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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An investigation was made of the use of a new water-soluble contrast material (metrizamide) for posterior-fossa radiography in the baboon. The experiments showed that the concentration of metrizamide needed to produce adequate radiographs from sub-occipital injections into the posterior fossa always produced generalized seizures. Intraventricular injection produced excellent radiographs from metrizamide concentrations, which did not result in either clinical or EEG seizure activity. Seizures, when they occurred, were easily controlled with pentobarbitone and phenytoin. In all the experiments, ECG changes were found, which disappeared after some hours.
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PMID:Results of the use of a new water-soluble contrast medium (metrizamide) in the posterior fossa of the baboon. 81 45

Metrizamide is an attractive myelographic agent with several advantages over other available myelographic agents. Radiographic detail is generally superior to Pantopaque and gas myelography, the material need not be aspiradted and does not appear to result in long-term complicaitons. Because of its low neuro-toxicity, it may be allowed to come into contact with the spinal cord and brain, unlike other water-soluble agents. Its main disadvantages are its tendency to diffuse into the CSF when run from one portion of the spinal canal to another and the occurrence of acute toxic effects such as vomiting and, rarely, seizures.
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PMID:Comparison of metrizamide with other myelographic agents. 91 65

Acute water intoxication with deepening coma and uncontrolled epileptiform seizures in a 25-year-old previously fit male schizophrenic was treated with hypertonic (2 N) saline and a 20% mannitol solution. This improved his neurological state but precipitated severe pulmonary oedema. Intravenous frusemide increased his urinary output sufficiently to clear the pulmonary oedema. In acute water intoxication the use of hypertonic solutions may thus precipitate left heart failure by expanding the intra-pulmonary blood volume beyond the capacity of even a healthy left ventricle to compensate. Simple water restriction will produce a slower but perhaps safer improvement.
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PMID:Pulmonary oedema during treatment of acute water intoxication. 98 Oct 97

C57BL/6Bg mice had silver bead electrodes chronically implanted on the surface of the cortex and had their cortical EEG recorded during audiogenic seizures following ethanol withdrawal. For 7 days, the experimental groups were fed a liquid diet containing 6% v/v ethanol ad lib as the only source of food and water. The control group was fed a similar diet containing an isocaloric amount of sucrose. The cortical EEG's of experimental and control groups before, during, and after treatment were virtually identical. Only the experimental group was susceptible to audiogenic seizures. During audiogenic seizures, the cortical EEG showed no sign of spike waves or paroxysmal activity. This is in contrast to picrotoxin convulsions with these same mice as well as to spontaneous convulsions in animals following ethanol withdrawal. Similar EEG observations have been reported on audiogenic seizures from genetic and acoustically primed susceptibilities. Consequently, we suggest that all audiogenic seizure responses, including those during ethanol withdrawal, are a type of subcortical epilepsy.
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PMID:Electroencephalographic correlates of audiogenic seizures during ethanol withdrawal in mice. 98 61

Although Dimer X is said to be a low toxic water soluble contrast medium, epileptic seizures sometimes occur during or after Dimer X ventriculography. The toxicity of this dye was examined in rats and possible prophylactic measures were evaluated. From the results of our experiment it was concluded that Dimer X of low concentration should be used with premedication of Valium and Decadron.
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PMID:Intracisternal dimer X: toxicity and prophylaxis. 98 11

Twenty-six patients with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone were reviewed. The underlying diseases were bronchogenic carcinoma (12 cases); myxoedema (five cases); diseases of the nervous system (five cases); bronchopneumonia, carcinoma of the oesophagus, acute intermittent porphria and chlorpropamide therapy (each one case). Serum sodium levels ranged between 104 and 125 mEq per litre. Eighteen patients presented neurological manifestations, which in 14 were considered to be due to hyponatraemia. Neurological signs included disorders of consciousness (stage I and II coma), extrapyramidal signs, asterixis and epileptic seizures. An hyponatraemic coma was the first manifestation of the syndrome in five cases. In all cases where the EEG was recorded it showed non-specific signs of metabolic coma. The fundi never showed signs of intracranial hypertension. Blood urea and creatinine levels were invariably low in the euthyroid patients; these values were normal or elevated in patients with myxoedema and hyponatraemia. Hypokalaemia was frequent, and hypocalcaemia constant. In eleven cases an excess of water intake revealed the clinical syndrome: six patients were excessive beer drinkers and five had received extensive intravenous infusions. In one case the deleterious effect of diuretics was evident, and in another, the syndrome became evident during radiotherapy of an oesophageal tumour. Treatment of the syndrome was successful in all cases. A review of the literature concerning the various pathogenic mechanisms corresponding to the different underlying diseases is presented. The concept of aberrant hormonal production by a tumour is illustrated by an electron microscopic study.
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PMID:Clinical, biological and pathogenic features of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. A review of 26 cases with marked hyponatraemia. 100 53

After the first report on ventriculography with a water-soluble contrast medium, Conray, by Campbell et al., many authors reported complications such as convulsion which are attributable to the irritating effect of this agent. On the other hand its value has been appriciated. Recently Gonsette recommended a new water-soluble contrast medium, meglumine iocarnate (Dimer-X), for ventriculography and reported that this new agent is less epileptogenic and less harmful. Because of these advantages, they have been performing ventriculography routinely with Dimer-X and recognized its usefulness. The only noticeable complication has been the transient elevation of body temperature in almost a half of the series. As far as our experience goes there is no case of convulsive seizure as complication. As compared to gas ventriculography, the fine details of dimension and configuration of the ventricles are far more beautifully delineated with the water-soluble contrast media.
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PMID:[Dimer-X ventriculography (author's transl)]. 108 79

The diffusion permeability to water of the rat blood-brain-barrier (BBB) was studied. Preliminary data obtained with the Oldendorf tissue uptake method (Oldendorf 1970) in seizure experiments suggested that the transfer from blood to brain of labelled water is diffusion-limited. More definite evidence of such a limitation was obtained using the single injection technique of Crone (1963). 14-C-labelled sucrose was used as intravascular reference substance and tritium-labelled water as test substance. The non-exchanging (transmitted) fraction, I-E equals T, of labelled water during a single passage increased from 0.26 to 0.67 when the arterial carbon dioxide tension was changed from 15 to 85 mm Hg, a change increasing the cerebral blood flow about sixfold. This finding suggests that water does not pass the blood-brain barrier as freely as lipophilic gases.
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PMID:The diffusion permeability to water of the rat blood-brain barrier. 114 83

Rats and mice that were not genetically or otherwise predisposed toward audiogenic seizures were rendered susceptible to auditory stimuli by chronic treatment with large doses of rubidium chloride (RbCl). Animals given drinking water, 0.03 N with respect to RbCl, for four weeks responded with convulsive seizures when exposed to signals of 2 to 22 kHz and 74 dbA. The rate of development of audiosusceptibility was dose-related. Less rubidium was needed if the diet was deficient in potassium. No differences were found between tissue rubidium in treated rats which became audiosensitive and their counterparts which remained resistant to auditory stimuli.
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PMID:Onset of audiogenic seizures in rodents after intake of near-toxic doses of rubidium chloride. 115 26

Intravenous infusions of three levels of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) were made through chronically implanted jugular and portal cannulas in rats. Food and water intakes were unaffected by 100 mg/kg 2DG, enhanced by 200 and 400 mg/kg 2DG, and unrelated to the route of administration. Drug-induced drinking occurred as readily when food was present as in its absence. Infusions of 2DG also produced stupor and ataxia whose severity was proportional, as was feeding and drinking, to the dose administered. Drinking induced by 2DG is inconsistent with the glucoprivic theory of feeding, and it was proposed that the consummatory and aberrant behaviors elicited by 2DG may result from hypoglycemia-induced seizures in limbic structures of the brain.
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PMID:Drinking and feeding induced by jugular and portal infusions of 2-deoxy-D-glucose. 119 Mar 12


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