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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present prospective study undertaken in a specialized neurological center of a developing country deals with 1,000 epileptic patients classified in accordance with the International Classification. Eighty-one percent of the patients could be classified, with a lower incidence in the younger age group. Partial epilepsy was found to be far more common than generalized epilepsy (80% versus 20%). Primary generalized epilepsy was seen in 15% and secondary generalized in 5%. Partial epilepsy with elementary symptomatology was seen in 58% and complex symptomatology in 7%. Secondarily generalized seizures were seen in the remaining 15%. Primary generalized epilepsy and partial epilepsy with complex symptomatology were more common in adults. Secondary generalized epilepsy and partial epilepsy with secondarily generalized seizures were more common in children. Partial epilepsy with elementary symptomatology, however, did not vary significantly with age. The higher incidence of partial epilepsy in our patients, compared to the West, could be due to greater frequency of CNS infections and birth injuries, which are common childhood hazards in the developing countries.
Epilepsia 1977 Dec
PMID:Profile of epilepsy in a developing country: a study of 1,000 patients based on the international classification. 41 69

A 10 month old female infant was evaluated for severe lactic acidosis. Clinically she was well nourished and had a substantial amount of adipose tissue despite recurrent episodes of acidosis. Her psychomotor development was retarded, her movements were dystonic and generalized seizures punctuated her course. Metabolic abnormalities included elevated blood concentrations of lactate, pyruvate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, alanine, proline and glycine, decreased blood concentrations of glutamine, aspartate, valine and citrate, and intermittent elevations of serum cholesterol. A trial on a high-fat diet worsened the clinical condition and intensified the ketoacidosis and hyperalaninemia. Analysis of hepatic tissue obtained by open biopsy revealed increased concentrations of lactate, alanine, acetyl-CoA and other short-chain acyl-CoA esters, and decreased concentrations of oxaloacetate, citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, malate and aspartate. The blood and tissue metabolic perturbations reflected a deficiency of hepatic pyruvate carboxylase. The apparent Km of hepatic citrate synthase for oxaloacetate was 4.6 micrometer. Calculated tissue oxaloacetate concentrations were 0.50--0.84 micrometer suggesting that tricarboxylic acid cycle activity was severely limited by the decreased availability of this substrate. An iv glucose tolerance test resulted in the paradoxical synthesis of ketone bodies. This observation, coupled with the intermittent hypercholesterolemia and the increased tissue acetyl-CoA concentrations, suggests that pyruvate carboxylase is important in modulating the fractional distribution of intracellular acetyl-CoA between the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl-glutaryl-CoA cycle (and the synthesis of cholesterol and ketone bodies), and fatty acid synthesis. Treatment in future cases might be directed toward increasing tissue concentrations of oxaloacetate.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1977 Dec
PMID:The clinical and biochemical implications of pyruvate carboxylase deficiency. 41 60

Median reaction times and intra-individual variability were studied in epileptic (N = 63), brain-damaged (non-epileptic) (N = 25) and control patients (N = 25) using a six and one half minute visual, continuous reaction time task. Epileptic and brain-damaged groups were significantly slower than control patients on median reaction times at the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles and on the differences between the 10th and 90th percentiles. Thus both general slowing and greater intra-individual variability were found in the epileptic and brain-damaged patients. Reaction times were not related to presence, type and severity of EEG abnormality or to age of onset of epilepsy. Grand mal patients did have significantly greater variability than other types of seizure patients. Epileptic and brain-damaged patients did not differ significantly on any reaction time variables. Both groups were discriminated significantly from the controls on all reaction time measures, especially on the intra-individual variability measure.
Cortex 1977 Dec
PMID:Reaction time variability in epileptic and brain-damaged patients. 41 84

An investigation of certain electroencephalographic parameters recorded during 19 psychomotor attacks was made. Each attack had been recorded in full. Fourteen of the attacks were preceded by a temporal focus, 13 were provoked by hyperventilation, 18 were initiated focally, 9 were accompanied by seizure potentials, 7 revealed primary or secondary delta rhythms, and 8 were followed by temporal delta focus.
Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr (1970) 1977 Dec 28
PMID:[Electroencephalographic parameters in psychomotor attacks (author's transl)]. 41

In a longitudinal study of patients with epilepsy in Rochester, Minnesota, we found that the probability of being in remission (at least 5 consecutive years seizure-free, and continuing) at 20 years after diagnosis was 70%. The rates for remission we encountered were generally higher than those previously reported. We believe that the better prognosis in our series results from inclusion of all incidence cases in a defined population, beginning at the initial diagnosis of epilepsy. Prognosis for remission of epilepsy is poor in patients with associated neurologic dysfunction identified from birth. Patients with idiopathic seizures and survivors of postnatally acquired epilepsy have better prospects for eventual remission. The probability of remission is highest in patients with generalized-onset seizures diagnosed before 10 years of age. Prognosis is less favorable for those with partial complex seizures and adult-onset epilepsy.
Epilepsia 1979 Dec
PMID:Remission of seizures and relapse in patients with epilepsy. 49 18

The author has operated on 40 patients with giant intracranial aneurysms, using various surgical approaches. Giant aneurysms predominated in females (3:1) and were most common in the age group 30 to 60 years. Patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage (17), visual disturbance (18), chronic headache (14), transient or progressive hemispheric deficit (6), seizure (2), dementia (2), and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (1). Giant aneurysms were located at the carotid artery (25), the basovertebral artery (8), the anterior communicating artery (5), and the middle cerebral artery (2). Eight of 40 patients had one or more other aneurysms and/or associated arteriovenous malformations. Aneurysms were treated with intramural thrombosis (21), neck occlusion (7), trapping (10), proximal parent artery ligation (1), and aneurysmorrhaphy (1). After as much as 8 years of follow-up, 32 patients (80%) showed complete or marked improvement in signs and symptoms; two patients (5%) had a poor recovery. There were six surgical mortalities (15%). Giant aneurysms can be treated with respectable results if the surgeon selects the technique best suited to the particular aneurysm. In general, neck occlusion, trapping, and aneurysmorrhaphy are best for giant aneurysms of the anterior circulation, and intramural thrombosis is best for those of the posterior circulation. Extra- and intracranial vascular anastomotic techniques are also of value. For success, a flexible approach is essential.
J Neurosurg 1979 Dec
PMID:Direct surgical treatment of giant intracranial aneurysms. 50 18

We report a seven-year follow-up of identical twins, in one of whom subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) developed. Primary measles infection occurred simultaneous in both twins at age 4. The affected twin sustained a grade 1 closed head injury within six months of her primary measles infection. At age 13, SSPE was diagnosed following the onset of personality change and myoclonic seizures. Measles antibody level was elevated in the serum and CSF. After remaining in stage 2 for five years, rapid mental and neurological deterioration occurred. Measles antibody level remained elevated, and oligoclonal IgG was present in both serum and CSF. Results of neurological examination as well as virological and immunological tests were normal in the unaffected twin. Besides the occurrence of head injury, factors known to be associated with SSPE were not obviously different in the twins. We have been unable to determine a difference that would easily explain the occurrence of SSPE in only one of two identical twins.
Arch Neurol 1979 Dec
PMID:Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in only one of identical twins. A seven-year follow-up. 50 50

Eight cases of late infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy are reported. In all cases, the diagnosis was made during life on the basis of the clinical picture and course, the results of neurophysiological studies and the finding of typical spheroids in cortical or peripheral (skin and conjunctival) biopsies. A review of 76 previously published cases revealed that 42 displayed a stereotyped clinical picture identical to that exhibited by our 8 patients. The most important clinical features, as they emerge from the study of these 50 cases, are those of a progressive disorder starting at the end of the first or beginning of the second year of life, progressive motor and mental deterioration bilateral pyramidal tract signs, marked hypotonia and early visual disturbances without epileptic seizures. The presence of high voltage, fast rhythms in the EEG and signs of denervation of an anterior horn-cell type at EMG, with normal nerve conduction velocities, is frequent additional evidence in favour of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. The finding of spheroid bodies in axonal endings seems to be constant and is necessary for an in vivo diagnosis. Spheroids can be found in peripheral tissues, for example, skin and conjunctiva, and cortical biopsy is no longer required. The spheroids, however, are not specific and both clinical and pathological features are necessary to establish a firm diagnosis. Since infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy is a recessively inherited disorder its recognition is imperative even though the nosology of the disease remains uncertain.
Brain 1979 Dec
PMID:Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. 50 95

Sustained, generalized seizure activity was induced in anaesthetized (70% N2O), paralyzed and artifically ventilated rats by i.p. DL-homocysteine thiolactone in a dose of 11 mmol/kg. Epileptic discharges in the EEG were accompanied by marked perturbation of tissue metabolites. There was a fall in phosphocreatine concentration to 40% of control but only moderate changes in adenine nucleotides, a marked rise in lactate concentration, and a pronounced increase in the lactate/pyruvate ratio. Excessive amounts of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (and glyceraldehyde phosphate) accumulated, indicating that depletion of NAD+ occurred. There was marked accumulation of ammonia, glutamine and alanine, and reduction in glutamate and aspartate concentrations. Administration of a subconvulsive dose of homocysteine (7.5 mmol/kg) gave rise to changes in ammonia and amino acids, qualitatively similar to those occurring during seizures. It is concluded that although changes in the metabolites of the energy reserve were mainly caused by the induced seizures, those affecting amino acid concentrations were significantly influenced by accumulation of ammonia, secondary to metabolism of injected homocysteine. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen utilization (CMRO2) were measured during sustained seizures. CMRO2 rose to 150% of control, with a corresponding increase in CBF.
Brain Res 1979 Dec 21
PMID:Cerebral metabolic and circulatory changes in the rat during sustained seizures induced by DL-homocysteine. 50 26

Nine patients with intracerebral metastasis from lung carcinoma were treated with intracarotid and intravertebral artery infusion of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU). Four of these patients considered definite responders showed unequivocal clinical improvement and definite decreases in the size of tumors evaluated by neurologic examination, computerized tomographic (CT) scan and radionuclide brain scan (RBS). One patient's clinical condition stabilized with doubtful improvement of diagnostic tests (probable responder). The remaining four patients had further unfavorable progression of the clinical and scan findings and were clearly nonresponders. Complications were transient and included: local pain in the eye, orbit, and occipital-nuchal area during infusion in 7 patients, focal seizure in 3 patients, mild confusion with disorientation in 2 patients, and nausea in 2 patients. Our findings suggest that intra-arterial BCNU therapy may be effective and may be used as an adjuvant to surgery and/or radiotherapy for the treatment of metastatic brain tumor from lung carcinoma.
Cancer 1979 Dec
PMID:Intra-arterial BCNU therapy in the treatment of metastatic brain tumor from lung carcinoma: a preliminary report. 50 86


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