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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A tabular synopsis is presented for articles concerned with the effects of peptides on the central nervous system that appeared in the journal Peptides from 1980-1985. A table arranged alphabetically by peptide and one arranged by effects, both listing routes of injection, species, direction of change, and qualifying notes, provides easy cross-referencing of peptides and their effects. Over 80 peptides and over 135 effects are listed. The list of peptides includes, but is not limited to: ACTH, angiotensin, bombesin, bradykinin, calcitonin, casomorphin, CCK, ceruletide, CGRP, CRF, dermorphin, DSIP, dynorphin, endorphins, enkephalins, GRF, gastrin, LHRH, litorin, metkephamid, MIF-l, motilin, MSH, NPY, NT, oxytocin, ranatensin, sauvagine, substances P and K, somatostatin, TRH, VIP, vasopressin, and vasotocin. The list of effects includes, but is not limited to: aggression, alcohol, analgesia, attention, avoidance, behavior, cardiovascular regulation, catalepsy, conditioned behavior, convulsions, dopamine binding and metabolism, discrimination, drinking, EEG, exploration, feeding, fever, gastric secretion, GI motility, grooming, learning, locomotor behavior, mating, memory, neuronal activity, open field, operant behavior, rearing, respiration, satiety, scratching, seizure, sleep, stereotypy, temperature, thermoregulation and tolerance.
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PMID:Central nervous system effects of peptides, 1980-1985: a cross-listing of peptides and their central actions from the first six years of the journal Peptides. 353 8

Kainic acid (KA) injected focally into the amygdala induced spontaneous recurrent motor seizures. One to 6 hr after the injection of KA, the hippocampal ir-dynorphin (ir-DYN) was significantly lowered whereas 24 hr after the injection it increased. The hippocampal level of ir-alpha-neoendorphin decreased 6 hr after KA injection, and reached the control level 24 hr after the injection. Chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg) and phenobarbital (40 mg/kg) blocked convulsions as well as the increase in the ir-DYN content. Cycloheximide (500 micrograms icv) also antagonized the increase in the hippocampal ir-DYN. The above findings suggest that hippocampal dynorphin-related peptides are released during the seizures and that these peptides may play a physiological role in the seizure phenomena and limbic excitability.
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PMID:Changes in hippocampal immunoreactive dynorphin and neoendorphin content following intra-amygdalar kainic acid-induced seizures. 613 84

The influence of amygdaloid kindling on brain and pituitary content of immunoreactive dynorphin (IR-DYN) and other opioid peptides was studied in rabbits. The kindling was very effective in increasing the hippocampal levels of IR-DYN, alpha-neoendorphin and Leu-enkephalin, but remained without any significant effect on the levels of IR-DYN and beta-endorphin in the majority of brain structures studied. The concentration of IR-DYN in the hippocampus remained at the control level throughout the development but was increased dramatically after completion of kindling. Biochemical alterations persisted for at least one month following the completion of kindling. The obtained results suggest that the hippocampal IR-DYN and related peptides may play some role in the maintenance of amygdaloid-kindled seizures.
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PMID:Opioid peptides, particularly dynorphin, after amygdaloid-kindled seizures. 613 21

The naturally epileptic Mongolian gerbil was used to investigate the epileptogenic properties of beta-endorphin, dynorphin, met-enkephalin and morphine. The results indicate that opioid induced "seizures" are different from naturally spontaneous seizures in the gerbil in respect to EEG recording and motor behavior. Evidence for a protective role in preventing seizures is also presented.
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PMID:Opioid peptides and seizures in the spontaneously epileptic Mongolian gerbil. 614 1

The review, based largely on our own results describes the present state of knowledge of some aspects of opioid peptides and their physiological role. Studies on the effect of opioid peptides and opiates on brain function and the changes of brain level of endogenous opioids under various conditions have demonstrated, among others, the role of opioids in stress and stress-induced analgesia, the involvement of various opioid receptors in spinal mechanisms of analgesia, the inhibitory role of dynorphin in seizures in contrast to proconvulsant action of beta-endorphin system and mu receptor, and led to postulation of the role of beta-endorphin interaction with serotonin for ingestive behavior and a possible involvement of beta-endorphin system in the mechanism of action of antidepressant treatments.
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PMID:Some aspects of physiology and pharmacology of endogenous opioid peptides. 614 28

The effects of various opiate receptor agonists on the seizure threshold after an intravenous infusion of pentylenetetrazol were investigated in rats. The mu- and epsilon-receptor agonists, morphine (20-40 micrograms) and beta-endorphin (5-10 micrograms) show proconvulsant properties towards clonic and tonic seizures. The delta-receptor agonist (D-Ala2,D-Leu5-enkephalin, DADL 5-40 micrograms) and alpha-neoendorphin (20-40 micrograms) show pro- and anticonvulsant properties towards clonic and tonic seizures, respectively. Anticonvulsant properties of DADL are possibly due to its action on the spinal cord, since after the intrathecal injection this effect is still observed. Similarities between DADL and alpha-neoendorphin suggest that they may act through the same receptor. The kappa-receptor agonist dynorphin A (5-20 micrograms) and its degradation-resistant analogue D-Arg-dynorphin1-13 (10 micrograms) show significant anticonvulsant properties. Our present results suggest that the kappa-receptor agonist dynorphin may act physiologically as an endogenous anticonvulsant, in contrast to other opioid peptides.
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PMID:The effect of various opiate receptor agonists on the seizure threshold in the rat. Is dynorphin an endogenous anticonvulsant? 631 15

When vasopressin is administered into the lateral ventricles of rats it produces severe convulsive activity characterized by a rapid barrel rotation. Electrical recordings from the dorsal hippocampus indicate marked elevations in the amplitude and frequency at doses of 5 microliter of 2 x 10(-5) M vasopressin. No significant behavioral effects were noted with oxytocin, somatostatin, beta-melanophore-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropin, or leu-enkephalin. Pretreatment of the rats with intraventricularly administered oxytocin, beta-MSH, or systemically administered Dilantin prevented the vasopressin-induced seizures. With the use of chemical and enzymic modification procedures, the essential fragment and amino acids of vasopressin needed for the activity were determined. It was concluded that although the peptide could be acting by vasoconstricting blood arterioles and capillaries in the brain, it may also be exerting a direct excitatory action on neurons.
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PMID:Chemical requirements of vasopressins for barrel rotation convulsions and reversal by oxytocin. 740 Nov 98

Expression of the opioid peptides dynorphin and enkephalin is altered within the first 24 h after acutely induced seizures in certain experimental models of epilepsy. Using in situ hybridization, we examined the expression of prodynorphin and preproenkephalin messenger RNA acutely following induction of kindling with recurrent seizures and in two models of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy: (i) rats fully kindled with rapidly recurring hippocampal seizures; and (ii) rats surviving after self-sustaining limbic status epilepticus induced with focal electrical stimulation of the hippocampus. In naive animals, a ventral-dorsal gradient was identified in the expression of both prodynorphin and preproenkephalin messenger RNA in the dentate gyrus and expression of prodynorphin message was demonstrated for the first time in the ventral portion of cornu Ammonis regio superior. After stimulation producing rapidly recurring hippocampal seizures, acute decreases in prodynorphin messenger RNA were seen in the dentate gyrus and cornu Ammonis regio superior at 24 h after the last seizure. In contrast, increases in preproenkephalin messenger RNA expression were seen acutely in the dentate gyrus, with a decrease seen in the entorhinal cortex. The change in prodynorphin message expression in cornu Ammonis regio superior persisted in kindled animals that were studied after one month seizure-free period. There were no changes in preproenkephalin message in kindled animals studied after the one month seizure-free interval. No statistically significant changes were found for either prodynorphin or preproenkephalin message in the post-self-sustaining limbic status epilepticus group at one month following induced seizures. Acute changes in peptide expression may contribute to increased excitation in the dentate gyrus during induction of kindling, while the chronic change identified in cornu Ammonis regio superior may contribute directly to persistently increased excitability in this region.
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PMID:Opioid peptide expression in models of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy. 760 77

Immunocytochemical technics were used to evaluate the influence of penicillin-induced seizure and electroacupuncture treatment on dynorphin1-8 and leu-enkephalin immunoreactivity in hippocampus. It was found that 3 h after beginning of seizure there started a dramatic decrease in dynorphin1-8 in hilus, mossy fiber of hippocampus but an increase in hilus, mossy fiber of hippocampus but an increase in leu-enkephalin in subiculum, CA1 area of hippocampus and some other limbic structures. Electroacupuncture treatment decreased the leu-enkephalin immunoreactivity in the nuclei mentioned above and increased dynorphin1-8 immunoreactivity in hippocampus. The results show that epileptiform activity and electroacupuncture inhibitory effect on seizure may be related to the alteration of dynorphin1-8 and leu-enkephalin in the brain.
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PMID:[Alteration of dynorphin1-8 and leu-enkephalin in rat hippocampus during seizure and electroacupuncture]. 791 32

The changes of opioid peptide reactivity in seizure activity have been well studied in animals. Increased enkephalin and dynorphin immunoreactivity in the hippocampi of animals are interpreted as the result of seizure induced mossy fibre sprouting. We studied the hippocampi of six patients with a history of long-standing grand mal seizures and six age-matched control patients with no history of epilepsy or neurologic disease, using frozen sections which were immunostained with antibodies against Leu-enkephalin and Met-enkephalin. The staining intensity in the CA3, CA4 and internal molecular layer of the dentate fascia in each case was quantified using optical densitometry image analysis. The CA3 and CA4 of the epileptic hippocampi showed highly significant increase in Leu-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity compared to the controls (P < 0.005) while the inner molecular layer showed only significant increase (P < 0.05). Met-Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was only significantly increased in CA4 of the epileptic hippocampi (P < 0.05).
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PMID:Increase in enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in hippocampi of adults with generalized epilepsy. 795 7


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