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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The protective effects of pentobarbitone, hydroxydione and diazepam against acute and chronic toxicity of high-pressure oxygen (HPO) were studied in rats. During exposure to hyperbaric oxygen body temperature was measured and ECG as well as EMG tracings from the diaphragm were obtained. Long term observations of animals after the exposure to HPO were conducted. Pentobarbitone and hydroxydione reduced the manifestations of acute toxicity but increased those of chronic toxicity. Diazepam reduced the manifestations of acute toxicity and seemed to counteract those of chronic toxicity. Lowering of body temperature of the animals which occurred during exposure to HPO was probably connected with manifestations of chronic toxicity. Observation of the cardiorespiratory functions suggested a possible connection between their disturbances and an onset of seizures and development of oxygen-induced paralysis.
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PMID:The protective action of certain anaesthetics and tranquilizers against the effects of hyperbaric oxygen. 1 48

Simultaneous measurements of extracellular unit activity and pO2 were made with single polarographic microelectrodes in penicillin foci of the bullfrog hippocampus. Individual penicillin-induced ECoG interictal discharges were often associated with both a burst of extracellular unit activity and a simultaneous transient decrease in pO2. The bursts of unit activity lasted up to 1500 msec and were followed by longer periods of inhibition. Transient decreases in pO2 began within 150 msec of the onsets of the bursts but outlasted the bursts by many seconds. The durations of the pO2 transients ranged from 10 to 90 sec, depending upon the frequency of interictal discharges. When the frequency of interictal discharges increased, the pO2 transients summated such that pO2 approached 0 mm Hg. The magnitude of the pO2 decrease was related to both the baseline pO2 and the intensity of the associated burst of action potentials. The transient decrease in pO2 most likely represents increased local tissue O2 consumption. These measurements provide, for the first time, a means of assessing the relationship between local neuronal activity and local oxygen utilization in seizures.
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PMID:Local oxygen tension and its relationship to unit activity during penicillin interictal discharges in the bullfrog hippocampus. 8 7

Rats with complete spinal transections were compressed in helium-oxygen to 120 bars. Tremors and increased EMG activity in limbs rostral as well as caudal to the lesions were observed beginning at 30 bars. Spinal seizures occurred at 95 bars, similar to cortical seizure thresholds of intact rats. Denervated limbs remained flaccid throughout the dives. No rostro-caudal progression of symptoms was evident in normal animals, but fluctuation of symptoms with increasing pressure was frequently observed. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the effects of pressure on aggregates of neurons exceed those on isolated components.
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PMID:Spinal cord seizures elicited by high pressures of helium. 8 59

It was shown that oxygen at high pressure (OHP) induced epileptic seizures and pulmonary damages on mice. Dipropylacetate protected mice against nervous syndrome better than did dipropylacetamide. No significant pulmonary protection was observed with both drugs.
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PMID:[Hyperbaric oxygen: effect of sodium dipropylacetate and dipropylacetamine on convulsion seizures and pulmonary lesions in the mouse]. 12 10

Electroencephalographic activity and extracellular discharges from neurons in deep temporal lobe structures were recorded from fine wire microelectrodes chronically implanted in seven psychomotor epileptic patients for diagnostic localization of seizure foci. In four patients, inhalation of 80 per cent nitrous oxide resulted in loss of consciousness without change in firing rates of temporal lobe neurons (n = 22). In all seven patients, thiopental (400 or 200 mg, iv) decreased limbic neuronal firing rates (n = 38) until the return of wakefulness. In only three of these patients, however, did the firing rates of the neurons (n = 19) decrease significantly (P less than .05). Thiopental suppression of unit activity was not related to systemic hypoxia. This study demonstrates that anesthetic induction with nitrous oxide-oxygen does not significantly affect the firing of neurons in various regions of the human limbic system, which may explain the incidence of patient awareness reported when nitrous oxide-oxygen is administered alone. Thiopental depresses the firing of limbic neurons, and this may account in part for the temporary confusion and amnesia often manifested by patients recovering from the effects of thiopental.
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PMID:Limbic neuronal firing rates in man during administration of nitrous oxide--oxygen or sodium thiopental. 17 77

Changes in cortical extracellular potassium activity ([K+]0), NADH fluorescence, and oxygen consumption were studied in anesthetized cats during pentylenetetrazol seizures. The effects of partial ischemia induced by either hypotension or intermittent carotid artery occlusion on these parameters were investigated. Nonischemic seizures were characterized by gradual generalized decreases in cortical NADH fluorescence and increases in O2 consumption, along with rapid increases in [K+]0, which then usually fell slightly as the ictal discharge continued. Ischemic seizures, on the other hand, were accompanied by complex changes in NADH fluorescence, by smaller delayed maximal increases in O2 consumption that lasted beyond the end of ictal activity, and by more sustained increases in [K+]0. The decay of [K+]0 after the termination of seizures in both nonischemic and moderately ischemic animals was not a monoexponential function: plots of ln delta [K+]0 versus time showed an initial linear decline (of slope M1) that rather abruptly slowed (to slope M2) after 2 to 5 sec and then often increased to the original rate. Both M1 and M2 were proportionately decreased by ischemia. In addition, the rate of [K+]0 removal could be slowed by acute ischemia induced either during or after the end of ictal activity. The initial rate of postictal [K+]0 removal (M1) was found to be linearly and inversely related to the level of cortical NADH fluorescence at the time of seizure termination. The results of this study suggest that an O2-dependent transport mechanism plays a major role in the removal of [K+]0 during and following the termination of generalized pentylenetetrazol seizures in the cat.
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PMID:Effects of ischemia on the removal of extracellular potassium in cat cortex during pentylenetetrazol seizures. 22 67

Arterial blood gases and vital signs were monitored in a patient receiving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) during the third trimester of pregnancy. Alterations in blood pressure and heart rate were similar to those noted in prior studies. Pretreating with 100 percent oxygen (02) and assisting ventilation until return of adequate spontaneous respirations, prevented hypoxemia, significant hypercarbia, and cardiovascular changes. The administration of succinylcholine prevented the systemic manifestations of the electrically-induced seizure. One fetal arrhythmia occurred, apparently unrelated to changes in maternal Pa02, and resolved spontaneously. This technic of anesthesia would appear to be acceptable for ECT in the parturient.
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PMID:Arterial blood-gas analyses during electroconvulsive therapy in a parturient. 23 61

The most important characteristic of the EEG in old age is the frequency decrease of background activity, which can be traced back to a lessening of cerebral oxygen uptake. One third of healthy test persons aged 60 or over also show temporal (usually left sided) slow wave groups. The degree of EEG changes in cerebro-vascular insults depends on the nature and the localization of these disturbances. Temporary clinical and electroencephalographic focal seizure symptoms are observed, in particular, in circulatory disturbances within the temporo-parieto-occipital territory. Recurring epileptic seizures which start only in old age usually have either a vascular or a tumoral cause. During the attack-free intervals EEG spikes or sharp waves may be less frequently recorded than in younger test persons. Thanks to its highly typical EEG pattern, Creutzfeldt-Jakob subacute spongiform encephalopathy can be distinguished from other presenile or senile affections of the brain.
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PMID:[The EEG in the aged]. 33 99

A decrease in brain GABA concentration has been implied as the cause of convulsions induced by hyperbaric oxygen (HOP). We therefore examined the influence of sodium valproate, an anticonvulsant and GABA transaminase inhibitor on HOP-induced convulsions in rats. The mean latency of occurrence of the first electrical discharge in the ECoG and the appearance of the first clinical seizure in awake chronically implanted rats was unchanged by administration of sodium valproate prior to HOP exposure. We conclude that either the sodium valproate inhibition of GABA removal is insufficient to compensate for HOP inhibition of its production, or else that GABA concentration changes are not causally related to HOP-induced seizures.
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PMID:Influence of a GABA transaminase inhibitor on central nervous system oxygen toxicity. 35 31

The work discusses the results of a study of the overall electric activity of the cerebral cortex, its frequency analysis and integration in brain tumors attended with epileptic seizures. The changes in electric activity are correlated with the cortical ultrastructure and the oxygen balance in the brain tissue. The possible mechanisms responsible for the development, cessation or absence of epileptic seizures in the clinical picture of brain tumors are analysed. Data are presented in evidence of the important role of hypoxia of various degrees in these mechanisms. It is established that activation of the synaptic apparatus may be considered as an ultrastructural correlator of hyperexcitation in the epileptic focus.
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PMID:[Complex characteristics of an epileptogenic focus in intracerebral space-occupying processes according to the findings of electrocorticography, polarographic studies and electron microscopy]. 41 44


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