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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previous studies have shown a low incidence of clinical seizure development in healthy individuals with EEG epileptiform discharge activity. This has tended to de-emphasise the role of the EEG in screening pilots. A call is made for consideration of impairment of function associated with epileptiform discharges as a relevant factor in determination of fitness to fly and reconsideration of the role of the EEG in this area.
Percept Mot Skills 1993 Dec
PMID:The EEG in the determination of fitness to fly. 828 43

Approximately 35% of the variance (multiple r = 0.59) in the proportion of overt seizures (forelimb clonus) within a group of 35 chronically epileptic male rats during 65, daily 10-min. observation periods was significantly accommodated by the variations in the magnitude of the increased geomagnetic activity at the same time as the seizures and with activity during the previous midscotophase. The results supported the hypothesis that increased geomagnetic activity during specific subintervals of the circadian period suppresses the activity of the endogenous anticonvulsant melatonin and lowers the threshold for paroxysmal electrical seizures. The possibility of employing large populations of (limbic) epileptic patients as a network or a very large array of biomonitors for geomagnetic activity is considered.
Percept Mot Skills 1995 Aug
PMID:Geophysical variables and behavior: LXXIX. Overt limbic seizures are associated with concurrent and premidscotophase geomagnetic activity: synchronization by prenocturnal feeding. 853 87

Aggressive behaviors (numbers of bites/hour) within groups (ns = 8) of normal rats and rats in which seizures had been induced by a single systemic injection of lithium/pilocarpine were observed for 11 successive, 1-hr, periods. Mean numbers of neurons and glial cells were counted for 10 different nuclei of the amygdala for 16 different brains (8 control; 8 seizure). Although there was no significant difference found between rats with chronically induced seizures and controls for the numbers of neurons per area within the central medial amygdaloid nucleus, the neuronal density was correlated significantly (.92) with mean numbers of bites per hour for the chronically epileptic group only. The hypothesis that seizure-induced damage within proximal amygdaloid nuclei disinhibits the central nucleus and encourages aggression was supported.
Percept Mot Skills 1995 Oct
PMID:Association between intermale social aggression and cellular density within the central amygdaloid nucleus in rats with lithium/pilocarpine-induced seizures. 857 Mar 70

In three separate experiments, chronic epileptic male rats (ns = 24, 24, and 4) were exposed to experimental magnetic fields whose intensities were either constant or varied. The ripple frequency was always 7 Hz. Only exposure to a field with a constant intensity (700 nT) appeared to inhibit occurrence of the seizures. Although exposure to a field configuration whose strength increased and decreased by fixed increments during the hour before feeding did not affect the incidence of seizures, exposure to these fields for 5 min, only once per hour (increments of 15 to 20 nT for 30 sec. to a maximum of 70 nT) during the previous night between midnight and 0800 hr. increased the proportion of seizures following the presentation of food. An explanation is given for the persistent antithetical effects of experimental magnetic fields and geomagnetic activity upon seizure phenomena.
Percept Mot Skills 1996 Apr
PMID:Attempts to simulate the association between geomagnetic activity and spontaneous seizures in rats using experimentally generated magnetic fields. 872 37

A qualitatively evident enhancement of chromolytic neurons within the lateral posterior thalamus of rats in which limbic seizures had been induced by lithium and pilocarpine and who were later trained for spatial memory was assessed quantitatively. The significant increase in the numbers of chromolytic neurons and the decrease in the numbers of normal neurons for these rats compared to the reference brains suggested these morphological changes were recent. The hypothesis that excessive stimulation of the lateral posterior nucleus by daily training in a radial maze may have facilitated the necrosis was supported by the inverse relationship between a linear combination of the numbers of normal neurons and oligodendroglia and the rate of learning during the earlier but not the later sessions. An implication for iatrogenic effects from rehabilitation of humans following brain injury was suggested.
Percept Mot Skills 1996 Aug
PMID:Demands during maze. learning in limbic epileptic rats: selective damage in the thalamus? 887 9

Chronically epileptic (induced by a single systemic injection of lithium and pilocarpine about 30 days before the experiment began) male rats were trained within a radial maze while they were administered either GABA-pentin (Neurontin), or prednisolone or given no treatment. There was no significant improvement in learning or memory between the groups. Numbers of trials per day were positively correlated with the time required to display the overt stereotyped forelimb clonus after the single pilocarpine injection. The numbers of correct trials completed during the first few days of acquisition were significantly greater for the rats that had receive weak (1 microT) complex, pulsed magnetic fields over the right hemisphere during the first 24 hr. after seizure induction than for those who received the same field over the left hemisphere or that had been exposed to reference conditions. Implications of the enhanced sensitivity of limbic neurons to subtle electromagnetic interaction during electrical lability are discussed.
Percept Mot Skills 1996 Oct
PMID:Long-term consequences of subtle stimuli during the first twenty-four hours of seizure-induced brain injury. 890 27

Flinch (pain) thresholds for electric current delivered to the feet were correlated with the amount of necrosis within the diencephalon and telencephalon for rats in which seizures had been induced by lithium and pilocarpine about two months before the testing. The shared variance of the quantitative damage within the claustrum, the anterior part of the paraventricular nucleus of thalamus, (central) mediodorsal thalamus, and lateral amygdala (ventromedial part) explained 81% of the variance in the nociceptive (flinch) thresholds. A primary role of the claustrum within the neuropathways that mediate the response to the interoceptive and "painful" characteristics of stimuli is indicated. The concept of primary pathways versus "emergent" pathways subsequent to excitotoxic damage within the neuromatrix is discussed.
Percept Mot Skills 1997 Oct
PMID:Emergent properties following brain injury: the claustrum as a major component of a pathway that influences nociceptive thresholds to foot shock in rats. 934 20

Hallucinations, sensory perceptions without environmental stimuli, occur as simple experiences of auditory, gustatory, olfactory, tactile, or visual phenomena as well as mixed- or complex experiences of more than one simple phenomenon. The nature of the hallucination assists localization, differential diagnosis, and treatment planning. In particular, the presence of persistent visual hallucinations of persons with Parkinson's disease predicts dementia, rapid deterioration, permanent nursing home placement, and death. Hallucinations in persons with Alzheimer's disease are often associated with serious behavioral problems and predict a rapid cognitive decline. Theories of the etiology of hallucinations include (1) stimulation, e.g., neurochemical, electrical, seizure, and ephaptic, and (2) inhibition, e.g., destruction of normally inhibitory functions, resulting in disinhibition as in the Charles Bonnet and phantom limb syndromes. Functional neuroimaging procedures suggest anatomical associations for hallucinations. While hallucinations may be a symptom of medical, neurologic, and psychiatric disorders, they may also occur in a wide range of human experiences.
Percept Mot Skills 1998 Jun
PMID:Hallucinations. 965 80

The nocturnal and day-time activity of rats was monitored continuously after the induction of seizures by a single systemic injection of lithium followed 4 hr. later by the muscarinic agent pilocarpine. Although there was a transient increase in activity during the day cycle shortly after the seizure induction, this behavior returned to baseline levels; however, nocturnal activity increased and remained elevated two or three times above the baseline levels. Implications for the enhancement of nocturnal melatonin levels within the brains of these chronically epileptic rats are discussed.
Percept Mot Skills 1998 Jun
PMID:Persistent elevation of nocturnal activity in rodents following apparent recovery from lithium/pilocarpine-induced limbic seizures. 970 Aug

23 unselected juvenile firesetters (M age 12.0 yr.) consisted of seven with schizophrenia, three with organic mental disorder, six with posttraumatic stress disorder, two with severe mental retardation, and two with conduct disorders. Three previously nondestructive boys (M age 11.0 yr.), all of them loners, did not fit such traditional diagnoses. Their fleeting (c. 20 min.) symptoms included flat affect, autonomic arousal, and delusions or hallucinations. It appeared that their motiveless, unplanned acts were each preceded by a chance encounter with an individualized stimulus which revived the three boys' repeatedly ruminated memories of intermittently experienced merely moderate stresses associated with fire, smoke, or matches. Such a sequence of events is characteristic of seizure kindling. One boy's abnormal EEG was congruent with seizures in the temporal lobe area, which includes the amygdala, i.e., that part of the limbic system particularly susceptible to seizure kindling. The three boys' consistent symptomatology was very similar to that reported for 17 men with bizarre homicidal acts implicating a kindled partial seizure called "Limbic Psychotic Trigger Reaction." In primates, too, similar partial nonconvulsive "behavioral seizures" with psychosis-like symptoms can be elicited through experiential kindling.
Percept Mot Skills 1999 Jun
PMID:Motiveless firesetting: implicating partial limbic seizure kindling by revived memories of fires in "Limbic Psychotic Trigger Reaction". 1040 7


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