Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six alcoholic patients developed extensive cerebral hemispheric hemorrhages with both intraventricular and subarachnoid blood. All patients had evidence of liver damage, low platelet counts, and abnormal prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times. Four patients presented with seizures; in two of the four, these seizures were initially diagnosed as alcohol withdrawal seizures. Four patients were comatose with lateralizing neurologic deficit; two patients were comatose without lateralizing neurologic deficit, suggesting a metabolic encephalopathy. In one patient there was delayed neurologic deterioration. In all six patients, computed tomography showed large diffuse cerebral hemispheric hemorrhages, prominent intraventricular blood, and breakthrough into the subarachnoid spaces, which was confirmed by necropsy findings. There was marked mass effect but minimal surrounding edema. All six patients died. In three, autopsy showed no evidence of aneurysm, vascular malformation, neoplasm, or amyloid angiopathy and no arteriolar hypertensive changes.
 ...
PMID:Alcoholic intracerebral hemorrhage. 320 17

Alpha-2 interferon, produced in Escherichia coli using recombinant DNA techniques, was administered to 17 children with refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in relapse, two children with TdT-positive, Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) in blast crisis, and one child with B cell (SIg+) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in a second extramedullary relapse. An initial 2-week intravenous (IV) phase of interferon was followed by a 3-month subcutaneous (SC) maintenance phase if patients had an objective response or disease stabilization without significant bleeding or infectious complications. When interferon dosages were escalated from 3 to 100 X 10(6) U/m2 in the first phase of therapy, there was rapid progression of disease in the first four patients treated, prompting a modification of the treatment plan. The last 16 patients enrolled received fixed dosages of interferon (ie, 10, 20, 30, and 50 X 10(6) U/m2 administered to four subjects each). One child with T cell ALL had an 11-month complete remission; the patient with lymphoma had a dramatic but brief response; three others (one CML and two ALL) showed disease stabilization for 3 to 6 months with a definite oncolytic effect in two of the three patients. The remaining 15 patients had progressive disease within 2 months and were removed from the study. Acute toxicity included a flu-like syndrome in all patients, increased serum transaminase levels in five, seizures in three (two cases temporally related to fever and one to a thrombocytopenic subarachnoid hemorrhage), and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin times in seven. This phase I-II trial of recombinant alpha-2 interferon demonstrated definite activity without dose-limiting toxicity.
 ...
PMID:Phase I-II study of recombinant alpha-2 interferon against advanced leukemia and lymphoma in children. 345 76

Two patients with well documented systemic lupus erythematosus developed a syndrome resembling thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Both had severe thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, seizures, and renal dysfunction. Prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, and fibrinogen levels were normal; fibrin degradation products were minimally elevated. Histologic evaluation of renal biopsies in both patients confirmed the impression of intravascular thrombosis. Therapy with corticosteroids, other immunosuppressive drugs and splenectomy (in one case) proved unsuccessful. The infusion of fresh frozen plasma, with or without plasmapheresis, reversed the syndrome. This report indicates that patients with systemic lupus may develop a thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura like syndrome which responds to fresh plasma infusion.
 ...
PMID:Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus: treatment with plasma infusion. 404 Nov 34

From the analysis of 115 cases of primary generalized epilepsies treated for a mean duration of 43 months with sodium valproate as sole therapy, it appears that: the mean effective daily dosage is 21 mg/kg; the efficacy of valproate proved excellent in 82.6% of cases (seizures fully controlled: 74%, seizures occurring exceptionally: 9%); a loss of activity was never observed; in these circumstances of prolonged administration of the drug, no signs of major intolerance were seen; side-effects occurred in 29% of cases, including 20% long-term effects (weight gain, essential tremor); 64 series of laboratory tests including 15 parameters made it possible to evaluate the hematological, hepatic and pancreatic tolerance of valproate: the majority of the tests were normal. The authors believe that during long-term therapy with valproate, monitoring does not need to include the routine performance of liver function tests, but that it would be more advisable, should a suggestive clinical sign be noted, to investigate the platelet count, coagulation (partial activated thromboplastin time) and protein synthesis (fibrinogen).
 ...
PMID:[Monotherapy with sodium valproate in generalized primary epilepsy. 2d phase: Study of long-term efficacy and tolerance]. 619 93

Changes in the coagulation system due to steroids and asparaginase during treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are well known side effects and may cause bleeding or thrombosis. We report the case history of a 7-year old girl who developed thrombosis of the sinus sagittalis superior during ALL-treatment. Diagnosis was made by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging after the child became symptomatic with seizure. Until this event the girl had been treated already for two weeks with prednisone and E. coli-asparaginase (4 infusions). This medication caused distinct hypofibrinogenemia (Fibrinogen 53 mg/dl), prothrombin time expressed as percent of normal values of 58% was also pathological, activated partial thromboplastin time of 35 sec, antithrombin III 120% and thrombocyte count 178 G/l were in normal range. We were not successful in the attempt to adjust the imbalance in the coagulation system by transfusion of fresh frozen plasma (FFP)--seizure happened during FFP-infusion, fibrinogen blood level could be elevated only slightly. Our patient stayed consequently asymptomatic, the clinical recovery was confirmed radiologically.
 ...
PMID:[Venous thrombosis of cranial sinuses in asparaginase therapy. A case report]. 796 36

We identified 100 patients (51 males and 49 females) as having the lupus anticoagulant. The following diagnoses were found in the patient population: human immunodeficiency virus positivity, 20%; systemic lupus erythematosus, 10%; prolonged preoperative activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), 10%; procainamide hydrochloride-induced inhibitor, 9%; deep vein thrombosis, 6%; seizure disorders/epilepsy, 5%; and miscellaneous conditions, 40%. Identification was based on a prolonged APTT (> 40 seconds) that normalized with increased phospholipid concentrations and/or a prolonged Russell viper venom clotting time patient-control ratio of 1.20 or greater. In 68 cases (group 1), patient plasma prolonged the APTT of normal plasma in a 1:1 mixing study. However, in 32 cases (group 2), no such prolongation was observed. There was a significant difference between presenting APTTs in patients from group 1 (mean +/- SD, 58.29 +/- 13.30 seconds) compared with that in group 2 (mean +/- SD, 47.93 +/- 5.09 seconds). Furthermore, 66% of group 1 patients had elevated anticardiolipin antibody titers compared with only 41% in group 2. Of the 32 patients in group 2, 16 (50%) were positive for human immunodeficiency virus. We concluded that the investigation of a lupus anticoagulant should not be abandoned because patient plasma does not prolong the APTT of normal plasma in a mixing study, especially in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive population.
 ...
PMID:The lupus anticoagulant. High incidence of 'negative' mixing studies in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive population. 850 27

General pharmacological effects of recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were investigated. 1. Central nervous system: Basic FGF produced almost no effect on the general symptoms and behaviors of mice. Basic FGF did not influence the spontaneous motor activity, hexobarbital-induced anesthesia, electroshock seizure threshold, pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in mice and normal body temperature and spinal reflex in rats up to a dose of 1 mg/kg (s.c., i.v.). As regards pain sensation, it inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing at 1 mg/kg (s.c.). No abnormal waves were observed in spontaneous EEG of the rabbit up to 1 mg/kg (i.v.) of bFGF, but at 0.1 mg/kg it had a slight effect on the ratio of EEG levels and at 1 mg/kg induced an increase in rest period, disappearance in the period of fast wave sleep and a decrease in the period of deep sleep. 2. Somatic nervous system: Basic FGF did not influence the corneal reflex, twitch response of the skin and diaphragm-phrenic nerve preparations. 3. Autonomic nervous system and smooth muscle: Basic FGF showed little effects on the spontaneous movement of the isolated ileum, contraction induced by various agonists in isolated ileum, resting tension and noradrenaline(NA)-induced contraction of the aorta, resting tension and histamine-induced contraction of isolated trachea, spontaneous movement and 5-HT-induced contraction of isolated strips of stomach fundus, NA-induced contraction of isolated vas deferens of the rat up to the concentration of 10(-4) g/ml. Basic FGF augmented the tone of the isolated non-pregnant uterus at the concentrations of 10(-5) g/ml and above and inhibited or tended to inhibit the contractile tension of non-pregnant or pregnant uterus at 10(-4) g/ml, but it did not influence the spontaneous movement of the uterus, either the non-pregnant or pregnant, under in situ conditions even at a dose of 1 mg/kg (i.v.). Basic FGF did not influence the pupil size. 4. Respiratory and circulatory systems: Basic FGF had no effect on the isolated heart. The influence was not exerted on the heart rate for the isolated atria but slight inhibition of contractile force was observed at 10(-4) g/ml. In anesthetized dogs a decrease in blood pressure, a slight increase in heart rate and respiratory rate and a decrease in femoral blood flow were observed at 0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg (i.v.) of bFGF Similarly, a slight increase in heart rate and a slight decrease of blood pressure were observed at 1 mg/kg (s.c.) in conscious rats. 5. Digestive system: Administration of bFGF at 1 mg/kg did not result in changes in the transport capacity within the gastrointestinal tract (s.c., i.v.) and the secretion of the gastric juice (s.c.). 6. Urine output and electrolyte metabolism: Basic FGF produced a decrease in urinary Na+ excretion at 1 mg/kg (s.c.), and showed a tendency to increase in urinary volume at 0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg (i.v.). At 1 mg/kg (i.v.) urinary excretion of Na+ and Cl- was decreased significantly. It had no effect on the ability of rats to excrete PSP (phenol red) up to 1 mg/kg (s.c.). 7. Blood system: Basic FGF did not influence the coagulation time of the whole blood, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time of rats up to 1 mg/kg (s.c., i.v.). It did not influence the aggregation of rabbit platelets induced by collagen and ADP up to 10(-4) g/ml. Basic FGF at concentration of 10(-4) g/ml exhibited no hemolytic action. 8. Local action: Plantar subcutaneous injection of bFGF at above 0.005 mg/site induced edema by itself on and after the next day, and also reinforced carrageenin-induced edema from 1 day after injection. The results show that bFGF did not produce any acute effects on the somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system, smooth muscle and blood system. In contrast, bFGF produced slight effects on the circulatory system, central nervous system and kidney function when injected systemically. Subcutaneous administration may produce edema at the s
 ...
PMID:General pharmacology of recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor. 884 46

The carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndromes are a group of recently described autosomal recessive, metabolic defects affecting multiple systems. The disorder is caused by inefficient posttranslational glycosylation of glycoproteins. Patients with the syndrome present early in life with psychomotor retardation, seizures, hypotonia, and stroke-like episodes. They also have dysmorphic features including almond-shaped eyes, constant squint, inverted nipples, and buttock fat pads. One of the features of the syndrome is coagulopathy, and we report here a patient who presented with a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, and was subsequently diagnosed with the carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome. We also summarize the results of five previously published studies of the coagulation system in these patients. Most of the reported patients are deficient in factor XI, protein C, antithrombin III, and protein S. Other coagulation proteins are less frequently affected. Both bleeding and thrombosis have been observed, yet the cause of the stroke-like episodes remains speculative. The carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome is an increasingly recognized multisystem disorder affecting hemostasis, and thus will involve clinical hematologists as part of a multidisciplinary team caring for patients with the syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Coagulation abnormalities in the carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome: case report and review of the literature. 988 8

A 5-year-old boy with generalized absence seizures was treated with valproate (VPA), 30 mg/kg/day. One month after VPA introduction, routine examination showed moderate reduction in fibrinogen and prolonged partial thromboplastin time (PTT). The search for lupus anticoagulant (LAC) was negative. After 10 months of VPA treatment, seizures persisted, and lamotrigine (LTG), 2 mg/kg/day, was progressively given with VPA. Seizures disappeared, but PTT was more prolonged than before LTG introduction. The search for LAC was positive, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for immunoglobulin G (IgG) anticardiolipid antibodies were positive. Serum autoantibody screen and rheumatoid factor were negative; serum complement was normal. LAC eventually disappeared with VPA discontinuation. We believe that LTG may have exacerbated an initially mild immune response induced by VPA without clinical evidence of systemic disease. We therefore suggest that careful surveillance for LAC and systemic disease should be instituted when VPA is used with LTG.
 ...
PMID:Lupus anticoagulant induced by the combination of valproate and lamotrigine. 1056 97

Valproic acid (VPA) is used in the treatment of seizure disorders often present in patients with cerebral palsy. The charts of 114 patients with cerebral palsy were reviewed to evaluate the effect of VPA on blood loss during spine surgery. Forty-one patients had seizure disorders. Of these, 18 were taking VPA as monotherapy (group III) and the remaining 23 patients were taking other antiseizure medications, including two taking VPA (group II). There was a significant increase in the number of patients with abnormal bleeding times and a significant difference (p < 0.001) in blood loss (ml/kg) in patients taking VPA as monotherapy (38.6 ml/kg vs. 30.0 ml/kg). There was also increased blood-product administration postoperatively in the VPA monotherapy patients. Physicians should be aware of this potential association between VPA use and increased blood loss. The routine laboratory tests of complete blood count, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time will not adequately screen for the platelet-mediated effects of VPA.
 ...
PMID:The effect of valproic acid on blood loss in patients with cerebral palsy. 1057 51


1 2 3 Next >>