Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

ACTH1-24 (0.5 or 10 micrograms = 0.17 or 3.45 nmol) and D-Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide (DAME; 10 micrograms = 17.05 nmol) were injected unilaterally into the hippocampus of freely moving rats to examine their effects on EEG activity, DC potentials and behavior. In 85% of the rats DAME elicited spreading depression (SD) with epileptiform discharges preceding and following the wave of SD. The following behavioral changes were recorded. DAME- and KCl-induced SD were accompanied by an increase in locomotor activity and wet-dog shaking behavior, which occurred only during the period of SD. After a wave of SD induced by DAME a biphasic pattern of activity, consisting of an initial depression in locomotion followed by hyperactivity, appeared in 59% of the rats. ACTH1-24 elicited SD in 13% of the rats tested. Neither the dosage of ACTH1-24 nor the strain of rats influenced the occurrence of SD and the incidence of ACTH-induced grooming behavior. SD induced by KCl also resulted in excessive grooming comparable to that induced by ACTH1-24. In the case of KCl-induced SD, grooming began directly after the injection of KCl and was frequently interrupted by short periods of locomotion. ACTH-induced grooming had a later onset and episodes of stretching and yawning were observed. It can be concluded that the behavioral effects of the injection of DAME are unspecific responses to SD and seizure activity. However, ACTH-induced grooming is not solely a byproduct of SD, since it occurred also in the absence of SD.
 ...
PMID:Electroencephalographic spreading depression and concomitant behavioral changes induced by intrahippocampal injections of ACTH1-24 and D-Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide in the rat. 608 54

A behaviorally potent analog of ACTH/MSH(4-9), ORG-2766, markedly reduces both physiologic and behavioral components of convulsive seizures in an animal model of epilepsy--the amygdaloid kindled rat. We believe that such non-endocrine analogs of ACTH/MSH fragments may be clinically useful anticonvulsants, particularly in chronic applications, provided that their permeation of the blood-brain barrier can be improved.
 ...
PMID:Reduction of amygdaloid kindled seizures by an analog of ACTH/MSH. 609 57

We studied the hormonal responses to a generalized tonic-clonic convulsion in 20 patients with idiopathic or posttraumatic epilepsy (6 patients) or alcohol-withdrawal seizures (14 patients). We found an increase shortly after the seizure in plasma levels of ACTH, beta endorphin, beta lipotropin, prolactin, and vasopressin, and a later increase in plasma cortisol. There was no significant change in levels of growth hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicular stimulating hormone, or plasma renin activity. An increase in plasma ACTH level was accompanied by a rise in beta lipotropin and beta endorphin, and followed by a rise in plasma cortisol. In 2 patients there was no postictal increase in plasma prolactin, despite changes in other hormones. There was no difference in the nature or time course of the hormonal changes in patients with alcohol-withdrawal seizures and those with seizures from other causes. The mechanisms subserving these changes are unknown. Nonspecific stress influences the release of certain hormones, but the absence of a significant growth hormone response suggests that this was probably not responsible for our findings. It is possible that the generalized neuronal discharge of a seizure stimulates the hypothalamus either directly, through specific neurotransmitter changes, or through the release of other substances. One possibility that we are investigating in experimental animals is that endogenous opioids are involved, especially in the release of prolactin.
 ...
PMID:The hormonal responses to generalized tonic-clonic seizures. 614 54

Fifty-five infants with infantile spasms and hypsarrhythmia, who were treated with ACTH using 80 units im every other day for a mean period of ten months, were studied retrospectively and showed better results than infants using so-called nonsteroidal anticonvulsants or ACTH and steroids in other doses and with other time intervals. The study showed that the treatment with ACTH within the first month of onset of spasms produced a higher incidence of spasm-free state while on treatment, a shorter duration of spasms while on treatment, and a higher incidence of spasm-free state while on treatment, a shorter duration of spasms while on treatment, and a higher incidence of a spasm-free state when off treatment, compared to a similar regimen of ACTH begun after seizures had persusted for more than a month. The value of early treatment of infantile spasms suggests that the treatment of this disease should be regarded as a medical emergency.
 ...
PMID:The effect of ACTH therapy upon infantile spasms. 624 78

Epilepsy in early childhood has been treated successfully with ACTH. However, side effects were significant due to the stimulation of the adrenal cortex by high doses of ACTH over a long time. It has been suggested, that ACTH does not influence the seizures via the adrenal cortex. Therefore we administered an ACTH fragment (ACTH 4-10) which does not influence the adrenal cortex. Seven children aged between 8 months and 13 1/2 years were treated at least for 3 weeks with doses from 15 mg twice daily to 12 x 30 mg/day. Adrenal stimulation did not occur as proven by normal circadian plasma cortisol levels. However, the EEG regularly repeated, did not show improvements. The frequency of seizure was not reduced. It is concluded that this ACTH fragment (ACTH 4-10) does neither influence the adrenal cortex nor the EEG nor the frequency of seizures in early childhood epilepsy.
 ...
PMID:[Therapeutic trial with a fragment of ACTH (ACTH 4-10) in early childhood epilepsy (author's transl)]. 624 84

A controlled study of 5 patients with infantile spasms was performed to determine the effectiveness of corticotropin (ACTH) treatment. Patients were monitored serially, using a time-synchronized polygraphic and video system. Serum cortisol levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. Four patients showed total cessation of seizures and normalization of the EEG on low-dose ACTH therapy. Two of these patients became hypertensive, requiring discontinuance of ACTH. Serum cortisol levels increased markedly in all patients after initiation of ACTh therapy. There appeared to be no consistent difference in serum cortisol levels between patients receiving 20 units/day of ACTH and those receiving 30 or 40 units/day, and there was no difference in cortisol levels in those patients who became hypertensive and those who did not.
 ...
PMID:A controlled study of ACTH therapy in infantile spasms. 625 55

A follow-up study was made on 200 children (115 boys, 85 girls) who had had infantile spasms, in order to compare their present condition over the age of six years with various prognostic factors. 48 of the children (30 males and 18 females) had died, and all the rest were aged six years or older at the time of final follow-up. 139 of the children had received ACTH therapy: at final follow-up, spasms had ceased in 43.5 per cent, and about the same proportion showed normal physical development; 23 per cent had normal mental development and 15.4 per cent were attending ordinary schools. Complete recovery (normal mental and physical development and attending ordinary schools) was achieved in only 19 cases (9.5 per cent). Of the cryptogenic cases, 44.4 per cent had made a full recovery. The poor prognostic factors for continuing seizures were evolution into other types of fits, relapse of seizures after ACTH therapy, seizures concomitant with spasms, and convulsions before the onset of spasms. Poor prognostic factors for physical development were delayed development before the onset of spasms, neurological abnormalities, PEG abnormality, symptomatic aetiology, neonatal convulsions, low birthweight, perinatal asphyxia and being female. Poor prognostic factors for mental development were delayed development before the onset of spasms, neurological abnormalities, PEG abnormality, prenatal and perinatal aetiology, relapse after initial ACTH therapy, laughing attacks, and evolution into other types of fits. Only in the cryptogenic cases was there significant correlation between the delay in treatment and the long-term prognosis for mental development. Poor prognostic factors for educability were very similar to those for mental development. In spite of conflicting views as to the long-term effects of ACTH, prompt treatment seems to be mandatory, at least in cryptogenic cases of infantile spasms.
 ...
PMID:Long-term prognosis after infantile spasms: a statistical study of prognostic factors in 200 cases. 625 7

In a 4-month-old female with agenesis of the corpus callosum, seizures resembling infantile spasms were observed succeeding tonic-clonic seizures. Interictal EEG revealed hypsarrhythmia with an asynchronous pattern. Overnight sleep polygraphy was performed before, during and after ACTH therapy. The results were as follows: 1) Clinical seizures were observed only before ACTH therapy. The clinical seizures and the ictal discharges without any apparent clinical seizures occurred in all stages of wakefulness, REM sleep and NREM sleep. 2) The clinical seizures first began with the tonic-clonic seizures and were followed by seizures resembling infantile spasms. The seizures resembling infantile spasms did not appear singly. The ictal discharges in the tonic-clonic seizures appeared only in one hemisphere and, moreover, asynchronously on many occasions. The polygram of a seizure resembling infantile spasms was just like that of infantile spasms. 3) Before ACTH therapy, decrease of REM sleep time and lack of slow wave sleep were found. Decrease of REM sleep time, lightening of sleep and prolongation of awake time were observed during ACTH therapy as compared with those before the therapy. It was indicated that the seizures resembling infantile spasms in the present case differed considerably from infantile spasms. In addition, it was suggested that the asynchrony of hypsarrhythmia and the asymmetry of ictal discharges were not attributable to agenesis of the corpus callosum but dysfunction of a lower area than the corpus callosum.
 ...
PMID:Overnight polygraphic study of agenesis of the corpus callosum with seizures resembling infantile spasms. 626 3

Overnight sleep polygrams were recorded before and during therapy in nine patients with infantile spasms. Results showed that ACTH therapy increased the waking time and decreased rapid eye movement sleep. Thus it caused sleep disturbance in patients with infantile spasms. During ACTH therapy the number of rapid eye movements/min and the pulse rate decreased significantly. Body movements/min also decreased, but not significantly. These results suggest that ACTH therapy may inhibit functions of the central nervous system. The respiratory rate increased during ACTH and clonazepam therapy, probably in association with the decrease or the absence of seizures. These findings indicate the necessity for further studies on whether ACTH therapy is really of value in patients with infantile spasms, and show that if ACTH is given, the period of therapy should be as short as possible.
 ...
PMID:Influence of ACTH therapy on overnight sleep polygrams in infantile spasms. 626 70

We investigated the prognostic factors for mental and physical development and seizure control by dividing the subjects into various etiologic groups in 200 patients with infantile spasms, all of whom (except 48 who died) were aged six years or older. The results were as follows: 1) Intermediate (4-12 mos) onset was found to be a favorable prognostic factor for seizure control in cryptogenic cases, although there was no relation between the age of onset and prognosis in other etiologic groups. 2) There was a significant correlation between the treatment lag and long-term prognosis for mental and physical development only in cryptogenic cases. A short treatment lag (0-2 mos) was associated with a good prognosis. All cryptogenic patients who had no relapse after ACTH therapy developed normally, although in symptomatic cases, there was no correlation between the relapse and the outcome.
 ...
PMID:Prognostic factors of infantile spasms from the etiological viewpoint. 627 14


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>