those treated with or without hydantoins, and according to possible aetiological factors, a characteristic pattern emerged. Irrespective of the treatment given, the mean values of IgA were significantly reduced in patients in whom constitutional factors were apparent, including those with familial prevalence of seizures. While IgA was rarely found below 0-6 mg/ml, a limit chosen to define IgA deficiency in patients not treated with hydantoins, the IgA level was subnormal in 20-25% of the patients treated with such drugs. In contrast, the mean concentration of IgA was normal and no individual subnormal values were observed in epileptic patients treated with or without hydantoins whose disease was thought to be secondary to traumatic or infectious events or to metabolic disturbances. The data suggest that epilepsy with constitutional characteristics might predispose to low IgA, but that IgA deficiency only occurs when hydantoins are given. Whether this postulated predisposition is relevant to the aetiology or pathogenesis of epilepsy remained unresolved.
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PMID:IgA deficiency, epilepsy, and hydantoin medication. 5 43

Serum levels of IgA were found to be reduced in some patients with epilepsy. Further studies revealed that only epileptics with constitutional factors for seizures showed, if ever, IgA deficiency, particularly those treated with hydantoins (up to 25%). In order further to substantiate the association of immunoglobulin alterations with epilepsy nine families in whom the disease was clustered were investigated. An IgA deficiency was detected in 16 of the 19 epileptics (three without hydantoin medication), but in none of their 45 non-epileptic relatives. However, four of the relatives had a low IgM. Seven other families were tested in each of which only one IgA deficient epileptic was known. No other family members were found with a low IgA, but 24 of 58 such relatives had increased IgM serum concentrations. The association of IgA deficiency and epilepsy with IgM imbalances in relatives of IgA deficient epileptics gives additional support for the hypothesis that immune imbalances and certain forms of epilepsy might be linked.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin abnormalities in relatives of IgA deficient epileptics. 7 56

Up to 12% of epileptic patients have subnormal IgA serum concentrations. Previous observations suggest that IgA deficiency is correlated with hydantoin treatment and also with the type of seizure. In a followup study it is shown that IgA deficiency in epileptics is a rather constant feature of a given patient. The most pronounced changes in IgA levels were seen in patients in whom the hydantoin medication also changed. However, low IgA levels have also been reported in untreated epileptics. A new classification for the immunodeficiency state in epileptics is introduced.
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PMID:Immunodeficiency in epilepsy: a new view. 9 Jan 39

Twenty-three epileptics with constitutional factors for seizures and low IgA serum concentrations were studied. Imbalance of the IgG subclasses was often observed, the IgG4 being undetectable in 13 (65%) patients. The percentage of circulating lymphocytes positive for surface immunoglobulins was normal except for slightly increased values for IgA in six (28.5%) patients. Of the epileptics, 48% showed subnormal proportions of lymphocytes forming spontaneous rosettes. There was a distinct trend for HLA-A2 antigen in the patients tested.
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PMID:Immunological abnormalities and HLA antigen frequencies in IgA deficient patients with epilepsy. 9 91

Immunoglobulin A, phenytoin, and protein were determined in plasma, unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva and stimulated and unstimulated parotid saliva from seizure subjects, aged 18 or more, who had ingested phenytoin for 1 year or more from controls. Patient subgroups with low plasma IgA and with gingival overgrowth were evaluated separately. Plasma and salivary phenytoin and ratios of salivary to plasma phenytoin concentrations corresponded to published reports. Plasma IgA was significantly decreased in the total patient group. However, salivary IgA expressed as the concentration or as the proportion of salivary protein, with one exception, was not significantly decreased in any type of saliva from the total patient group or subgroups. Significant phenytoin induced increases in salivary IgA were noted. IgA secretion rate by the parotid gland was significantly increased in the total patient group. This investigation does not indicate a deficiency of oral IgA from chronic phenytoin ingestion. Thus, it appears unlikely that decreased oral IgA with a consequent enhanced susceptibility to inflammation contributes to phenytoin associated gingival overgrowth.
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PMID:Salivary and plasma IgA of seizure subjects receiving phenytoin. 42 74

A 39-year-old man developed paroxysmal cough, occasional vomiting after cough, and subconjunctival hemorrhage. His illness was complicated by episodes of seizure, with clonic movements of the arms and legs, brief loss of consciousness, and confusion. The episodes were triggered by mild, unremarkable coughing paroxysms. A diagnosis of pertussis was confirmed serologically by measurement of IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies to pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin. Serologic studies confirmed the presence of Bordetella pertussis infection in the patient's 10-year-old daughter and suggested that his wife was infected as well. This case report illustrates the occurrence of typical pertussis with serious complications in an adult. Further research is required to determine the scope of this problem and the need for a program of adult immunization against pertussis.
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PMID:Pertussis encephalopathy in an adult: case report and review. 177 35

We compared two groups of patients with idiopathic epilepsy, 41 patients whose seizure frequency was not controlled by adequate therapy and 39 patients in good seizure control, in respect of hematology, kidney and liver function tests, serum IgG, IgA and IgM concentrations and drug concentrations. The only difference that emerged were in the serum immunoglobulins, which were raised in the drug refractory group, significantly (p less than 0.01) so in the case of IgG. Failure of seizure control did not depend on inadequacy of drug dose or of blood concentration. Although the serum Ig changes do not warrant the assumption of an immunological origin for drug resistance, they do suggest a useful research line.
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PMID:Epileptic patients refractory to drug therapy. 195 1

Cerebrocyte antigens of human embryo and indirect assay of solid phase ELISA were applied to measure concentrations of IgG subunit of serum anti-brain antibody (ABA) and other immunological indexes in 110 epileptics, 36 neurasthenic patients and 52 normal individuals. The results showed that the levels and abnormal rate of serum ABA in epileptic patients was much higher than those of controls (P less than 0.001). However there was no difference among the controls (P greater than 0.05). It suggested that epilepsy might be caused by certain factors resulting in the exposure of the sealed brain antigen which in turn stimulates ABA production and autoimmune responses. The serum level of ABA was correlated with that of serum IgG and IgA (P less than 0.05), but not with age, duration of disease, seizure types and the use or nonuse of anticonvulsive drugs (P greater than 0.05).
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PMID:Observation on anti-brain antibody in serum of 110 epileptics. 211 48

In extracerebral systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the complement system plays a prominent pathogenic role, and decreased serum concentration of the 4th component (C4) is a reliable indicator of systemic disease activity. In diffuse CNS-SLE, however, the pathogenic role of complement is less clear. In 12 patients with active diffuse CNS-SLE presenting with delirium (4), organic personality syndrome (3), or generalized seizures (5), we determined the CSF indexes of the complement components C3, C4, and factor B, and of IgG, IgA, and IgM. There was a significant increase of the C4 index in these patients compared with controls and a significantly higher CSF C4 index in patients with an increased IgM index. We conclude that intrathecal C4 is being produced in diffuse CNS-SLE.
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PMID:Diffuse CNS involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus: intrathecal synthesis of the 4th component of complement. 221 52


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