Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

By 1870, and within 5 or 6 years of his beginning to analyse the clinical phenomena of epilepsy and to correlate them with autopsy data, the 35-year-old John Hughlings Jackson had come to a view of the nature of epilepsy that was radically different from that of his contemporaries. He recognized that epileptic seizures arose in the cerebral cortex, and not in the medulla oblongata, as was then thought, and he saw that there was no fundamental difference between so-called 'genuine' epilepsy and epileptiform seizures. His great lecture, 'A study of convulsions', published in 1870, contains the essence of nearly all our modern ideas concerning the nature of epilepsy. While Jackson spent the next 30 years of his life in further interpretation of the phenomena of epilepsy, as he did this he began to back away from many of the more radical implications of his earlier brilliant insights. He seems to have done this to make his views more palatable to his contemporaries, but this also encouraged him to interpret varieties of epilepsy in relation to a conceptual scheme of 2, and later 3, hierarchal levels of nervous system functioning. The result is that today's reader of Jackson's later papers can be left rather bewildered and it is only by reading the whole corpus of his work that his enormous conceptual contribution to present-day epileptology can be appreciated.
 ...
PMID:The evolution of J. Hughlings Jackson's thought on epilepsy. 212 59

A 35 year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of convulsive seizures. His parents are first cousins. No other members of his family have similar symptoms. He showed mental retardation since childhood. At age 14, he had generalized convulsive seizures that were intractable. Bilateral cataracts were found and extracted at age 18. He noticed bilateral swellings at Achilles tendons at around 25 years of age. Physical examination revealed bilateral swellings of Achilles tendons. Neurologically, he showed poor intellectual ability, hyperreflexia with positive Babinski's sign and cerebellar ataxia. Marked elevations of cholestanol level (53.84 micrograms/ml; normal: 2.71 +/- 0.81, n = 17) and cholestanol/cholesterol ratio (2.20%; normal: 0.16 +/- 0.05, n = 17) were detected in serum. EEG showed abnormal background activities with bursts of high voltage slow theta activities. MRI study showed high intensity lesions in globus pallidus and multiple lesions in white matter with long spin echo sequence. Oral administration of chenodeoxycholic acid improved EEG findings, serum cholestanol level and convulsive seizures. However, the MRI abnormalities remained unchanged, which suggested irreversible brain damage. We reviewed the previous reports of 144 cases of CTX. Fourteen cases had convulsive seizures. We stress that CTX is one the causes of symptomatic epilepsy.
 ...
PMID:[A case of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis with convulsive seizures]. 219 Jul 43

Hypernatremia is a common electrolyte disturbance, most often caused by volume depletion. Hypernatremia due to sodium excess occurs less frequently, and fatal hypernatremia solely from ingestion of table salt is rare. We describe a 41-year-old man who had seizures and hypernatremia after ingestion of a supersaturated salt water solution intended for gargling. He had consumed approximately a third cup of table salt (approximately 70 to 90 g of salt or 1,200 to 1,500 meq of sodium). His initial serum sodium concentration was 209 meq/liter. Hypotonic fluid therapy was given to provide free water and to correct the hypernatremia gradually. Our patient, however, failed to recover from the initial insult and died 3 days later. Review of the literature revealed 10 adult and 20 pediatric cases of hypernatremia attributable to exogenous intake of salt. The type of therapy (fluid or peritoneal dialysis), the type of fluid used, and the rate of correction of hypernatremia did not influence survival. The age of the patient and the initial serum sodium concentration were the most important prognostic indicators. Both very young patients and those with lesser degrees of hypernatremia had a better rate of survival than did other patients. In addition, our review illustrates the surprisingly small amount of salt that can cause severe hypernatremia and the danger of using salt or saline as an emetic.
 ...
PMID:Fatal hypernatremia from exogenous salt intake: report of a case and review of the literature. 201 96

We report the case of a term neonate who developed hypocalcemic seizures due to transient hypoparathyroidism on the sixth postnatal day. His brother had had a similar episode after his birth four years earlier. The mother was free of symptoms and had normal calcium and phosphorus levels at the first evaluation. However, repetition of these determinations with a parathormone assay led to the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. A parathyroid adenoma was found and removed surgically. This case-report is the opportunity for reviewing presenting manifestations, diagnostic difficulties, potential complications of this infrequent maternofetal condition, and therapeutic aspects.
 ...
PMID:[Hypocalcemic seizures in two newborn siblings revealing hyperparathyroidism in the mother]. 225 40

Deaths from cocaine abuse continue to increase, while the mechanism of lethality remains unclear. Previous investigations have focused on potential ventricular dysrhythmias and myocardial ischemic events from enhanced autonomic tone or seizure activity from central stimulation. However, cocaine is a local anesthetic and may impair cardiac conduction. To evaluate this, 16 conscious dogs received i.v. cocaine over 30 sec to mimic "recreational" use in doses of 3 mg/kg (n = 6), 5 mg/kg (n = 6) or 7 mg/kg (n = 4). Another group of anesthetized dogs (n = 6) received two infusions of cocaine (5 mg/kg) 1 hr apart. Plasma cocaine levels and His bundle electrograms were obtained at control and at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 10 and 15 min after cocaine administration. At 0.5 min, plasma cocaine reached peak levels of 30.0, 45.0 and 59.6 micrograms/ml with increasing dose. Cocaine rapidly produced severe prolongation of His to ventricle interval and widening of the R wave. Slowing of conduction was dose-dependent, with maximal increases in His to venticle interval of 37 to 56% (P = .0299) and R wave duration of 34 to 77% (P less than .025). Furthermore, significant conduction impairment developed at cocaine levels that did not produce seizures. Conduction effects were equally pronounced during repeated administration of cocaine. These data indicate that cocaine causes marked conduction slowing, which could play an important role in cocaine death.
 ...
PMID:Cocaine-mediated impairment of cardiac conduction in the dog: a potential mechanism for sudden death after cocaine. 229 88

We report a case of fatal theophylline overdose in a 16-year-old asthmatic boy who presented with seizures, respiratory arrest, and a theophylline concentration of 117 mg/L in serum. His hospital course was complicated by refractory hypotension and severe ischemic necrosis of skeletal muscle, bowel, and liver. The metabolic abnormalities observed early in his hospital course included severe hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypermagnesemia, hypocalcemia, and profound metabolic acidosis. These metabolic abnormalities differ from those previously reported in cases of massive theophylline overdose. The metabolic abnormalities observed in this patient probably reflected his extensive ischemic tissue damage with release of intracellular ions and associated acidemia. Markedly increased catalytic activities of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase in serum were also noted.
 ...
PMID:Massive theophylline overdose with atypical metabolic abnormalities. 230 99

A 60-year-old white man presented with aphasia, seizures, paraparesis, and incontinence. His serologic and hematologic profiles were unremarkable. His cerebrospinal fluid showed pleocytosis, increased daily central nervous system IgG synthesis, increased myelin basic protein, and negative cytology and cultures. Cerebral computed tomography exhibited multiple areas of hypodensity but spinal computed tomography and myelography showed no abnormalities. Cranial and spinal magnetic resonance imaging revealed areas of increased signal on T2-weighted images. The use of gadolinium-pentetic acid on T1-weighted images delineated smaller areas of cortical enhancement with surrounding rim of decreased signal. Brain biopsy showed intravascular malignant cells positive for leukocyte common antigen and B-cell markers. The diagnosis was neoplastic angioendotheliomatosis (intravascular lymphomatosis). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of both cranial and spinal magnetic resonance imaging in this condition.
 ...
PMID:Neoplastic angioendotheliomatosis. 237

1. Vigabatrin, 50 mg kg-1, was administered orally as add-on therapy to 11 patients with drug-resistant complex partial epilepsy as a single dose, then once every third day for 2 months, every other day for 2 months and daily for 1 month. 2. Lumbar punctures were carried out prior to treatment and at the end of each dosage regimen and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) evaluated for concentrations of free and total GABA, homocarnosine (GABA-histidine dipeptide), homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) and vigabatrin. 3. Each regimen resulted in significant increases in CSF concentrations of free and total GABA and homocarnosine compared with the immediately preceding regimen. 4. CSF concentrations of HVA significantly increased after a single vigabatrin dose but returned to pre-treatment levels with subsequent dosing schedules. In contrast, 5-HIAA concentrations also increased with the single dose but were significantly decreased, compared with pre-treatment values, following alternate day and daily vigabatrin administration. 5. Seizure frequency progressively decreased with decreasing dosing interval. Daily vigabatrin administration was associated with greater than 50% decrease in seizures in 8 of the 10 patients treated.
 ...
PMID:The effect of different vigabatrin treatment regimens on CSF biochemistry and seizure control in epileptic patients. 247 12

We report a clinico-electroencephalographical follow-up study on a male patient with early myoclonic encephalopathy. Frequent massive and fragmentary myoclonic seizures, and myoclonic-clonic seizures were the initial symptoms at the age of 3 days. EEG revealed a suppression-burst pattern at the onset in which burst phases often coincided with myoclonic seizures. Subsequently, non-epileptic erratic myoclonus, various partial seizures and flexor spasms were observed. The partial seizures ceased at around 4 months of age, while the non-epileptic myoclonus and flexor spasms have persisted beyond the age of 6 months. The EEG pattern evolved into atypical hypsarhythmia at two months of age. No specific biochemical or neuroradiological findings were disclosed. His neuropsychiatric development was arrested from the onset. These observations suggest that early myoclonic encephalopathy is an independent epileptic syndrome and that it might be different from early-infantile epileptic encephalopathy described by Ohtahara.
 ...
PMID:Clinical and electroencephalographical follow-up study of early myoclonic encephalopathy. 251 May 34

A 13-day-old male new-born was admitted to our hospital because of prolonged fever from eleventh day of his life. Physical examinations were unremarkable with good feeding ability, but an increase of the white cell count in the cerebrospinal fluid was noted. In spite of the intravenous administration of antibiotics and gamma-globulin, intractable focal seizures were developed on the fifth day of his illness, and his consciousness level was decreased. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis was strongly suggested by the results of brain computed tomography (low density on the right temporal region) and electroencephalography (right temporal sharp waves recorded in concordance with clonic seizures of the left arm), and acyclovir was started on the sixth day of his illness. His condition was remarkably improved, and then he could drink milk again on the tenth day of his illness. The changes of the antibody titers supported our diagnosis. Among the previously reported twenty-nine patients of neonatal HSV encephalitis in Japan, seven died and twelve were severely handicapped. These grave prognoses may be improved by the early administration of antiherpetic agents to the febrile neonates with intractable (focal) seizures regardless of the absence of mucocutaneous lesions.
 ...
PMID:[Neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis--report of a case and summary of reported patients in Japan]. 267 18


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>