Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute renal failure is a common occurrence in sepsis, but is rarely reported in meningococcemia. We present a young child diagnosed with fulminant meningococcemia who had several poor prognostic factors, including hypotension, thrombocytopenia, purpura fulminans, seizures, the absence of meningitis with meningococcemia, and acute renal failure, which was successfully treated with peritoneal dialysis. Peritoneal dialysis was started on the 5th day because the patient had been anuric for 48 h. At that time, analysis showed that the child was both hypokalemic and hypophosphatemic. His serum blood urea nitrogen was 61 mg/dl, creatinine 2.75 mg/dl, potassium 2.8 mEq/l, and phosphorus 0.7 mg/dl. Urine output began on the 12th day post admission and normalization of serum creatinine was achieved on the 26th day. In conclusion, renal failure is an important complication of meningococcemia and, to be effective, sometimes long-term peritoneal dialysis is required. Profound metabolic abnormalities, such as hypokalemia and hypophosphatemia, may occur paradoxically in the presence of oliguria.
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PMID:Fulminant meningococcemia and acute renal failure in a 3-year-old boy. 1549 Feb 48

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of proton and phosphorus (1H and 31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients, and to evaluate neural damage and metabolite dysfunction in the TLE patient brain. We performed 1H and 31P MRS of medial temporal lobes (MTL) in the same TLE patients (n = 14) with a relatively wide range of severity from almost seizure-free to intractable, and calculated the ratio of N-acetylasparate to choline-containing compounds and creatine + phosphocreatine (NAA/Cho + Cr) in 1H MRS and inorganic phosphate to all main peaks (%Pi) in 31P MRS. There was no significant correlation between NAA/(Cho + Cr) and %Pi in each side (ipsilateral, r = -0.20; contralateral, r =-0.19). The values of NAA/(Cho + Cr) showed a significant difference between ipsilateral and contralateral MTLs to the focus of TLE patients (P < 0.01, paired t-test). Although %Pi also had a tendency to show the laterality of TLE, there was no significance. Ipsilateral (r = -0.90, P < 0.0001) and contralateral (r = -0.70, P < 0.005) NAA/(Cho + Cr) decreases and contralateral %Pi increase (r = 0.81, P < 0.001) had significant correlation with seizure frequency. 1H MRS provides more important information concerning neuronal dysfunction in MTL of TLE patients than 31P MRS.
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PMID:Neural damage due to temporal lobe epilepsy: dual-nuclei (proton and phosphorus) magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. 1467 57

1H and 31P spectroscopy detects relevant metabolite changes in patients with TLE. Numerous studies confirm reduction in NAA and in the ratio of PCr/Pi. In his 1999 review, Kuzniecky concluded that proton MRS, using single-voxel or chemical shift imaging, lateralizes temporal lobe epilepsy in 65% to 96% of cases, with bilateral changes seen in 35% to 45% of cases, whereas phosphorus MRS shows a lateralizing PCr/Pi ratio in 65% to 75% of the TLE patients. There are indications that these changes are reversible with seizure treatment. Improvements in MRS technology, such as the ability to calculate absolute concentrations, to account for differences be-tween gray and white matter and to achieve better spectral resolution by use of a higher magnetic field strength, will now allow more extensive use of this technique for patients with epilepsy.
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PMID:Clinical applications of MR spectroscopy in epilepsy. 1532 61

The aim of this cross sectional study was to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) in a group of patients taking antiepileptic drugs (AED) for a seizure disorder. Between May-2001 and January-2003, we evaluated 58 patients (40 women/18 men), 34.4+/-6 years old living in Curitiba or in its metropolitan area, on antiepileptic therapy for 2 to 38 years (10 on monotherapy /48 on multiple drugs regime). The group was matched by age, gender, and bone mass index to 29 healthy subjects (20 women/ 9 men); 34.2+/-5.9 years old. Medical history and physical exam were performed on all subjects with particular information sought about fractures and risks factors for osteoporosis. Blood samples were collected for total serum calcium, albumin, phosphorus, creatinine, total alkaline phosphatase, and liver function tests. BMD of the lumbar spine, femur and forearm was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, Hologic QDR 1000). Between February and April-2003, other blood samples were collected to measure 25OHD, intact paratohormone (PTH) and calcium. Unemployment and smoking history were more frequent among patients than among controls (p<0.05). Fifteen patients had a fracture history, all of which occurred during a seizure. The BMD of the lumbar spine (0.975+/-0. 13 g/cm2 vs. 1.058+/-0.1 g/cm2; p<0.03) and of the total femur (0.930+/-0.1 g/cm2 vs. 0.988+/-0.12 g/cm2; p<0.02) was lower in patients than in controls. In 63.5% of patients and in 24.1 % of controls a T-score < -1.0 in at least one site was seen. The AED users had higher total alkaline phosphatase and lower 25OHD (p<0.02). No correlations between BMD and 25OHD were found. The use of phenytoin was correlated with a greater incidence of fractures (RR: 2.38). We conclude that patients on chronic use of AED have alterations in bone metabolism characterized in this study by lower BMD of the lumbar spine and total femur and lower serum concentrations of 25OHD.
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PMID:Bone mineral density and serum levels of 25 OH vitamin D in chronic users of antiepileptic drugs. 1560 49

Apart from the essential role of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, this compound and its analogs are involved in regulating the functions of the central nervous and immune systems. Active forms of vitamin D3 have been reported to stimulate neurotrophin gene expression and to prevent neuronal damage against a variety of insults. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of PRI-2191-a low-calcemic analog of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (50 ng/kg i.p., once daily for 8 days) on seizure-related neuronal degeneration, changes in some brain gene expression and immune system activity. Seizures were induced by pilocarpine (400 mg/kg; i.p.) administration. An in situ hybridization study showed that the pilocarpine-induced seizures led to time-dependent changes in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) and prepro-thyreoliberin (prepro-TRH) gene expression in several cortical and hippocampal regions. The maximal induction of gene expression was 3 h for BDNF and 24 h for HSP-70 and prepro-TRH; however, only in the case of prepro-TRH that effect was long-lasting. PRI-2191 alone had no effect on gene expression, but it enhanced the seizure-evoked expression of HSP-70, had an opposite effect on BDNF mRNA level and did not affect prepro-TRH mRNA level. Moreover, PRI-2191 had a moderate inhibitory effect on the seizure-related hippocampal damage in the CA1 field only. An immunological study revealed that PRI-2191 reversed the seizure-induced decrease in the proliferative activity of splenocytes and their ability to produce interferon-gamma. Summing up, the present study demonstrated that subchronic administration of PRI-2191 significantly modulated the seizure-related changes in both the brain and the peripheral immune system of rats.
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PMID:Effects of PRI-2191--a low-calcemic analog of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the seizure-induced changes in brain gene expression and immune system activity in the rat. 1578 Oct 40

Primary hypoparathyroidism was diagnosed in three St. Bernard bitches. Anorexia, behavioural changes, muscle tremors, seizures, panting respiration, and cataracts were the clinical signs observed. The serum concentration of calcium was low, the phosphorus concentration elevated, and the immunoreactive parathyroid hormone level low in all dogs. The aetiology of the hypoparathyroidism was not determined in any of the dogs. Treatment with synthetic vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) and an oral calcium supplement was successful in restoring and then maintaining a normal concentration of serum calcium in two of the dogs.
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PMID:Primary idiopathic hypoparathyroidism in St. Bernard dogs. 1603 Nov 73

The presence of late-onset hypocalcemia (>3 days of age) associated with hypomagnesemia generates a clinical dilemma. Such a disorder may exist as a result of magnesium deficiency with a secondary hypoparathyroidism, congenital hypoparathyroidism (HPT), phosphorus intoxication, activated mutation of calcium sensing receptor (CASR) or the presence of CASR stimulatory antibodies. In phosphorus intoxication, in contrast to the other reasons, serum PTH level is rather elevated. Calcium and phosphorus compete for intestinal absorption and thus if calcium intake is high then magnesium absorption is reduced and vice versa. Patient's history: 14-year-old boy was admitted to the ward because of tetanic seizure few days before. Severe hypocalcemia (1.49 mmol/L) with hypomagnesemia (13.8 mg/L) as well as metabolic alkalosis pH=7.65) and high phosphorus level (10.5 mg/dL) were noted. The boy was prepubertal, euthyroid and proportionally microsomic. Severely low serum PTH level (2 pg/mL) excluded phosphorus intoxication. Magnesium salts treatment alone (p.o.) was introduced but this treatment did not improve serum magnesium level as well as calcium concentration. Primary magnesium deficiency was excluded and therefore calcium salts supplementation and 1alpha(OH)D3 therapy, typical for HPT, was initiated combined with slow-released magnesium salts. Difficulties in the treatment tended to look for the digestive tract defects and finally, based on endomysial antibodies and duodenal biopsy the coeliac disease was confirmed. With gluten-free diet the significant improvement of calcium-phosphorus parameters has been observed showing that the autoimmune background of hypoparathyroidism is very likely.
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PMID:[Severe hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia in a 14-year-old boy--difficulties in treatment related to silent coeliac disease]. 1623 74

The determination of inorganic phosphorus in human urine is very important, since it has diagnostic value in some clinical cases. Here we apply a simple, sensitive and direct method to determine inorganic phosphorus in urine. This new ensemble is prepared by adding ytterbium chloride and pyrocatechol violet in a 2:1 molar ratio in an aqueous solution of 10 mM 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethanesulfonic acid buffer at pH 7.0. The addition of the urine sample turned the blue ensemble yellow and altered the UV-vis absorption spectra. The ensemble exhibits excellent selectivity for inorganic phosphorus over other constituents of urine. We validate the accuracy of our method by the standard procedure (molybdenum blue assay for phosphate). The detection results are basically consistent with normal excretion of phosphate. Furthermore, we fabricated a new kind of inorganic phosphorus reagent kit, which enables us to inspect phosphate concentrations of urine with the naked eye. Fit for all kinds of various clinic uses, our reagent kit is a hopeful substitute for the molybdenum reagent kit.
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PMID:UV-vis spectroscopic study directly detecting inorganic phosphorus in urine and our reagent kit. 1636 77

Migraine is periodical disorder which is characterized by recurrent headache seizures different in intensity, frequency and duration. Amylases L-1,4 glycol: gluckanohidrolises, (EC.3.2.1.1) are enzymes from hydrolase's group which dissolve starch meaning glycogen. Activity of amylases in serum grows: at acute pancreatitis, at carcinoma of pancreas, heavy necroses of pancreas. Total number of examinees was 92 out of which 45 were male (48.9 %) and 47 female or 51.1 %. Average age of the examines was 42.9. Neuroticism scale which was tested by Cornell scale was 55,03. Out of the total number of examinees 30 or 32,6 were non-smokers while 62 or 67,4 % smoked regularly. The aim of this work is to perform hematological-biochemical test of blood in patients with migraine. In the beginning of this research it was planned for all the patients to have hematological blood test done (sedimentation of erythrocytes, trombocytes, complete blood test and differential blood test) and biochemical blood test (hepatogram, transamynase, amylase, Lactal dehydrogenase, Alkalic phosphatase, ferrum in serum, Glucose, Cholesterol, Calcium and Phosphorus in serum. After reviewing the received values of hematological and biochemical tests, all values were within the borders of normal values. Amylases had higher values at 49 or 53,3 % of patients, and 43 or 46,7 % of patients had normal values of amylases. Normal values of amylases are to 220 U/l measured by I.F.C. at 37 degrees C. Medium value in tested group is 219.09. It means that every second examinee had increased values of amylase in blood; there is no statistics difference of amylase value between sexes.
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PMID:[Hematological-biochemical tests in patient with migraine]. 1642 33

Nineteen crystalline methamphetamine ('ice') seizures captured by the Australian Federal Police (AFP) at the Australian border between 1998 and 2002 were analysed. Using a modified gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) impurity profiling approach of these samples we have identified >30 compounds associated with methamphetamine and/or its synthetic route. Major impurities detected include 1,2-dimethyl-3-phenylaziridine 8, dimethylamphetamine 14, N-formylmethamphetamine 24, N-acetylmethamphetamine 25, 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenylnaphthalene 32, 1-benzyl-3-methylnaphthalene 33 and methamphetamine dimer 34. These data are suggestive of ephedrine/pseudoephedrine as the main precursor of the 'ice' samples seized during 1998-2002. Additionally the two naphthalenes 32 and 33 further identified that 15 items in 9 seizures were produced via the more specific ephedrine/hydriodic acid/red phosphorus method. One sample comprised 75% dimethylamphetamine and 9.7% methamphetamine, representing the first Australian seizure of imported dimethylamphetamine reported.
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PMID:Australian Federal Police seizures of illicit crystalline methamphetamine ('ice') 1998-2002: impurity analysis. 1654 87


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