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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two cases of pertussis complicated by the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) are reported. Both patients experienced seizures associated with hyponatremia. Patients with severe pertussis are at risk for SIADH and should be monitored closely for its development.
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PMID:Pertussis complicated by the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Pathophysiology and management. 394 53

Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) arginine-vasopressin (AVP) injections in rats evoke an unusual motor response termed 'barrel rotation' (BR). This report documents several aspects of BR after i.c.v. AVP in conscious, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats: single i.c.v. AVP injections (100-1000 ng/5 microliters) evoke BR in about 50% of naive rats with no relationship to dose and 20% mortality; no directional preference exists for BR, and sensitivity to BR does not vary over a weight range of 301-475 g; continuous i.c.v. AVP infusions at doses of 50-2500 ng/h evoked BR in 13 and 50% of rats tested at the extreme ranges; latency to BR was always within 3-6 min in infusion experiments; a protocol where rats received a single i.c.v. AVP injection (1 microgram) on day 1 followed on day 3 by 0.5 micrograms, increased the proportion of rats with BR from 51% to 83% (P less than 0.05), indicating a sensitization phenomenon; latency to BR after single i.c.v. injections did not fit the assumption of single underlying normal distribution; a novel method to analyze these data, hazard plotting, revealed two phases to the BR latency under ambient illumination. The following paper presents evidence of visual/vestibular involvement and the efficacy of anti-seizure drugs. Collectively, the data are compatible with the hypothesis that brain vasopressin pathways are involved in some abnormalities of motor output.
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PMID:Barrel rotation evoked by intracerebroventricular vasopressin injections in conscious rats. I. Description and general pharmacology. 394 85

In an attempt to kindle seizures with arginine-vasopressin (AVP), we injected AVP into the amygdala or hippocampus of rats. Although behavioral and electrographic alterations were sometimes observed, seizures failed to develop, even in rats that had previously been kindled with electrical stimulation. This and previous failures to kindle seizures by intraventricular injections of AVP call into question the possibility of AVP kindling.
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PMID:Failure to kindle seizures after repeated intracerebral administration of arginine vasopressin. 395 22

Motor disturbances observed in Brattleboro rats (homozygous for the diabetes insipidus (DI) trait) following a first intracerebroventricular injection of 1.0 microgram of arginine vasopressin (AVP) were not significantly different from those of the parent Long-Evans (LE) strain. These disturbances consisted of periods of staring and immobility, locomotor difficulties and discrete myoclonic jerks, often followed by scratching behavior. Following a second central injection of 10.0 ng AVP, however, the DI strain exhibited more pronounced motor disturbances than the LE strain. This increased sensitivity of the DI strain to the behavioral actions of AVP does not appear to be due to a generalized decrease of seizure threshold, since no significant differences were observed between the two strains in their susceptibility to convulse following pentylenetetrazol. As the behavioral and motor effects of AVP appear to be receptor-mediated, these findings suggest that homozygous DI rats possess central AVP receptors, which, in the absence of endogenous vasopressin, may have increased sensitivity to a second central injection of AVP.
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PMID:Brattleboro rats display increased sensitivity to arginine vasopressin-induced motor disturbances. 404 33

Both opioid peptides such as beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin and nonopioid peptides such as vasopressin and oxytocin increase pain thresholds in rodents. Antisera raised against each of these peptides have been developed for use in immunocytochemical and radioimmunoassay procedures. The present study assessed whether central administration of antisera raised against beta-endorphin (ABE), met-enkephalin (AME), arginine, vasopressin (AAVP) or oxytocin (AOT) altered tail-flick latencies elicited by three different levels of radiant heat, jump thresholds, core body temperatures and locomotor activity. ABE induced a transient hyperalgesia on the tail-flick test at thermal levels at which beta-endorphin administration would elicit an analgesic effect. While met-enkephalin increases tail-flick latencies elicited by high thermal levels, AME failed to alter latencies at this level, but rather induced a short-acting hyperalgesia at a low thermal level. While vasopressin increased tail-flick latencies at high thermal levels, AAVP produced reciprocal decreases. Yet AAVP inexplicably induced analgesic effects at moderate and low thermal levels. Finally, while oxytocin increased latencies at high thermal levels, AOT failed to alter latencies. Rather, it decreased latencies at the moderate thermal level and increased latencies at the low thermal level. Neither jump thresholds nor core body temperatures were affected by any antiserum pretreatment. While activity levels were unaffected by either ABE, AME or AAVP pretreatment, AOT decreased activity in a fashion complementry to oxytocin-induced hyperactivity and seizures. There data are discussed in terms of tonic versus phasic influences of these peptides upon pain perception.
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PMID:Pain threshold changes in rats following central injection of beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin, vasopressin or oxytocin antisera. 609 76

We studied the hormonal responses to a generalized tonic-clonic convulsion in 20 patients with idiopathic or posttraumatic epilepsy (6 patients) or alcohol-withdrawal seizures (14 patients). We found an increase shortly after the seizure in plasma levels of ACTH, beta endorphin, beta lipotropin, prolactin, and vasopressin, and a later increase in plasma cortisol. There was no significant change in levels of growth hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicular stimulating hormone, or plasma renin activity. An increase in plasma ACTH level was accompanied by a rise in beta lipotropin and beta endorphin, and followed by a rise in plasma cortisol. In 2 patients there was no postictal increase in plasma prolactin, despite changes in other hormones. There was no difference in the nature or time course of the hormonal changes in patients with alcohol-withdrawal seizures and those with seizures from other causes. The mechanisms subserving these changes are unknown. Nonspecific stress influences the release of certain hormones, but the absence of a significant growth hormone response suggests that this was probably not responsible for our findings. It is possible that the generalized neuronal discharge of a seizure stimulates the hypothalamus either directly, through specific neurotransmitter changes, or through the release of other substances. One possibility that we are investigating in experimental animals is that endogenous opioids are involved, especially in the release of prolactin.
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PMID:The hormonal responses to generalized tonic-clonic seizures. 614 54

A case of the inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone syndrome (SIADH) associated with uneventful repair of a cleft palate in a child with Pierre Robin syndrome is reported. Excess secretion of ADH is seen with pulmonary disease, intracranial infections, and trauma and as a side effect of numerous drugs. Symptoms may be vague but ultimately progress to seizure or coma. Diagnosis is made by confirming hyponatremia and serum hyposmolality in the presence of less than maximally dilute urine with relative sodium wasting. Treatment usually consists of reversing the underlying disorder, fluid restriction, and occasionally hypertonic saline or drug administration. Because of its association with neurological disorders, SIADH should be considered in any patient with an unexplained change in neurological symptoms.
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PMID:The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone associated with cleft palate: report of a case and review of the literature. 636 9

In an attempt to confirm a previous report that two intracerebroventricular injections of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) can kindle convulsive seizures, we injected AVP up to 14 times. Although behavioral and electrographic effects were observed, seizures failed to develop with any reliability. These results call into question the phenomenon of AVP kindling.
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PMID:Vasopressin and the kindling of seizures. 647 59

Recent neuroanatomical and behavioral evidence has indicated that vasopressin (VP) increases pain thresholds. In the present study intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of both arginine VP (AVP: 75-500 ng) and 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP: 150-500 ng) elevated tail flick latencies. Oxytocin (OXY, ICV), also elevated tail-flick latencies (150-1000 ng); however this increase was accompanied by "barrel-roll" seizure activity. VP analgesia was eliminated by pretreatment with 1-deamino-penicillamine-2(O-methyl)tyrosine-AVP (dPTyr(me)AVP: 500 ng, ICV), a VP antagonist, but not naloxone (1 or 10 micrograms, ICV), suggesting that VP modulates nonciceptive thresholds through its own binding sites. Conversely, pretreatment with naloxone (1 micrograms, ICV) but not dPTyr(me)AVP (1 microgram, ICV) attenuated the analgesic efficacy of systemic morphine (10 mg/kg), further dissociating VP and central opiate analgesic processes. Finally, systemic pretreatment with dexamethasone potentiated VP analgesia. These data support the notion that VP is a specific non-opioid pain inhibitor.
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PMID:Vasopressin analgesia: specificity of action and non-opioid effects. 649 25

Homozygous and heterozygous Brattleboro rats and Long--Evans control rats were subjected to repeated electrical stimulation of the amygdala or pyriform cortex in a kindling paradigm. The homozygous Brattleboro group stimulated in the amygdala was retarded in its kindling rate relative to heterozygous Brattleboros and Long--Evans controls. The retarded kindling rate of the homozygous Brattleboros stimulated in the amygdala is attributed to a delay in seizure development at stages 1 and 2 which suggests that vasopressin may be necessary for normal kindling from the amygdala to take place.
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PMID:Amygdala and pyriform cortex kindling in vasopressin deficient rats (Brattleboro strain). 661 85


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