Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In Timm's sulfide silver preparations, intragranular and supragranular mossy fiber staining is found to be much more prevalent in the temporal dentate gyrus of the spontaneous epileptic mouse, tottering, than at matching levels in unaffected littermate controls. This aberrant distribution of mossy fibers may be due to the spontaneous seizures affecting this mutant.
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PMID:Excessive intra- and supragranular mossy fibers in the dentate gyrus of tottering (tg/tg) mice. 271 55

A 38-year-old man with progressive psychiatric disturbances, dysarthria, myoclonus, rigidity and terminal generalized seizures died 4 years after onset. At post-mortem, severe leucodystrophy of the centrum semi-ovale, corpus callosum and internal capsule was found. In the demyelinated areas, abundant mononuclear phagocytes were found filled with dark yellow or brown pigment granules, staining with PAS and Sudan black, autofluorescent in paraffin sections, and orthochromatic with toluidine blue in paraffin and frozen sections and positive with Fontana's silver method. Iron deposits were present in a few cells. Electron micrographs of a biopsy showed massive storage of lipofuscin and ceroid with fingerprint profiles in macrophages and, to a lesser degree, in astrocytes as well. Oligodendroglia were depleted in demyelinated areas but prominent in the subcortical regions and in small foci in the deep cerebral white matter; they contained intracytoplasmic inclusions with fingerprint profiles. From these morphological findings it is suggested that lipofuscin and ceroids are the lipopigments stored in the pigmentary type of orthochromatic leucodystrophy.
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PMID:Leucodystrophy with pigmented glial and scavenger cells (pigmentary type of orthochromatic leucodystrophy). 322 79

In 33 patients undergoing extended EEG monitoring, stereoscopic basal skull radiographs demonstrated the positions of Teflon-coated, 40-gauge, multistranded, silver wire electrodes shortly after their insertion and just before their removal an average of 5.12 days later. Although the electrodes had been firmly secured to the skin with plastic surgical adhesive tape and there was no evidence that they had been manually pulled out, many wee kinked and relatively superficially situated at the end, compared with the onset, of each monitoring period. Electrodes moved similar amounts bilaterally and migrated further as the days passed. Sphenoidal wire tips that had been an average of 7.02 mm lateral to the foramen ovale when placed eventually averaged 15.79 mm from this landmark. There was no relationship between distance moved by the electrodes and sex, age, or number or type of seizures exhibited. Review of EEG records of interictal discharges and seizures revealed no differences attributable to the relative electrode positions.
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PMID:Sphenoidal electrode positions and basal EEG during long term monitoring. 392 52

The short-term effects of administering testosterone propionate (TP) to 4-day female rats (androgenized females) on the synthesis of specific brain proteins were investigated. At various times after the intraperitoneal injection of TP or arachis oil, [35S]methionine was injected into the third ventricle and 1 h later proteins were extracted from the hypothalamus-preoptic area (H-POA) and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Changes in synthesis of two 13,000-14,000 mol. wt. proteins in the 4-day rat brain were detected, and these changes appeared to be specific for the H-POA. In addition, silver staining revealed a 50,000 mol. wt. protein which was present in the male and androgenized female H-POA but not in the oil-treated female H-POA. An incidental, but potentially important finding, was the synthesis of a 77,600 mol. wt. protein in the H-POA of one animal which had several seizures during the experiment. These results show that changes in the synthesis of specific proteins occur in the H-POA of neonatal female rats within 8 h of TP administration and support the hypothesis that hormone-induced changes in brain protein synthesis may be involved in sexual differentiation of the brain.
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PMID:The short-term effects of testosterone on brain protein synthesis in 4-day-old rats: an electrophoretic study of proteins following intraventricular injection of [35S]methionine. 407 17

Glutamic acid microinjection into the rabbit dorsal hippocampus was studied in its effects on hippocampal and cortical electroencephalogram (EEG). The studies were carried out on rabbits with chronically implanted electrodes and cannulae. Bipolar, silver recording electrodes and stainless steel cannulae were implanted into the hippocampus, and recording electrodes were placed on the surface of the frontal and cingular cortical areas. Low doses of glutamic acid (5-25 nM) induced EEG and behavioral arousal. Short lasting epileptiform-like seizures and behavioral convulsions were induced after injection of high doses of glutamic acid (100-500 nM). These findings suggest that glutamic acid in the hippocampus of the rabbit is involved in behavioral arousal and epileptiform-like disorders.
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PMID:Excitatory effect of intrahippocampal injection of glutamic acid on rabbit EEG. 614 Dec 18

Sections of dental pulp were removed from a tooth of a boy 3 years 10 months of age with myoclonic seizures. When stained with hematoxylin and eosin, these sections showed eosinophilic inclusions. Ultrastructurally, these inclusions were large cytosomes filled with whorls of electron-opaque substance. The opaque material consisted of bilaminate strands, approximately 15 nm in diameter, arranged in a curvilinear pattern compatible with that seen in the late infantile form of "ceroid-lipofuscinosis." Most histochemical staining reactions were compatible with ceroid or lipofuscin, with the exception of the diamine silver reaction. Late infantile ceroid-lipofuscinosis represents another disease in which asymptomatic accumulation of storage material occurs in the dental pulp.
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PMID:Diagnosis of late infantile neuronal "ceroid-lipofuscinosis" from histochemical and ultrastructural changes in dental pulp. 620 Aug 12

Repeated seizures, whether induced by kindling or electroshock, result in increased numbers of benzodiazepine receptors in hippocampal formation membranes. We sought to determine the cellular constituents containing the receptor increases. Binding studies of microdissected samples localized the receptor increases to fascia dentata. [3H]Flunitrazepam autoradiographic studies showed increases of silver grain density over the granule cell and molecular layers of fascia dentata but not in other regions of hippocampal formation. Destruction of granule cells by colchicine or neonatal x-irradiation was associated with marked decrease of benzodiazepine receptor binding. Together, these results provide evidence for localization of the receptor increases to the somata and dendritic tree of the granule cells. We suggest that this cellular localization may provide a clue to the network of altered neural circuitry underlying amygdala kindling.
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PMID:Benzodiazepine receptor increases after repeated seizures: evidence for localization to dentate granule cells. 627 87

The mutant sex-linked lethal recessive px (paroxysmal) gene, expressed in White Leghorn chicks (Gallus domesticus) causes seizures beginning on approximately day 8 post-hatching. Seizures are spontaneous and inducible by auditory but not by photic stimulation. Prior to seizure onset px chicks are indistinguishable from non-px siblings. With seizure onset is a decrease in food intake which causes deterioration and death by 4-10 weeks of age. In a preliminary histological study conducted on 22-day-old seizure-prone chicks, brains were perfused and sections treated according to a modified cupric-silver staining technique. Nuclei and fiber tracts of px auditory and vestibular systems were extensively degenerated; control brains showed essentially no degeneration. A second experiment was conducted with preseizure chicks to determine whether and to what extent degeneration occurs prior to seizure onset. Deep nuclei of px cerebellum appeared to be the first seriously affected (5 days of age). Extent of degeneration progressed steadily over time through 20 days of age, by which time all components of the two sensory systems were maximally affected. Ambient noise did not affect onset or extent of degeneration, nor did it affect onset of seizures.
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PMID:Auditory and vestibular pathology of seizure-prone chicks. 682 48

The authors studied 14 patients with epileptic seizures occurring from one to about 20 daily despite monitored pharmacological treatment. Two pairs of silver, properly insulated electrodes were applied to the subtentorial surface of both cerebellar hemispheres through burr-holes. The cerebellar surface was stimulated once daily for 30 min to 1 hour with electrical current at 10 Hz, 1 msec, 1-7 V during 10 to 16 days. During that time epileptic seizures disappeared completely in 5 cases, in 6 patients their frequency was reduced to one seizure every several days, in 2 cases the improvement was slight and one patient failed to improve. After cessation of electrostimulation and removal of electrodes in most cases the seizures increased again in frequently gradually. Twelve months after the procedure in only 4 cases a significant improvement remained. The authors believe that this method of cerebellar cortex stimulation should be regarded as a trial before making decision about chronic implantation of cerebellar electrostimulator for selecting patients responding well to this treatment. This group amounts to about 30% of such drug-resistant cases.
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PMID:[Effect of cerebellar cortical electrostimulation on the frequency of epileptic seizures in severe forms of epilepsy]. 697

A seven-year-old Japanese girl with mental retardation, epileptic seizures controllable by anticonvulsants, short stature, and multiple minor malformations was found to have apparent giant satellites on chromosome No.13. The karyotypes of her parents and elder brother were normal. Banding studies revealed that the apparent giant satellites consist of four G-bands, and are thus a de novo rearrangement product. The origin of the aberrant No. 13 was traced to a paternal meiotic error, using Q-banding and silver staining heteromorphisms as markers. Thus, the patient represents an unbalanced, de novo chromosomal rearrangement masquerading as giant satellites, with the origin of the extra chromosomal material unknown, a hitherto undescribed situation.
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PMID:13S+. Giant satellites or de novo rearrangement? 732 88


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