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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seven out of 829 pediatric cardiac patients (0.84%) were found to have sinus node dysfunction (SND) over the past seven years. Of the seven patients, three had structurally normal hearts. One of these three patients had long QT syndrome. In four patients, structural heart disease was noted. In three of these four patients the sinus node dysfunction was attributed to cardiac surgery. The age of onset of SND ranged from four months to eight years. Presenting symptoms and signs included syncope, near-syncope, seizure and congestive heart failure. Two patients were asymptomatic. Five patients had episodic sinus pause. Sinus or junctional bradycardia was noted in four patients. Three had tachy-bradycardia. High grade atrioventricular block was noted in one patient. Treadmill exercise test revealed a nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in two patients. All seven patients were found to have prolonged maximal corrected sinus node recovery time. Prolonged intra-atrial conduction time was found in three, prolonged AV nodal conduction time in one, and prolonged His-Purkinje conduction time in one patient during the electrophysiologic study. All seven patients showed abnormal results in intrinsic heart rate study. Anti-arrhythmic drugs were prescribed. During the follow-up study, no patient died, but two patients received a pacemaker implantation. Because of the extent of their conduction system diseases, it is recommended that patients with SND should be thoroughly investigated.
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi
PMID:Sinus node dysfunction in children. 151 8

From July 1986 to July 1991, seventeen typical absence seizures, in patients aged 3 to 12 years (mean: 7 years 1 month), were collected for clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis. All were first-evaluated patients at the Pediatric Neurology Clinic, National Taiwan University Hospital with thorough EEG examination (including waking and natural sleep records) and detailed medical records. All had no history of any brain insult, except for one who had had febrile convulsion before. There were nine female and eight male patients. All had regular bilaterally synchronous and symmetric 3 Hz spike-and-wave discharges and absences. Nine of the 17 cases had interictal focal spike discharges, located over centro-temporal area in 4 cases, fronto-central area in 2 cases and parietooccipital area in the other 2 cases. Another patient was found to have 3 Hz posterior slow waves. Four of the 17 cases had automatisms. Only one case had photo-paroxysmal response. Hyperventilation could induce clinical spells and typical EEG findings in all 17. Normal interictal background activity on the EEG was also found in all cases.
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi
PMID:Electroencephalographic and clinical features of typical absence seizures in children. 151 7

The designation of "Infantile Bilateral Striatal Necrosis" (IBSN) was first given by Friede in 1975. However, this unusual condition was first described by Paterson and Carmichael in 1924. The disease is rare with uncertain etiology. The clinical picture includes choreoathetosis, abnormal eye movements, seizures and mental dullness. These circumstances often follow symptoms such as fever, vomiting and impaired consciousness. The final diagnosis is confirmed by pathological examination, which reveals symmetrical degeneration of bilateral basal ganglia. With present technology IBSN can be well demonstrated in the brain Ct scans or MRI scans nowadays. This article reports four cases with clinical manifestations which had appeared before the age of one year. Three cases had prodromal upper respiratory tract infection symptoms with vomiting, while seizure and impaired consciousness ensued. One case had several bouts of pneumonitis followed by seizures, impaired consciousness and abnormal eye movement. Brain sonogram of one of these cases showed hyper-echoic basal ganglia, while CT scans or MRI scans revealed symmetrical hypodensity or signal change over bilateral basal ganglia, respectively. All of these led to a bedridden life. These four cases are reported based on their clinical presentations and brain imaging findings, in spite of the absence of pathological confirmation. Some of the literature are also reviewed. To sum up, IBSN should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of symmetrical bilateral basal ganglia lesion after the exclusion of other disorders such as neurometabolic disorders, central nervous system infection, carbon monoxide intoxication, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, tumors and cerebrovascular disorders etc.
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi
PMID:[Infantile bilateral necrosis of the striatum of corpus: report of four cases]. 151 18

Intracranial arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is rare. Of the 320 arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) treated by Halbach over the past ten years, only five (1.6%) had a single arteriovenous connection. In the present study, a male infant developed focal seizure and intracranial hemorrhage without cardiac decompensation at the age of 42 days. When he was 3 years and 4 months old, status epileptics occurred, and AVF was discovered via CT scan and cerebral angiographic examination. The AVF was fed by a middle cerebral artery and drained into a huge cortical vein over the left parietooccipital area. Endovascular therapy and/or surgery were suggested, but the family refused. Though seizures occurred occasionally, the patient's consciousness level had become more clear, and he was discharged after three weeks' hospitalization. The patient was noted to be lethargic and only could roll over partially at the age of 3 year and 8 months, in the latest follow-up.
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi
PMID:Intracerebral arteriovenous fistula: report of one case. 151 13

Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers (MERRF) is one of the mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. This article presents a nine-year-old boy who had been noted to have psychomotor retardation since infancy, and had progressive myoclonic epilepsy since he was four. The myoclonic epileptic seizures were refractory to the conventional anticonvulsants. The brain MRI, echocardiography and brainstem auditory-evoked-potential showed negative findings, but electroencephalography showed episodic generalized spike wave complexes. Oral glucose lactate stimulation test revealed abnormal elevation of lactic acid, and muscle biopsy showed ragged-red fibers. Subsarcolemmal accumulations of mitochondria with abnormal cristae in the muscle cells were noted under electronmicroscopic study. The patient was administered coenzyme Q 90 mg per day orally, with dramatic improvement in myoclonic seizures. The patient is still being followed up as an outpatient.
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi
PMID:[Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers: report of one case]. 177 52

From January 1987 to March 1991, electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis and clinical correlates of the 14 and 6 Hz positive spikes were studied retrospectively in 2,026 Chinese patients, ranging in age from 1 to 18 years. All of them were the first-evaluation patients of Pediatric Neurology Clinics, National Taiwan University Hospital, each had had through EEG examinations (including waking and natural sleep records) and detailed medical records. The major findings of the present study are: (1) The overall incidence of the 14 and 6 Hz positive spikes in the series was 2.52% (51/2,026), and that in the age subgroup 1-5 years was significantly lower than those in the subgroups 6-10 years (p less than 0.0001) and 11-15 years (p less than 0.01). (2) 38 out of 51 cases (74.5%) with 14 and 6 Hz positive spikes presented normal EEG background activity. (3) 7 out of 51 cases (13.7%) had coincided negative spikes in frontal areas, and 12 out of 51 cases (23.5%) were associated with other focal or generalized paroxysmal discharges. (4) From the analysis of the clinical manifestations in the 51 cases with the 14 and 6 Hz positive spikes, the episodic attacks of headache, abdominal pain or other autonomic symptoms were most common (49%, 25/51 cases). Of the 25 cases, 19 cases (37.2%, 19/51 cases) were finally diagnosed as autonomic seizure or abdominal epilepsy and 3 cases were diagnosed as migraine. 3 of 10 cases with convulsive seizure or complex partial seizure were associated with autonomic symptom. (5) The etiology in 36 out of 51 cases (70.6%) remained unknown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi
PMID:Analysis and clinical correlates of the 14 and 6 Hz positive electroencephalographic spikes in Chinese children. 177 55

Cases of penicillin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis have been reported in other countries since 1977, but never before reported in Taiwan. In 1990, two cases of the disease were diagnosed here. Case one was a two-year-old boy who had had fever and vomiting for several days prior to admission. Under the impression of meningitis, a spinal tap was done. The CSF yielded pneumococcus, which was misinterpreted as sensitive to penicillin. Penicillin (400,000 units/kg/day) was given parenterally without effect. On the 12th day after admission, another spinal tap still yielded pneumococcus. This time the sensitivity test was reread with great care, and then reported to be penicillin-resistant pneumococcus. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of penicillin was performed simultaneously and it revealed 0.1 microgram/ml. Vancomycin (60 mg/kg/day) was substituted for penicillin. The patient became afebrile two days later, and was discharged ten days later without sequelae. Case two, a five-month-old girl, was diagnosed to have meningitis because of fever, vomiting, tense fontanel and seizure on admission. After a spinal tap was done, she was put on ampicillin and cefotaxime. The fever subsided two days later. At that time, the CSF was reported to grow pneumococcus, again misread as sensitive to penicillin. The antibiotics was switched to penicillin, but fever recurred. The second spinal tap still yielded pneumococcus which was sensitive to penicillin but resitstant to oxacillin. Based on experience with the first case, penicillin was changed to vancomycin, and performed MIC immediately. The MIC was 1.0 microgram/ml. The patient became afebrile two days later, and was discharged in good condition after ten days of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi
PMID:[Penicillin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis: report of two cases]. 177 62

Streptococcus bovis is a veterinary organism rarely previously reported in the neonatal infection. Two cases are presented of neonatal infection by this organism; one case manifested with meningitis and the other, with sepsis. Seizure and respiratory distress were the symptoms found in these two babies, respectively. Following adequate treatment, recovery was complete, and the infants enjoyed healthy lives post-discharge. S. bovis is always sensitive to penicillin, but resistant strain has been reported recently. It is reasonable to treat infant patients infected by this organism with a combined initial therapy of penicillin and aminoglycoside. After the minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration of antibiotic has been determined, penicillin or ampicillin can be used alone.
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi
PMID:[Streptococcus bovis meningitis and sepsis in neonates: report of two cases]. 182 16

A 3570 gram male newborn was born to a 29-year-old mother at the gestational age of 40 weeks with gross abnormalities of flexion contracture of third and fifth fingers and fourth toes bilaterally. After birth, cyanotic spell while feeding was found, and a series of examinations were done. The abnormalities were focused on brain echogram, computed tomogram and magnetic resonance imaging examination, which showed a large posterior fossa cyst, cerebellar hypoplasia complicated with multiple severe supratentorial anomalies, including marked ventricular dilatation, cerebral agyria, agenesis of corpus callosum, absence of thalamus and basal ganglion, and optic nerve atrophy. Clinically, the patient had neonatal seizure and high fever. The diagnosis of Dandy-Walker complex type A was made according to the new classification presented by Barkovick et al. in 1989.
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi
PMID:[Dandy-Walker complex with multiple anomalies: report of one case]. 206 87

Two male term babies were born at Mackay Memorial Hospital; both were born without incident. Newborn screenings (including phenylketonuria, homocystinuria, galactosemia, congenital hypothyroidism and G-6-PD deficiency) were performed at the age of three days and judged to be normal. In the later neonatal period, case 1 gradually developed prolonged jaundice, poor feeding and poor weight gain. The rechecked thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level was 276.3 mU/l. Case 2 was admitted with seizures; the TSH level, rechecked by chance, showing 11.6 mU/l. Under the suspicion of congenital hypothyroidism, serum confirmation tests were performed and showed TSH 393.6 mU/l, 37.09 mU/l and T4 2.87 micrograms/dl, 4.59 micrograms/dl, respectively. The diagnosis was, thus, congenital hypothyroidism with delayed rise in TSH level. The conclusion is that, regardless of the result of newborn screening, a serum confirmation test (T4 & TSH level) should be done in any infant who is suspected to have congenital hypothyroidism.
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi
PMID:[Congenital hypothyroidism missed on newborn screening: report of two cases]. 226 Apr 71


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