Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human parvovirus B19 infection causes most clinically defined aplastic crises in homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease. With transfusion support, the outcome is generally benign; however, cerebrovascular complications in close temporal association with B19-induced aplastic crises have been described. We carried out a retrospective review, between 1978 and 1999, of 346 aplastic crises in patients with SS disease attending the Sickle Cell Clinic of the University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. Six cerebrovascular episodes, 5 with hemiplegia, occurred within 2 days of aplastic crises; and 4, all with features of encephalitis, occurred within 2 to 5 weeks. Hemiplegia in 2 children resolved completely, one is improving, and one persists 20 years later; one patient died from recurrent strokes. Of the 4 children whose events occurred later, all had seizure disorders and 2 had transient cortical blindness. The crude risk of cerebrovascular episodes in the 5-week interval after B19 infection was calculated as 58 times greater than expected, which is suggestive of a causal association.
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PMID:Cerebrovascular complications and parvovirus infection in homozygous sickle cell disease. 1156 26

We report a 5-year-old girl who developed repeated episodes of behavioral alterations shortly after human parvovirus B19 infection and uveitis. Video-electroencephalographic study demonstrated that these brief episodes were frontal lobe seizures. Seizures responded promptly to antiepilepsy medications. Further diagnostic testing did not reveal any rheumatologic disorders. Human parvovirus B19 infections in children are more commonly associated with febrile seizures and meningoencephalitis. Our case demonstrates that, rarely, it may be associated with the development of partial epilepsy.
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PMID:Frontal lobe seizures and uveitis associated with acute human parvovirus B19 infection. 1516 99

Human parvovirus B19 is a common cause of benign erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) in otherwise healthy children. Immunocompromized patients are at risk of developing chronic infections leading to chronic hyporegenerative anemia. We report the case of a nine-year-old boy who presented five days after renal transplantation with seizures and signs of encephalitis on MRI. The clinical course was characterized by anemia and seroconversion for parvovirus B19 accompanied by a high viral load (>10(9) copies per milliliter). A transfusion of red blood cells that the patient required after transplantation was found to be negative for parvovirus B19, leaving the donated organ as the most likely source of infection. Reduction of the immunosuppressive regimen led to complete recovery of the patient with a stable RBC count upon discharge. Parvovirus B19 infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis of seizures after solid organ transplantation.
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PMID:Severe parvovirus B19 encephalitis after renal transplantation. 1709 71

The spectrum of symptoms correlated to parvovirus B19 infections has expanded greatly during the past years. We report a case of anaemia, encephalitis-like symptoms and acute hepatitis in a 15-months-old Danish girl associated with parvovirus B19, verified by positive serum IgM og IgG antibodies. She presented with non-febrile seizures and decreased level of consciousness. Later she developed signs of acute hepatitis. The course was benign.
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PMID:[Neurological symptoms and acute hepatitis associated with parvovirus B19]. 1807 65

A 5-year-old male, drowsy, jaundiced child presented with fulminant hepatitis and had HAV and HEV infection. He had hepatic encephalopathy grade 1, fever, pallor, hypotension, crepitations in his right lung base and hepatosplenomegaly with dyspnoea. He had highly raised liver enzymes and hypoalbuminemia (2.8 g/dl) but anemia (hemoglobin of 7.7 g/dl and 5.7 g/dl 2 days later), reticulocytopenia and severe thrombocytopenia (44 x 10(9)/l) were unexplained. Parvovirus B19-specific IgM antibodies and B19 DNA were found in the serum of the child. Chest X-ray showed pleural effusion and bronchopneumonia, while blood culture isolated coagulase-negative staphylococci (BACTEC 9120) and he had low oxygen saturation. Hence, he was treated with IV amoxicillin+ clavulinic acid and oxygen inhalation. He had seizures and cardiac arrest but was revived. On the third day his condition worsened and the child died despite intensive care. Hence it is concluded that his anemia and thrombocytopenia were B19 induced and this might have aggravated or caused fulminant hepatitis.
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PMID:Parvovirus B19-induced thrombocytopenia and anemia in a child with fatal fulminant hepatic failure coinfected with hepatitis A and E viruses. 1920 89

This case report highlights the course of two healthy unrelated children with an encephalopathy characterised by dyskinesia, seizures, hemiparesis and behavioural change associated with recent human parvovirus B19 infection. The cases are compared with a previously described case of childhood chorea encephalopathy associated with human parvovirus B19 infection.
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PMID:Childhood chorea-encephalopathy associated with recent parvovirus B19 infection in two Jamaican children. 2111 30

Hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome involves sudden and prolonged unilateral seizures, followed by transient or permanent hemiplegia and epilepsy during infancy or early childhood. Some patients with familial hemiplegic migraine and demonstrating the S218L mutation in CACNA1A experience severe attacks with unilateral cerebral edema after trivial head trauma. We report on a 5-year-old Japanese girl presenting with hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome after infection with parvovirus B19. Magnetic resonance imaging performed 2 days after admission revealed cerebellar atrophy and marked hyperintensity in the left hemisphere on T(2)-weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging. Magnetic resonance angiography performed 7 days after admission demonstrated obliteration of the left proximal middle cerebral artery in the acute phase. However, this finding was not evident on brain angiography performed 25 hours after magnetic resonance angiography. Genetic analysis of familial hemiplegic migraine revealed a heterozygous S218L mutation in CACNA1A. Taken together, these results suggest that vasospasms of cerebral vascular smooth muscle, with possible cortical spreading depression, may have caused the hemiconvulsions and hemiplegia in the left hemisphere. This case report is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to associate CACNA1A with hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome and familial hemiplegic migraine, and to suggest that similar pathogenic mechanisms may underlie these two disorders.
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PMID:Hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome associated with CACNA1A S218L mutation. 2182 70

While most parvovirus B19 or HHV-6 infections resolve without sequelae, rheumatologic and hemolytic complications and seizures can develop.
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PMID:Fifth and sixth diseases: more than a fever and a rash. 2534 59

Reports of neurologic manifestations of human parvovirus B19 (B19) infection have been on the rise. Acute encephalitis and encephalopathy is the most common, accounting for 38.8% of total B19-associated neurological manifestations. To date, 34 children with B19 encephalitis and encephalopathy have been reported, which includes 21 encephalitis and 13 encephalopathy cases. Ten (29%) were immunocompromised and 17 (39%) had underlying diseases. Fever at the onset of disease and rash presented in 44.1% and 20.6% of patients, respectively. Neurological manifestations include alteration of consciousness occurred in all patients, seizures in 15 (44.1%) patients, and focal neurologic signs in 12 (35.3%) patients. Anemia and pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurred in 56.3% and 48.1% of patients, respectively. Serum Anti-B19 IgM (82.6%) and CSF B19 DNA (90%) were positive in the majority of cases. Some patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulins and/or steroids, although an accurate evaluation of the efficacy of these treatment modalities cannot be determined. Nineteen (57.6%) patients recovered completely, 11 (33.3%) patients had some neurological sequelae and 3 (8.8%) patients died. Although the precise pathogenesis underlying the development of B19 encephalitis and encephalopathy is unclear, direct B19 infection or NS1protein of B19 toxicity in the brain, and immune-mediated brain injuries have been proposed.
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PMID:Acute encephalitis and encephalopathy associated with human parvovirus B19 infection in children. 2656 85

Human Parvovirus B19 (PVB19), the etiological agent of the fifth disease, is associated with a large spectrum of pathologies, among which is encephalitis. Since it has been detected from the central nervous system in children or in immunocompromised patients, its causative role in serious neurological manifestations is still unclear. Here we report the case of an 18-year-old healthy boy who developed encephalitis complicated by prolonged status epilepticus. The detection of PVB19 DNA in his serum and, subsequently, in his cerebrospinal fluid supports the hypothesis that this virus could potentially play a role in the pathogenesis of neurological complications. In addition, the detection of viral DNA and the presence of specific IgM and IgG antibodies in serum, together with clinical findings such as skin rash, support the presence of a disseminated viral infection. In the presence of neurological disorders, especially when there are no specific signs, but seizures and rash are present, it is important to search for PVB19 both in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Moreover, the introduction of the PVB19 DNA test into diagnostic protocols of neuropathies, especially those undiagnosed, could clarify the etiological agent that otherwise could remain unrecognized.
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PMID:Focal epilepsy as a long term sequela of Parvovirus B19 encephalitis. 2713 Sep 81


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