Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Creatine kinase BB (CK-BB) isoenzyme was measured by radioimmunoassay in serum and in cerebrospinal fluid from 61 patients with various neurological disorders. Statistically significant elevations of CK-BB isoenzyme in the serum were observed in patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents and in those with seizures and a prolonged alteration in level of consciousness. Statistically significant elevations of CK-BB isoenzyme in the cerebrospinal fluid were also found in patients who had suffered acute cerebrovascular accidents. Some patients with central nervous system infections, acute demyelinating disease, certain drug overdoses, head trauma, and complex migraine also had elevations of serum and CSF CK-BB isoenzyme. In 2 patients with elevations of CK-BB isoenzyme, the elevations in serum occurred later than those detected in the cerebrospinal fluid. If CK-BB elevations determined by radioimmunoassay can be demonstrated to be quantitatively related to the extent of brain damage, then these determinations in conjunction with experimental animal models and newer radiological techniques should allow evaluation, in an objective and precise manner, of measures designed to decrease that damage.
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PMID:Creatine kinase BB isoenzyme levels by radioimmunoassay in patients with neurological disease. 65 54

A unique association of Sturge-Weber syndrome and atlanto-occipital assimilation is presented. A 18-year-old male was admitted in emergency because of the sudden severe headache and vomiting. He had vascular nevus in the right half of the face at birth and several episodes of generalized convulsive seizures. On admission craniogram demonstrated calcification in the right occipital area. Neurological examination revealed tenderness in the nuchal region, moderate limitation of cervical mobility in a antero-posterior direction, Bruns-Cushing type nystagmus, bilaterally diminished gag reflex, and positive Romberg's test. Spinal tap showed crystal clear CSF with normal pressure. EEG showed paroxysmal slowing focus in the right parieto-occipital area. Polytomography of the craniovertebral junction demonstrated the unilateral atlanto-occipital assimilation on the left associated with the aplasia of the right posterior arch. Myelography was negative. A right carotid angiography disclosed the dilatation of the basal vein of Rosenthal and abnormal venous vasculature. CT-scan demonstrated the calcified region of the right occipital area more distinctly than the plain roentogenogram, but the enhancement study of the leptomeningeal angioma of the Sturge-Weber syndrome was negative. Never been found this rare association in a review of the literature, the authors discussed the clinical and radiological findings of both diseases.
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PMID:[Sturge-Weber syndrome associated with atlanto-occipital assimilation: a report of a case (author's transl)]. 68 66

We examined CSF copper and zinc concentrations in 30 children with acute febrile illness and meningism (control group) and in 37 patients with shortlasting seizures, febrile or not, and acute viral meningitis. The trace elements were quantitatively measured by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. 1. It was shown that the concentrations of copper and zinc in CSF remain constant during childhood.--2. No increase could be found in the concentrations of copper and zinc in CSF caused by the neurological diseases of our patients. These data suggest that permanent cerebral lesions as a consequence of shortlasting seizures and viral meningitis would be very unlikely and that a transient dysfunction of metabolism does not liberate copper- and zinc-metallo-proteins in CSF. 3. There was no correlation between the protein concentration in CSF and copper and zinc concentrations in CSF.
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PMID:[Copper and zinc in cerebrospinal fluid of children with neurological diseases (author's transl)]. 73 23

Thirteen adult Rhesus monkeys were repeatedly perfused through the ventriculocisternal or ventriculolumbar spaces with Elliott's B solution containing various concentrations of methotrexate (MTX) and trace amounts of [3H]MTX and [carboxy-14C]inulin. The concentrations of MTX ranged from 4.8 to 0.15 mg/ml representing perfusion dosages of 551 mg/sq m to 16 mg/sq m. The average steady-state concentration out-concentration in (Co/Ci) value for MTX was 0.78 +/- 0.04 for the ventriculocisternal and 0.66 +/- 0.01 for the ventriculolumbar routes. MTX treatments did not significantly affect mean inulin steady-state Co/Ci values or CSF formation rate. With the exception of a monkey perfused with MTX at an inflow concentration of 4.8 mg/ml, body weight, food intake, and urine output, analyzed at weekly intervals, generally were not remarkably affected by MTX perfusions. In five monkeys perfused with MTX in concentrations of 4.8 to 0.6 mg/ml, gross neurological toxicity was observed, principally in the form of seizures and hypokinesia during perfusion series with occasional residual motor deficit. Significant cerebral damage was associated with the brains of two monkeys perfused with MTX at concentrations of 2.4 and 0.6 mg/ml and two monkeys perfused at concentrations of 1.2 and 0.3 mg/ml; there of the four animals displayed signs of gross neurotoxicity, and two animals developed permanent motor deficits. However, the extent to which neurotoxic signs could be attributed solely to MTX was difficult to judge because some changes in central nervous system morphology were associated with the mechanical aspects of the procedure. Overall behavioral performance as measured by a visual pattern discrimination reinforced by avoidance or escape from an electric shock was not significantly affected by repeated perfusions of MTX (0.6 mg/ml) in two monkeys not otherwise studied in detail.
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PMID:Neuropharmacological effects of methotrexate perfused through the cerebrospinal fluid system of the rhesus monkey. 82 6

Chronic administration of the same dose of cocaine to rhesus monkeys for up to 6 months was associated with progressive alterations in pathological behavior and increased susceptibility to seizures. Monkeys initially displaying prominent hyperactive stereotypic responses for up to 2 months began to demonstrate increasing amounts of inhibitory behavior, consisting of catalepsy, motor inhibition, and abnormal visual tracking and staring. Four of 13 animals developed increasing intensities of lingual-buccal dyskinesias after 10 weeks of chronic cocaine. Animals initially showing no convulsions to a given dose of cocaine eventually developed convulsions to the same dose, and then displayed an increased frequency of convulsions following subsequent injections. Levels of the dopamine metabolite, homovanillic acid (HVA), in the cisternal cerebrospinal fluid were significantly elevated during both excitatory stereotypic and inhibitory syndromes; a similar trend was observed for HVA after probenecid administration. Only the probenecid-induced accumulations of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, following acute cocaine administration, were significantly elevated. The progressive increases in convulsions, dyskinesias, and the inhibitory syndrome did not appear related to alterations in peak levels of cocaine in plasma or CSF, and a pharmacological kindling model is suggested as an alternate explanation of the data. The study extends the current models of stimulant-induced psychoses by highlighting the progressive alterations in behavior and neurological sequelae and in suggesting that this progressive mechanism may also be important in the development of psychosis in man.
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PMID:Progressive effects of cocaine on behavior and central amine metabolism in rhesus monkeys: relationship to kindling and psychosis. 82 87

Metrizamide is an attractive myelographic agent with several advantages over other available myelographic agents. Radiographic detail is generally superior to Pantopaque and gas myelography, the material need not be aspiradted and does not appear to result in long-term complicaitons. Because of its low neuro-toxicity, it may be allowed to come into contact with the spinal cord and brain, unlike other water-soluble agents. Its main disadvantages are its tendency to diffuse into the CSF when run from one portion of the spinal canal to another and the occurrence of acute toxic effects such as vomiting and, rarely, seizures.
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PMID:Comparison of metrizamide with other myelographic agents. 91 65

The electrocortical activity and the antibiotic concentration in serum and CSF were investigated in rabbits after i.v. administration of benzylpenicillin, ampicillin and oxacillin. In contrast to ampicillin and oxacillin, benzylpenicillin induced a pronounced epileptogenic activity. The different epileptogenic activity of the three penicillins cannot be explained by the difference in the CSF level of these agents only. The intensity of the epileptogenic activity and the CSF level after benzylpenicillin administration were markedly influenced by the experimental procedure in that curarized animals exhibited both higher CSF levels and more intense seizure activities than non-curarized animals. Factors are discussed which may be responsible for the different neurotoxic potency of the three penicillins and for the dependence of the benzylpenicillin-induced seizure intensity on the experimental procedure.
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PMID:Neurotoxicity and CSF level of three penicillins. 98 64

A girl with non-contributory family history, at the age of 7 years developed a recurrent ataxic-spastic syndrome followed by disorders of consciousness and seizures. She died in a decerebrate state at the age of 10 9/12 years. Diffuse EEG abnormalities changed in accordance with the clinical course. CSF findings were always negative. Brain biopsy performed at the age of 9 5/12 years was non-diagnostic. No clinical signs of adrenal insufficiency were present. Neuropathological examination disclosed severe demyelination of the cerebral white matter with formation of large periventricular cavities, relative sparing of the subcortical arcuate fibers, and peripheral myelin breakdown of the orthochromatic (neutral fat) type. There was complete absence of inflammatory lesions, comparative preservation of axons and oligodendroglia with moderate astroglial reaction. The optic system and cerebellum were not involved. Additional postanoxic changes were seen in the thalamus and hippocampus. The sporadic case is suggested to represent a cavitating form of neutral fat (simple orthochromatic) leukodystrophy which is to be separated from Schilder's diffuse sclerosis and adrenoleukodystrophy. The etiology of the disorder is unknown.
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PMID:[Cavitating neutral fat leukodystrophy with recurrent course]. 98 13

Twenty-three leukemic children were studied prospectively to detect chronic effects of therapy. All patients received CNS prophylaxis, including 2400 R cranial irradiation, and intermittent maintenance therapy with intravenous methotrexate, cyclophosphamide and cytosine arabinoside. Neurologic symptoms were observed in 12 patients, all of whom had intermittent limping and mild incoordination, between the 10th and 18th month of maintenance therapy. Five of the 12 sustained seizures and four of these had subsequent abnormalities in motor, perceptual, behavioral or language development. Three school-aged children have learning disability and perceptual-motor defects. Studies of CSF folate and MTX content are presented but not helpful in delineating the etiology of these neurologic symptoms.
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PMID:Chronic neurologic disturbance in childhood leukemia. 106 30

Cerebral cysticercosis is a neurologic disease with myriad manifestations. Three basic types of infections occur: localized, widespread, and proliferative inflammatory reaction. A case is reported illustrating the first type of infection and one type of clinical presentation,--focal seizures. The worldwide distribution of the disease suggests that as global travel increases we will have to consider the diagnosis more often. The diagnosis is established principally through thorough examination of the CSF plus signs of parasitosis in other parts of the body. A history of living in an endemic area should strengthen suspicion. Definitive treatment is currently limited to neurosurgical intervention.
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PMID:Cerebral cysticercosis. 115 49


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