Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is reported. The patient experienced short term memory disorders and irritability progressing over 3 months, without seizures or fever. The CSF was normal. CT showed a small low density area in the right posterior orbito-frontal region. At post-mortem examination, one month later, the temporal cortex appeared largely spared by necrosis, which involved the posterior orbito-frontal areas. Cowdry type A inclusions, herpes virus like particles and fluorescent reaction with HSV1 monoclonal antibodies strongly supported the diagnostic. Such atypical cases of long duration have apparently seldom been reported. They suggest that HSE should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a subacute encephalopathy.
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PMID:[Clinico-pathologic case of slowly progressive herpes simplex encephalitis without temporal necrosis]. 255 75

Ehrlichia canis infection was diagnosed in a dog with a history of seizures and nonregenerative anemia. Serologic titer to E canis was greater than 1:100. Evaluation of CSF revealed a high cell count, high protein concentration, and a positive Pandy test result. Several mononuclear leukocytes in the CSF contained E canis morulae. Central nervous system lesions are commonly found on postmortem examination of animals with ehrlichiosis, although clinical reports of neurologic signs attributable to this disease are less common. Ehrlichiosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of CNS disease in dogs from enzootic areas.
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PMID:Ehrlichiosis in a dog with seizures and nonregenerative anemia. 259 63

Cerebrospinal fluid/serum lactic acid was prospectively assayed in 42 patients with febrile convulsions. Patients were divided into two groups for analytical purposes. Those with brief febrile seizures (30 patients) and the remaining 12 patients had prolonged febrile seizures. CSF and serum lactic acid values were within normal range in patients with brief seizures while elevated values were obtained in patients with prolonged seizures. The mean CSF lactic acid on admission was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in patients with prolonged seizures than corresponding values in those with brief seizures. Mean serum lactic acid on admission was also significantly higher in patients with prolonged febrile seizures compared to the corresponding mean value in patients with brief seizures (P greater than 0.001). Patients who recovered with neurological deficits had significantly higher CSF lactic acid on admission (P greater than 0.001). Similarly 8 patients who had recurrent febrile convulsions had significantly higher CSF lactate on admission. It is suggested that measurement of CSF lactate can be used as a biochemical marker to identify children with prolonged seizures and those who are likely to have recurrent febrile seizures.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid/serum lactic acid in febrile convulsions. 260 48

A 6-year-old girl with cerebral palsy developed conscious disturbance and generalized convulsion after one-hour hot herb drug bath. Physical examination on admission revealed rectal temperature 41 degrees C, hot skin, respiration 46/min, regular heart beat 98/min, BP 130/60 mmHg, Glascow coma scale 4 (E2M1V1), soft and flat abdomen, no hepatosplenomegaly, no skin rash, no focal neurological sign, increased generalized muscle ton. Laboratory data showed CBC: WBC 20400 cumm (Neutrophils 31%, Lymphocytes 69%), Hb 11.6gm%, ESR 11 mm/hr, arterial blood gas: PH 7.077, PO2 43mmHg, PCO2 57.1mmHg, HCO3- 16 mEq/L, BE-11.5mEq/L, serum sodium 143 mEq./L, potassium 5.2 mEq/L, chloride 101 mEq/L, free calcium ion 3.8mg%, GOT 63IU/L, GPT 263 IU/L, amylase 193 IU/L, alkaline phosphatase 388 IU/L, LDH 1245 IU/L, CPK 677 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.8 mg/dl, direct type 0.1 mg/dl, BUN 18 mg/dl, Glucose 35 mg/dl. Urinalysis revealed proteinuria( ) trace hematuria and pyuria, but no cast. Lumbar puncture is within normal limits. Bacteriology including blood and CSF are normal. Multiple organ failure was noted at that time. Intensive cooling methods were performed including central and peripheral cooling. We used luminal and valium to control the seizure. Condition didn't improve. Afterwards cardiopulmonary arrest developed. Patient expired 8 hours after admission despite of resuscitation. Heat stroke in infancy and childhood is different from that in adulthood. The predisposing factors are high ambient temperature, dehydration, very young baby, sweat gland dysfunction, or ectodermal dysplasia. Definition of heat stroke includes 1) rectal temperature above 41 degrees C, 2) behavioral change, 3) warm skin, wet or dry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Status epilepticus induced by prolonged immersion in hot herb bath: report of one case]. 263 19

The management and evaluation of neurosurgical intracranial catastrophes require a multidisciplinary approach to optimize outcome. Intracranial pathology must be rapidly evaluated. Clinically, the patient's mental status, the degree and extent of focal neurologic deficits, and the dynamic nature of any changes in clinical status are assessed. The CT scan is invaluable for diagnosing and monitoring the progress and extent of intracranial pathology. Medical therapy for the control of intracranial hypertension must be undertaken simultaneously. This begins with provision of an adequate, protected airway and support of cardiopulmonary function. Specific measures to control intracranial hypertension include hyperventilation, osmotherapy, CSF removal, seizure control, autonomic control, sedation (primarily thiopental), muscle relaxation, mild hypothermia, and, if indicated, steroids. The goal of intraoperative management is physiologic support of systemic and cerebral hemodynamics. There should be a smooth transition from the discovery of the patient in extremis through the period of medical stabilization, operative intervention, and ultimate delivery of the patient to the intensive care facility for extended treatment.
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PMID:Perioperative management of intracranial catastrophes. 267 2

We report a new potentially dangerous complication of nasal continuous positive airway pressure applied for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. A middle-aged woman had cerebrospinal fluid leak after using nasal CPAP, with generalized seizures and pneumocephalus. She did fine with conservative therapy for the CSF leak and discontinuation of nasal CPAP.
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PMID:Pneumocephalus associated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure in a patient with sleep apnea syndrome. 220 17

Two cases of epithelial cyst are reported. Case 1. A 68-year-old female visited our hospital with a complaint of decreased visual acuity, 0.04 in the left eye, in September 1986. Visual field examination showed bitemporal hemianopsia. CT scan demonstrated nonenhancing cystic lesion involving the suprasellar region. By a right frontotemporal craniotomy, the suprasellar cyst was explored. The wall of the cyst was partially removed to relieve pressure against both optic nerves and chiasma. Histologically, the cyst wall was lined with a single layer of non-ciliated cuboidal epithelium. Electron microscopic study revealed a number of microvilli, continuous basement membrane and desmosomes. Case 2. A 40-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of sensory disturbance in the left hand for several years. She had an episode of convulsive seizure with a loss of consciousness. Neurological examination revealed hypesthesia of the left hand. CT scan showed non-enhancing right frontoparietal cystic lesion compressing the right lateral ventricle to the left. By a right frontoparietal craniotomy, the cystic lesion was explored. The cyst existed beneath an arachnoid membrane and contained CSF-like clear fluid. The cyst wall was resected, as far as possible, to obtain communication with normal subarachnoid CSF space. Histologically, by light and electron microscopic study, the cyst was considered to be an epithelial cyst. A correct diagnosis is difficult because other cystic lesions such as arachnoid cysts and craniopharyngioma are of similar low density and appear the same on CT scan. It is impossible to diagnose such an epithelial cyst by relying on neuroradiological study alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Epithelial cysts of the central nervous system: report of two cases]. 271 Feb 90

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if the pharmacodynamics of the central nervous system stimulant pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) are altered in renal dysfunction. Female rats subjected to bilateral ureteral ligation (with sham-operated controls) or injected with uranyl nitrate (with saline injected controls) were infused intravenously with PTZ until the onset of either a minimal (myoclonic jerk) or maximal (tonic hindlimb extension) seizure. Neither chemically nor surgically induced renal dysfunction caused a change in the concentrations of PTZ in CSF, serum, or brain at onset of minimal seizures. When PTZ was infused to onset of maximal seizures, the rats with chemically induced renal dysfunction required higher concentrations, whereas the ureter-ligated rats convulsed at lower concentrations of PTZ than did the corresponding control animals. Thus, the effects of experimental renal dysfunction on the convulsant action of PTZ are dependent on both the disease model and the endpoint used for the pharmacodynamic measurement. Apparently, renal dysfunction did not affect the PTZ-induced seizure threshold, but inhibited the spread of seizures. The increased sensitivity of ureter-ligated rats may be due to their pronounced retention of water, since water loading is known to increase seizure susceptibility.
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PMID:Kinetics of drug action in disease states. XXXIII: Disparate effects of pentylenetetrazol in rats as a function of renal disease model and pharmacologic endpoint. 271 36

The monobactam aztreonam was used to treat 22 young patients with meningitis caused by gram-negative bacilli. Haemophilus influenzae was isolated from the CSF of 21 patients and Salmonella heidelberg from the CSF of 1. Dosages ranged from 100 to 200 mg/kg/day in 4 doses at 6-hour intervals. Minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined by the broth dilution method for all isolated strains, and values ranged from 0.05 to 2.0 micrograms/ml. Blood and CSF drug levels were determined by a microbiologic plate diffusion method, and mean values for CSF and blood were 1.4 and 14.9 micrograms/ml, respectively. The outcome was good in 21 patients; 1 patient died. Complications were mild; subdural effusion occurred in 6 cases and was managed clinically; asymptomatic hydrocephalus was seen in 4; seizure during the acute phase occurred in 6 cases; hypoacusis was noted in 2, and motor impairment was detected at the follow-up in 1 case. Aztreonam achieved good blood and CSF penetration and performed well in the treatment of 20 cases of H. influenzae meningitis and in the one case of S. heidelberg meningitis.
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PMID:Aztreonam in the treatment of bacterial meningitis. 273 49

1. To evaluate the relationship between the clinical response and enhancement of GABAergic neurotransmission, for 6 months we administered vigabatrin (gamma-vinyl-GABA, GVG) to 75 patients with complex partial epilepsy. Total GABA (TGABA), free GABA (FGABA), homocarnosine (HC), and GVG concentrations were measured in CSF of these patients before and during GVG treatment. 2. Over 50% reduction in seizures was found in 55% of the patients. Dose-reduction resulted in a relapse, i.e. the return of seizures. 3. At baseline TGABA, FGABA, and HC did not differ in responders and nonresponders. After GVG treatment, the TGABA and HC levels were lower in nonresponders (P less than 0.001), but the GVG and FGABA levels did not differ. The GVG dose reduction resulted in a concomitant decrease in TGABA, FGABA, HC and GVG (P less than 0.001). 4. According to our results GVG is an effective anticonvulsant drug in complex partial seizures. In nonresponders the poor anticonvulsant response may be related to the lower elevation of the CSF markers of GABAergic neuronal activity in this group compared with the responders.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid GABA and seizure control with vigabatrin. 275 14


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