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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The new antiarrhythmic drug propafenone and its main human metabolite 5-hydroxypropafenone were investigated for antiarrhythmic, local anaesthetic, Ca++-antagonistic and beta-adrenoceptor blocking effects as well as for their activity on the central nervous system. In isolated organs (guinea-pig atria, rat aortic strips) 5-hydroxypropafenone had a smaller effect on the maximum following frequency, a greater negative inotropic effect, a greater Ca++-antagonistic effect and a very distinctly weaker beta-adrenoceptor blocking effect than propafenone. Consistent with its antiarrhythmic potency in vitro, intra-cutaneous 5-hydroxypropafenone had a smaller local anaesthetic effect in the guinea pig wheal. In contrast to these findings 5-hydroxypropafenone showed a stronger antiarrhythmic potency in vivo (rat and dog), as demonstrated on the aconitine- and infarction arrhythmias. In addition, in His bundle studies 5-hydroxypropafenone caused a more marked prolongation of the conduction time in atria, AV-node and His-Purkinje system. In vivo the beta-adrenoceptor blocking effect of 5-hydroxypropafenone (isoprenaline tachycardia, rat) was smaller than that of propafenone. The difference between the in vitro and in vivo potency of 5-hydroxypropafenone may be explained by differences in pharmacokinetics, e.g. by a smaller distribution volume compared to propafenone. CNS effects were investigated due to local anaesthetic properties of the substances tested. As indicator of CNS activity anticonvulsant effects, detectably beneath convulsion-inducing doses, were determined in rats (max. electroshock seizures). The results show low CNS activity of propafenone which is even lower for the metabolite but which is distinctly higher for lidocaine and - related to the antiarrhythmic potency - for flecainide, too.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pharmacological studies on propafenone and its main metabolite 5-hydroxypropafenone. 654 24

A 17-year-old boy with meningomyelocele, hydrocephalus with functioning shunt, seizures, and severe depression was treated with electroconvulsive therapy. His depression and social-scholastic behavior improved; no side effects or sequelae were seen.
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PMID:ECT in the treatment of a depressed adolescent with meningomyelocele, hydrocephalus, and seizures. 664

The authors describe a patient who ingested a toxic quantity of desipramine. His initial desipramine plasma concentration of 1627 ng/ml was associated with generalized seizures, bradycardia, and a respiratory arrest.
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PMID:A case of severe acute desipramine overdose. 669 30

We have experienced two rare cases of acute traumatic hydrocephalus which developed within several hours after head injury. Case 1. A 4-year-old boy was stuck by an automobile. After losing consciousness for a few minutes, he became agitated and vomited. He was brought to our hospital 3 hours after accident. On admission, he scored 8 points on the Glasgow Coma Scale. CT scan on admission disclosed slightly enlarged ventricles, but there were no findings indicating cerebral contusion nor intracranial hemorrhage. His state of consciousness gradually deteriorated, thereafter right sided convulsive seizures occurred. 7 hours after accident, CT scan was repeated and demonstrated a marked enlargement of the ventricles. Continuous ventricular drainage was performed. The ventricular fluid was slightly bloody. After the ventricular drainage, the state of consciousness improved rapidly. 6 days after the accident, ventricular drainage was discontinued. Afterward, size and shape of the ventricles became nearly normal and the patient was discharged 36 days after the head injury without any neurological deficits. Case 2. A 3-year-old girl was buried under a burden. 30 minutes after the accident, her consciousness began to deteriorate with vomiting. She was brought to our hospital 3 hours after the accident. On her arrival, she scored 13 points on Glasgow Coma Scale. CT scan, which performed 4.5 hours after the accident, showed slightly enlarged ventricles and intraventricular hemorrhage in the third and fourth ventricles. Her state of consciousness gradually worsened with generalized seizures. Repeated CT scan 8 hours after the accident, demonstrated a marked enlargement of the ventricles. Following ventricular drainage, the patient's state of consciousness improved rapidly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Acute traumatic hydrocephalus]. 671 43

A 5-year-old boy with severe mental retardation and spastic quadriplegia accompanied by tonic seizures and hyperammonemia was diagnosed as having argininemia due to an arginase deficiency in his erythrocytes. His motor and mental abilities began to deteriorate at the age of 3 years. Thereafter, he lost his ability to stand alone, to sit and even to crawl by himself. After he was diagnosed as argininemia , a protein restricted diet was given as therapy, which was accompanied with a supplement of essential amino acids. However, his clinical condition had not improved very much. The erythrocytes in a normal person was found to have the ability to decrease the patient's elevated plasma arginine level to normal when they are mixed in vitro. First we tried replacing his red cells by a blood transfusion. Then we replaced them with the aid of an IBM 2997 blood cell separator. Following this his clinical and biochemical condition improved, and as a result so did his sitting and crawling abilities. It appears that the replacement of red blood cells improves not only the clinical and biochemical conditions, but the general condition of the patient as well.
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PMID:A successful trial of enzyme replacement therapy in a case of argininemia. 672 10

A man with intermittent right parieto-occipital seizures was monitored by electroencephalography while he received 60 trials of being touched on the right, left, or both hands. Half of the trials were given during a focal seizure, and half were given interictally. While the patient was having seizures, he appropriately responded to all 10 stimuli delivered to the right hand, but four of 10 responses were incorrect (allaesthetic) when he was stimulated on the left. With bilateral simultaneous stimulation he neglected the left hand in all 10 trials. His interictal performance was flawless. When given a line-bisection task on two occasions during a seizure, the patient attempted to make a mark to the left of the entire sheet of paper. Immediately postictally he made a mark at the right end of the line. The case illustrates that focal seizures may induce elements of the neglect syndrome and that attention (to contralateral stimuli) and intention to perform (in the contralateral hemispatial field) may be dissociable phenomena.
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PMID:Seizure-induced neglect. 677 64

Multiple carboxylase deficiency is characterized by deficient activities of three biotin-dependent enzymes, propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase, and beta-methylcrotonyl coenzyme A carboxylase. A newborn infant was seen with metabolic ketoacidosis, hyperammonemia, organic aciduria, seizures, and coma. Multiple carboxylase deficiency was subsequently confirmed by enzyme activity determinations in his peripheral blood leukocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts. The infant's neurologic and metabolic status improved markedly within a few days of administration of pharmacologic doses of oral biotin. His EEG, which was distinctly abnormal, became normal; his extensive computed tomography scan changes resolved, with the exception of ventricular dilation, over the next two months. After two weeks of biotin treatment the excretion of abnormal organic acid metabolites was reduced and his carboxylase activities increased to the normal range. However, the activities of these enzymes increased only to 30% to 55% of normal in fibroblasts incubated in supplemental biotin. This partial correction of enzyme activity differs from that observed in other individuals with multiple carboxylase deficiency and suggests biochemical heterogeneity in this disorder. Prompt diagnosis and intervention can avert some of the pathologic complications of this biotin-responsive condition.
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PMID:Multiple carboxylase deficiency: clinical and biochemical improvement following neonatal biotin treatment. 678 61

One patient with abnormal histidinuria and a normal plasma histidine concentration is presented. This patient had myoclonic seizures like another patient previously reported with histidinuria. The effect of a peroral histidine loading test was studied. The relationship between renal histidinuria and neurological abnormalities is discussed.
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PMID:Renal Histidinuria. 679 74

An infant with histidinemia had a myoclonic seizure disorder that was unresponsive to therapy with anticonvulsants. The seizures stopped promptly after a histidine-restricted diet was instituted. This case suggests that in some individuals with histidinemia, diet therapy may be effective. It is not known what distinguishes this case from previously reported cases in which diet therapy was not effective.
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PMID:Histidinemia. A case with resolution of myoclonic seizures after treatment with a low-histidine diet. 682 23

A case of rheumatoid arthritis with an involvement of the cardiac conduction system was described. The patient was a 65-year-old man who had a 15-year history of classical rheumatoid arthritis combined with an advanced atrioventricular (AV) block resulting in Adams-Stokes seizure. Prior to the occurrence of the AV block, a complete right bundle branch block with a left axis deviation and a first-degree AV block were found on an electrocardiogram (ECG). The histological examination of the conduction system according to the serial sectioning method disclosed that the branching portion of the His bundle and anterior fascicle of the left bundle branch were replaced by the scarring tissue and that the penetrating portion of the His bundle, the AV node and the right bundle branch had rheumatoid granulomatous lesions. The extent and localization of the lesions in the conduction system were well correlated with the findings on the ECG.
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PMID:An autopsy case of rheumatoid arthritis with an involvement of the cardiac conduction system. 685 21


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