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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty-four patients with oligodendroglioma presented in the past 15 years. In contrast to some widely taught concepts, oligodendrogliomas occured largely in the frontotemporal area of both cerebral hemispheres with two peaks of age incidence: one small peak in childhood, and the highest incidence in the middle-aged adult. Seizures, either major and/or minor, were the most common clinical manifestations (average 87%). Cerebral angiography and pneumography were the most reliable and useful diagnostic procedures, as well as the promising CAT scan. All 24 patients who underwent combined modalities of treatment with radical surgery and postoperative radiation therapy survived at least five years, and 2 out of 11 patients treated by surgery alone failed to survive the five-year follow-up period in addition to two recurrences. Postoperative radiation treatment is considered quite effective and indicated in most cases because complete removal of the tumor is not always possible.
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PMID:Oligodendrogliomas. I. A clinical study of cerebral oligodendrogliomas. 676 2

EEG and CAT studies were performed in 187 adult chronic epileptics. Acute convulsions, known tumor epilepsies, and seizures due to a rapidly advancing neurologic disease were excluded. Partial seizures of elementary and complex symptoms were nearly equally frequent. In 48 patients the etiology of the seizure disorder remained unknown. Among the verified etiologies residual brain damage were the most significant. In 10 cases the chronic seizure disorder was due to slowly growing brain tumors. CAT findings were normal in 86 patients (46%) and abnormal in 101 (54%). Localizing signs could be demonstrated by neuroradiologic and/or radionuclide tests in 15.7%, by CAT in 28.9%, by neurologic examination in 58.3%, and by EEG in 78.1%. Localized CAT-pathology showed no correlation to the types of partial seizures, whereas a significant correlation could be established with residual brain scars and tumors and with localized neurologic or EEG findings. Epilepsy starting after the age of 15 is more likely to be linked with CAT-pathology than with seizure disorders starting in childhood.
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PMID:Computerized axial tomography in chronic partial epilepsies. 676 65

An elderly woman who had spinal epidural anesthesia thereafter had headache, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, dehydration, seizures, and cardiovascular collapse. CAT scan revealed air in the posterior fossa, probably caused by intradural injection of air during epidural anesthesia. We propose that this may be an occasional cause of headache or more substantial complications after epidural anesthesia, and suggest that CAT scanning may be helpful in identifying this complication.
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PMID:Pneumocephaly from epidural anesthesia. 682 9

Our findings indicate that a notable number of patients who have functional psychosis (50%) or seizures (38%) show cerebellar vermal atrophy on visual inspection of CAT head scans, in contrast to 0.5% to 3.7% of patients with other disorders. In addition to the visual reading of 1700 scans in the present study, we used two methods to demonstrate cerebellar vermal atrophy objectively: (i) low-density measurements of the posterior fossa in relationship to total brain area, and (ii) sagittal reconstruction of the vermis. We postulate that cerebellar vermal atrophy reduces the cerebellum's inhibitory influences on activity of the rostral forebrain structures where unit overactivity has been correlated with emotional dyscontrol and clinical seizures. We further postulate that cerebellar vermal atrophy reduces facilitory activity of the brain's pleasure system (septal region).
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PMID:Cerebellar vermal atrophy in psychiatric patients. 709 93

A five-year retrospective study was conducted to review 91 emergency patients with first time major motor seizures who were hospitalized. Patients were reviewed with regard to etiology of seizures, evaluation, and hospital course. Our objectives were to compare admission and discharge diagnoses, to establish a screening survey which might determine the need for immediate admission, and to evaluate the sensitivity of tests used in diagnostic evaluation. The emergency department diagnosis was in agreement with the discharge diagnosis in 89% of cases. A screening system included a history, physical examination, urinalysis, complete blood cell count, electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, electrocardiogram, and arterial blood gases more than one hour post-seizure. When applied to the cases, it distinguished need for admission in 90 of 91 patients. Skull radiographs, electroencephalograms, CAT scans, brain scans, and lumbar punctures were helpful in making a specific diagnosis, but not in determining the need for immediate admission.
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PMID:First time major motor seizures in an emergency department. 736 74

We describe the case of a 25 year old woman who has been clinically and instrumentally examined over a period of about 20 years. A diagnosis of celiac disease was made when she was four years old and, ten years later, CAT revealed the presence of bilateral cerebral calcifications. The partial occipital seizures were controlled by adopting a gluten-free diet, which is still being followed four years after the discontinuation of anti-epileptic treatment.
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PMID:Partial seizures, cerebral calcifications and celiac disease. 755 73

Fifteen patients (7 men, 8 women) with mean age of 34 years and mean duration of refractory partial seizures of 17 years were included in a presurgical evaluation protocol. Neuroimaging (CAT, 1.5 T MR) demonstrated intracranial structural lesions (space-occupying: n = 9; atrophic: n = 6) and video-EEG monitoring showed complex partial seizures in all patients. Four patients underwent additional intracranial EEG monitoring that demonstrated hippocampal seizure onset in all. Voltage topography and spatiotemporal dipole mapping of interictal epileptic discharges revealed two distinct distinct dipole types. Patients with lesions in the medial (and lateral) temporal lobe uniformly presented with a negative voltage field with a steep gradient over the inferior temporal area and a stable, combined dipole that consisted of a radial and a tangential component with a high degree of elevation relative to the axial plane. Patients with extratemporal lesions had a more diffuse, less dipolar voltage field and a corresponding dipole which was less stable and had a predominant radial component. Dipole modelling of epochs of early ictal discharges revealed a striking correspondence with the interictal findings in individual patients. Interictal spike voltage topography and corresponding dipole mapping provided additional and reliable information that was relevant in surgical candidates for refractory partial epilepsy, e.g. by suggesting in some patients that the medial temporal structures were not primarily involved. Ictal dipole modelling revealed concordant results with interictal data. It shows promising but needs further confirmation and validation in a larger patient population with intracranial EEG recordings. Despite intrinsic limitations, spike voltage topography and dipole mapping contributes to a better localisation of the underlying brain source of epileptic discharges.
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PMID:Interictal and ictal dipole modelling in patients with refractory partial epilepsy. 757 65

Thirty, out of 1200 patients of North Santiago Adult Epilepsy Program, were admitted to J J Aguirre Hospital due to refractory epilepsy. Looking for candidates for functional epilepsy surgery, these patients were evaluated by neurologists, psychiatrists and psychologists and with standard EEG, video monitored EEG, CAT scan, magnetic resonance imaging and SPECT. So far, four patients with temporal partial complex epilepsy have been studied, operated (anterior temporal lobectomy and amygdalo-hippocampectomy) and followed for more than one year. Of these, two are free of seizures, one has sporadic episodes and one has an important reduction. One of these patients had a postoperative amnestic syndrome of 3 to 4 weeks duration. According to these results and those reported in the literature, the rigorous selection of patients that could be benefitted by surgery is emphasized.
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PMID:[Temporal lobectomy in refractory partial epilepsy. Report of 4 cases]. 808 84

Electroencephalography (EEG) was performed in 13 male patients with cerebral malaria during the first 24 hours of admission, using a 10-channel, 10-20 system EEG machine (6 montages, 20 minute duration). The EEG patterns were of theta and delta waves from both sides of cerebral hemisphere suggesting diffused cortical dysfunction. No epileptic pattern was found in patients who had seizures prior to, or after admission. The initial EEG performed on the day of admission did not show any specific pattern attributable to any pathological condition. It was also unable to predict the prognosis of the 2 dead patients. However, one cerebral malaria patient with left hemiplegia was subsequently found to have right basal ganglia hemorrhage in CAT scan, high amplitude delta waves and theta waves in the tracings of the right hemisphere. The study suggests that a single EEG data on admission can hardly give enough information for prediction of the clinical course and outcome of cerebral malaria. Serial EEGs probably provide more useful information regarding the prognostic signs in this group of patients. Nevertheless, EEG could be useful to rule out some cerebral pathology such as space occupying lesions, epilepsy or any other causes of unconsciousness that could produce similar cerebral symptoms in malaria patients.
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PMID:Electroencephalography in cerebral malaria. 852 17

We studied the interictal EEG of 50 epileptic patients (28 males, 22 females) who had parenchymal neurocysticercosis, diagnosed by CAT/MRI of the brain, positive immunological reaction for cysticercosis in cerebral spinal fluid or both. Age ranged from 5 to 61 years old; the mean age of onset was 24.2 +/- 12.2 years. Thirty-six patients had generalized seizures, 13 partial seizures with secondarily generalized seizures, and 1 had complex partial seizures. Twenty-two patients had parenchymal calcifications (inactive form); 21 had parenchymal cysts (active form) and 7 had both. EEG was abnormal in 14 patients (28%): 8 had focal slowing, 3 had focal sharp or spike activity, and 3 had both. The EEG was normal in patients with inactive forms of neurocysticercosis. The EEG was abnormal in 50% of patients with active and mixed forms of neurocystercosis and in 48% of patients with active form only. We conclude that the active forms of neurocysticercosis should be suspected when the EEG is found to be abnormal. In additional, EEG abnormality does not depend on the number of lesions, but rather on location and viability of the cysts, and on host response.
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PMID:Correlation of electroencephalography and the active and inactive forms of neurocysticercosis. 989 Nov 85


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