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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The discipline of psychiatry often polarizes clinicians into "biologically" and "psychoanalytically" oriented camps. The former use drugs to treat and focus on symptomatic relief while the latter attempt to resolve core psychological problems and eschew pharmacological aids. Atypical psychoses confront both groups with major problems. As the underlying etiology may be epileptoid, the analytically oriented clinician may miss diagnostic clues. His biologically oriented colleague may dismiss the psychological triggers to the episodic disturbance. Diagnostic difficulties are compounded by the mix of behavioral disturbances with affective features and by the erratic course of the illness. It is difficult to find colleagues to help with the diagnosis of atypical psychoses. Neurologists often focus on "hard" signs only while parameters for "abnormalities" vary among electroencephalographers. Some EEG labs are intolerant of patients who will not cooperate with sleep or hyperventilation procedures or are not acquainted with drug activation techniques for identifying limbic system dysfunction. It is known that psychological factors influence seizures, and increase or decrease the need for anticonvulsants. Yet pharmacological suppression of a seizure state may lead to personality change or deterioration. The changing picture of illness and its divergence from classical "textbook" illness may evoke anger and frustration in the therapist as he comes to view the patient as noncompliant.
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PMID:Diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties in atypical illness. 714 86

Unilateral hydrocephalus due to foramen of Monro-obstruction was diagnosed in a newborn who presented with macrocephaly at birth. The mother had mumps in the second trimester of pregnancy and immunological studies indicated possible intrauterine infection of the baby with mumps virus. His condition deteriorated rapidly, and he developed myoclonic seizures. The possible relationship of intrauterine mumps infection to neonatal neurological complications is discussed.
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PMID:Unilateral hydrocephalus due to obstruction of the foramen of Monro: another complication of intrauterine mumps infection? 715 38

A 19-year-old man with posttraumatic seizures under good control with phenytoin, 500 mg/day, presented with three seizures. His blood level of phenytoin, previously in a therapeutic range, was 4.2 microgram/ml. No systemic or laboratory evidence of infectious mononucleosis was found. Ten days later, the blood picture became compatible with infectious mononucleosis, at which time his phenytoin clearance returned to normal.
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PMID:Increased clearance of phenytoin as the presenting feature of infectious mononucleosis. 722 89

A 36-year-old with end-stage renal disease secondary to hypertensive nephrosclerosis had a two-day history of epigastric pain and nausea. Soon after admission, multiple grand mal seizures uncontrolled by intravenous phenytoin sodium and diazepam developed. His calcium level was 14 mg/dL and his amylase level was 2,230 mg/dL; lumbar puncture was normal. Hemodialysis lowered his calcium level to 10.7 mg/dL but failed to control his seizures. Secondary hyperparathyroidism was thought to be the cause of his malignant hypercalcemia, and an emergency subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed. Postoperatively, his grand mal seizures resolved. Confusion and aphasia also developed, but they resolved over the ensuing three weeks. Microscopic examination of the parathyroid glands revealed diffuse chief cell hyperplasia. Preoperative parathormone level was 2,196 pg/dL (normal, less than 450 pg/dL). A review of the literature has failed to reveal a similar case.
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PMID:Secondary hyperparathyroidism manifesting as acute pancreatitis and status epilepticus. 728 72

A 26-year-old man had gelastic seizures ("laughing attacks") preceded by an aura of sexual pleasure. They were reflexly induced by volitional hyperextension of his neck and trunk. His EEGs showed a right temporal spike focus. We discuss the characteristics of this unique case.
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PMID:Postural reflex gelastic seizures. 736 94

A 24-year-old right-handed man is described, who suffered grand-mal seizures since he was 18 months old. During childhood he preferred girls' games and company. At 10 years of age he began to dress in female clothes and wished to live as a woman. At 15 years of age he began to dress as a baby, wanting to evolve into a sophisticated woman. Examination showed the presence of constructional dyspraxia, and a partial left homonymous hemianopia. His CT head scan showed right cerebral hemiatrophy.
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PMID:Tempral lobe epilepsy with diaper fetishism and gender dysphoria. 743 89

Three children with hair-shaft abnormalities and neurological disorders are reported. The first case is a young girl with monilethrix and Friedreich's ataxia that presented IgG and IgA deficiency, without telangiectasis. The second patient is a young girl with monilethrix and HMSN I. The third patient is a boy with a peculiar face, hypotrichosis and pili torti; he was mentally retarded and had epileptic seizures. His diagnosis was compatible with Noonan's syndrome or with a cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome, because of the existence of hyperkeratosis and the neurological features. It is our aim to emphasize the heterogeneity of neurotrichosis, whose limits are not well established and whose manifestations are shared by some of them.
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PMID:[Hair disorders and neurological impairments (neurotricosis): three new cases]. 749 1

A 69-year-old male with an intracranial bullet retained in the right occipital lobe for 45 years presented with epileptic seizure occasionally accompanied by visual hallucinations. Neurological examination revealed left homonymous hemianopsia and right hearing loss, and electroencephalography showed slow discharges localized in the lesion. The bullet was removed together with the thickened fibrous capsule. His postoperative course was uneventful, and he has become seizure-free. The bullet caused metal toxicity and progressive gliosis, which caused the epileptogenetic focus and associated hallucinations.
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PMID:Intracranial bullet retained since the Sino-Japanese war manifesting as hallucination--case report. 752 36

Only 12 AIDS cases with hemichorea were reported in the literature. We report the first case of hemichorea associated with AIDS and cerebral toxoplasmosis in our country. A 26-year-old man had 3 episodes of focal seizures on the left side with subsequent loss of consciousness. A few weeks later, he noticed progressive left-sided weakness. Examination revealed a left hemiparesis. MRI of the head showed a round mass in the right frontal lobe and a smaller lesion in the left temporo-occipital area. Laboratory showed positive serum ELISA and Western Blot analysis for HIV antibodies. Serum tests for Toxoplasma showed elevated titers. He was treated with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine. His weakness improved and he had no further seizures. Two weeks later, choreic movements appeared in the left foot, finally involving the entire left hemibody. A second MRI showed a new small lesion in the right cerebral peduncle. The patient completed 6 weeks of treatment, with further reduction in the size of the lesions. Nevertheless, the left hemichorea persisted. We believe that the hemichorea our patient had was caused by the contralateral peduncular lesion. Lesions involving the subthalamic nucleus or its connections may cause contralateral hemiballismus or hemichorea. In spite of the favorable response to antitoxoplasmic therapy, the hemichorea persisted. The present report illustrates an uncommon neurological complication in AIDS. We believe that a combination of a focal cerebral lesion and the HIV infection caused the movement disorder presented by the patient.
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PMID:[Hemichorea associated with cerebral toxoplasmosis and AIDS]. 854 Aug 36

Ethanol is present in a large number of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents and beverages. Without adequate safety measures, the accidental ingestion of such products by children is possible. Ethanol ingestion by children is known to cause various metabolic and neurologic disorders, including hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, seizures or coma. In Taiwan, little information has been published regarding the effects of ethanol ingestion by children. This is a report of a 5-year-old boy who became hypoglycemic after ingestion of rice wine. Admitted in a coma, the boy regained consciousness within 30 min after slow administration of 5% dextrose. His initial plasma glucose level was extremely low and hypokalemia was also found. Blood ethanol was 159 mg/dL, 3 h after the alcohol ingestion. He was discharged in good health the following day. Ethanol-induced hypoglycemia may be easily overlooked as symptoms of adrenaline excess are frequently absent. Prompt recognition and treatment with intravenous glucose are essential and may be life-saving. Pediatricians need to be aware of the devastating impact of ethanol. Preventive measures, such as child-proof packaging and parent education, are required if ethanol intoxication in children is to be avoided.
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PMID:Hypoglycemia following ethanol ingestion in children: report of a case. 761 61


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