Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 35-year-old man with an old contusional haematoma in the right frontal lobe developed status epilepticus (SE) of right frontal origin. On magnetic resonance (MR) images 10 days after SE, the right striatum showed signal enhancement with Gd-DTPA administration. Subsequent MR imaging 1 month later indicated prolonged T1 and T2 relaxation times in the right striatum. Prolonged seizure activity in the frontal lobe may have induced excitatory neurotoxicity in the ipsilateral striatum, with occurrence of delayed neuronal damage as a result.
Seizure 2002 Jun
PMID:Unilateral striatal damage following status epilepticus of ipsilateral frontal lobe origin. 1202 74

The purpose of this study was to establish and to evaluate MR cisternography after intrathecal Gd-DTPA administration to detect rhinobasal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulae in patients with suspected CSF rhinorrhoea. Ten patients with suspected CSF rhinorrhoea were examined. The MR cisternography included the following investigation steps: acquisition of nonenhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted spin-echo (SE) scans of the skull base and the paranasal sinuses, lumbar puncture with administration of 1 ml Gd-DTPA solute with 4 ml NaCl and performance of MR cisternography with the same fat-suppressed T1-weighted sequences as used initially. In 10 patients with suspected CSF rhinorrhoea Gd-DTPA enhanced MR cisternography detected 5 CSF fistulae. In 3 of 5 CSF leaks were located in the cribriform plate and in 2 of 5 sphenoidal. Whereas 4 of these depicted leaks were confirmed surgically, in 1 case the CSF fistula closed spontaneously. In another case, CSF leakage after severe head injury was clinically highly suspected but ceased prior to MR cisternography with inability to detect the temporary fistula. In the remaining 4 patients with serous rhinorrhoea MR cisternography did not provide any evidences for CSF fistulae. Intrathecal Gd-DTPA injection was tolerated excellently. Clinical and EEG examinations showed no gross behavioural or neurological disturbances and no seizure activity, respectively. The MR cisternography after intrathecal administration of Gd-DTPA represents a safe, promising and minimally invasive method for detection of CSF fistulae. This MR investigation provides excellent depiction of CSF spaces and pinpoints CSF fistulae.
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PMID:MR cisternography after intrathecal Gd-DTPA application. 1243 74

This case of microsporidiosis manifested as mutiple intracranial lesions separated in space and time, and neurological and radiological findings were improved with albendazole administration. A 33-year-old man presented with headache, fever, and dysphasia. His consciousness was clear. Neurological examination revealed acalculia, agraphia, and homonymous hemianopsia. He had a past history of febrile convulsive seizures of unknown cause until 14-years-old, but no history of immunodeficiency. T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed a hypointense lesion with a hyperintense part, and ring-like enhancement with gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA), in the left temporal lobe. T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MR imaging showed the lesion surrounded by moderate hyperintense areas. He underwent gross total resection of the lesion. Histological examination demonstrated intracellular clusters of small basophilic spore-like bodies in the astrocytes, suggestive of microsporidia-infected astrocytes. However, immunohistochemical, polymerase chain reaction, and serological analyses failed to confirm the definitive diagnosis of microsporidiosis, so that he received no further treatment. Three years later, he presented with sensory disturbance in the left side of his face and left cerebellar ataxia, followed by fever, abnormal sensation in the left side of his face, and aggravated ataxia of the left upper and lower extremities on day 10 after admission. T1-weighted MR imaging with Gd-DTPA showed an enhanced lesion with irregular margin in the left cerebellar peduncle. T2-weighted MR imaging showed a diffuse hyperintense region around the lesion. Cerebrospinal fluid culture, serological analysis for autoimmune disease, and thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic computed tomography and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography detected no abnormalities such as cancers or other lesions in the extracranial organs. No definitive diagnosis was obtained, but recurrence of microsporidiosis was the most probable cause. Administration of albendazole (600 mg/day) was started on day 15, because of rapid neurological and radiological deterioration. This treatment resulted in clinical improvement and disappearance of the lesion on MR imaging after daily administration for 4 weeks. He was discharged on foot with moderate sensory disturbance in the left side of the face and ataxia. Based on the clinical course and negative findings, the final diagnosis was microsporidiosis. This case suggests that microsporidiosis in the central nervous system can persist even in immunocompetent patients without involvement of any other organs, and that albendazole administration is likely to be effective.
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PMID:[Multiple intracerebral enhanced lesions strongly suspected to be microsporidiosis. A case report]. 1863 8

Stroke is a well-known cause for seizures in the adult population. Research in animal models indicates that abnormalities in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability can play a role in the development of spontaneous seizures or status epilepticus. The integrity of the BBB was investigated in patients with late post-stroke seizures by performing DTPA-SPECT studies to evaluate the correlation of BBB dysfunction in late post-stroke seizures. All patients with late-onset post-cortical stroke seizures hospitalized during 2009-2010 underwent a brain DTPA-SPECT within 72 h of the first seizure and were compared to a control group of stroke patients without seizures. Twenty-eight patients were included in the study. Twelve out of 14 (85.7%) in the group of seizure post-stroke patients had a positive brain DTPA-SPECT showing disruption of the BBB in the region of the stroke respective to four patients out of 14 (28.6%) in the control group of stroke patients without seizures (p = 0.001). The results of this study suggest that there is a correlation between late post-stroke seizures and BBB disruption, as revealed by DTPA-SPECT examination. Perhaps, this finding could lead to the hypothesis that the BBB disruption can predict developing seizures in patients with cortical stroke.
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PMID:SPECT-DTPA as a tool for evaluating the blood-brain barrier in post-stroke seizures. 2232 12

Hemorrhagic low-grade glioma(LGG)without malignant transformation is rare, accounting for less than 1% of cases. To the best of our knowledge, hemorrhagic LGG with an arteriovenous(AV)shunt has not been reported. We report the case of 17-year-old man with LGG with an AV shunt. He presented to our hospital with seizure. Computed tomography(CT)demonstrated a hypodense lesion with mass effect in the right frontal lobe. T1-weighted images(WI)and T2WI on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)revealed acute-onset hemorrhage in the right frontal lobe. Furthermore, a ring-enhancing lesion was noted on gadolinium(Gd)-DTPA T1WI, and an AV shunt was found in the same region on angiography. Gross total tumor resection was performed. The pathological diagnosis was diffuse astrocytoma with pilomyxoid features(WHO grade II). Without adjuvant therapy, no residual tumor was found on MRI at the 6-year follow-up examination. We treated a case of hemorrhagic LGG with an AV shunt. Intratumoral hemorrhage in LGG may occur and should be considered for the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:[Diffuse Astrocytoma with Pilomyxoid Features Presenting as Intratumoral Hemorrhage:A Case Report]. 3057 4

Surgical resection of the epileptogenic region is typically regarded to be practical and efficient for complete elimination of intractable seizures, which cannot be simply controlled by anti-epileptic drugs alone. To achieve a precision removal of the epileptogenic region and even a surgical cure, molecular imaging of epilepsy markers is highly essential for non-invasive accurate detection of the epileptogenic region. In this work, a peptide-targeted nanoprobe, based on ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIONs), PA-USPIONs, was elaborately constructed to enable highly selective delivery and sensitive T1-weighted positive magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the epileptogenic region. Especially, Pepstatin A (PA), a small peptide which can specifically target to P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpressed at the epileptogenic region in a kainic acid (KA)-induced mice model of seizures, was conjugated onto the surface of PEGylated USPIONs. It has been demonstrated that the as-constructed PA-USPIONs nanoprobes have favorable T1 contrast enhancement and high r1 relaxivity compared with the clinically used T1-MR contrast agent (Gd-DTPA) by systematic in vitro and vivo assessments. Importantly, the toxicity evaluation, especially to brains, was assessed by the histological as well as hematological examinations, demonstrating that the fabricated PA-USPIONs nanoprobes are featured with excellent biocompatibility, guaranteeing the further potential clinical application. This first report on the development of USPIONs as T1-weighted MR contrast agents for active targeting of the epileptogenic region holds the high potential for precise resection of the according lesion in order to achieve therapeutic, often curative purposes.
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PMID:Construction of Pepstatin A-Conjugated ultrasmall SPIONs for targeted positive MR imaging of epilepsy-overexpressed P-glycoprotein. 3171 85


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