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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A report of eight cases with grand mal seizures secondary to accidental ingestion/exposure to benzahexachlorine has been presented. Persistant neurological signs and biochemical tests have been described. Seizures affected even the domestic animals like cows and buffaloes. Discussion of various clinical syndromes, treatment of organochlorine pesticide and their persistence in human body for years after removal from source of exposure is emphasized. Preventive measures are recommended. the authors are not aware of any similar reports from this part of the country.
Trop Geogr Med 1977 Sep
PMID:Epilepsy epidemic due to benzahexachlorine. 7 14

A 40 year old man developed seizures, intermittent fever, and progressive dementia ending in coma and death after four years. The cerebrospinal fluid showed variable pleocytosis and occasional elevation of protein. The necropsy revealed many lesions characteristic of Whipple's disease confined to the grey matter of the brain. The pathological changes were studied with the light and electron microscope. The findings permitted an understanding of the temporal sequence of changes in the lesions. Involvement of the brain in this condition is rare, but the disease is treatable and the diagnosis can be made by brain biopsy.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1977 Sep
PMID:Whipple's disease confined to the brain: a case studied clinically and pathologically. 7 5

A long term audio/video clinical seizure monitoring system is described which is complementary to a previously described EEG seizure monitoring system. The video unit is mobile and based on time-lapsed video recording techniques to extend the unattended continuous video recording of the patient to many days if necessary. The simultaneous coverage of the EEG and behavior of the patient particularly during his seizure has been very useful in the workup of intractable epileptic patients being considered for neurosurgical treatment.
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1978 Sep
PMID:A long term time-lapse video system to document the patients spontaneous clinical seizure synchronized with the EEG. 7 80

Effects of intraventricular injection of sheep anti-somatostatin gamma-globulin (anti-SSG) on strychnine-induced seizures, strychnine LD50, and pentobarbital LD50 were examined in male rats under light ether anesthesia. Ten microliters of anti-SSG given 2 h earlier significantly decreased the duration of strychnine-induced seizures as compared with that in the control rats pretreated with normal sheep gamma-globulin (NSG). This effect of anti-SSG seemed to be specific, as there was no difference in seizure duration between sheep anti-LHRH gamma-globulin (anti-LHRHG)- and NSG-pretreated rats. Survival rates in anti-SSG-pretreated rats after injection of strychnine and pentobarbital were significantly larger (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05, respectively) than those in the control rats receiving NSG. The administration of anti-SSG resulted in 26.7% and 22.9% increases in the LD50 of strychnine and pentobarbital, respectively. These results indicate that endogenous somatostatin in the cerebrospinal fluids and/or the periventricular tissue nodulates the response of the central nervous system to strychnine and pentobarbital in rats.
Endocrinology 1978 Sep
PMID:Effect of intraventricular administration of anti-somatostatin gamma-globulin on the lethal dose-50 of strychnine and pentobarbital in rats. 8 54

Extracellular potassium activity (ak) and field potentials (fp) were measured in the nucleus ventro-postero-lateralis (VPL) thalami in order to assess the extent of thalamic participation in cortical seizure activity. Small increases (up to 0.7 mmole/l) or decreases (up to 0.2 mmole/l) in ak were induced by electrical stimulation of the contralateral forepaw. These changes in ak were spatially more limited than the simultaneously recorded fp. Similar observations were made during weak electrical stimulation of the somatosensory cortex and during interictal spikes in a cortical penicillin focus. Large and widespread increases in ak to levels of 11.6 mmoles/l and slow negative fps of 8 mV accompanied seizure generation either in a cortical penicillin focus or during intense repetitive electrical stimulation of the cortical surface. Subsequent to such increases ak fell to subnormal levels. The amplitudes and durations of such undershoots were correlated with the amplitudes of the preceding increases in ak. Sometimes thalamic seizures ceases before cortical epileptic episodes. This resulted in a decrease of cortical EEG amplitudes. After ablation of the sensorimotor cortex seizures in forepaw-VPL could be induced by stimulation of the somatosensory cortex. These results further support the conclusion that specific thalamic nuclei participate in seizure generation and may serve as a subcortical route of seizure spread.
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1979 Sep
PMID:Stimulus induced and seizure related changes in extracellular potassium concentration in cat thalamus (VPL). 9 Jun 3

Neuronal and potassium activities (ak) were measured in the nucleus ventro-posterolateralis thalami (VPL) during propagated epileptiform activity from the somatosensory cortex of cats. Seizures were induced by repetitive electrical stimulation of the cortical surface or by topical application of penicillin. The recruitment of VPL into a seizure resulted in large increases of ak to levels of up to 11.6 mmoles/l, accompanied by increased in neuronal discharge rate to 300/sec. Sometimes the rise in ak preceded active participation of a given thalamo-cortical relay (TCR) neuron in the seizure. After reaching a peak level, ak and neuronal discharge rate slowly declined during an ictal episode. After cessation of seizures all TCR neurons were inhibited, while ak fell to subnormal levels. The duration of these postictal depressions increased with the amplitude of preceding increases and subsequent undershoots in ak and could last up to 120 sec. During decay and undershoot in ak, relay capability of TCR neurons was reduced. Also the probability that action potentials elicited in intracortical endings of TCR cells would antidromically invade their cell bodies was decreased. The duration of these periods varied with the amplitude of undershoot in ak. Seizure threshold was increased during undershoots. These observations are consistent with a long-lasting postictal hyperpolarization of neuronal membranes. The hyperpolarization may be caused by the action of an electrogenic pump, which is probably involved in termination of seizure discharge.
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1979 Sep
PMID:Relation between extracellular potassium concentration and neuronal activities in cat thalamus (VPL) during projection of cortical epileptiform discharge. 9 Jun 4

A method of surgical management for intractable epilepsy is described. The essential features are: 1) all surgical manipulation is carried out under general, rather than local, anesthesia; 2) the sensorimotor region is readily identified in the anesthetized patient by recording cortical sensory evoked responses; and 3) the epileptogenic focus is localized by extraoperative electrocorticography via indwelling epidural electrode arrays, localization deriving from recordings made during spontaneously occuring clinical seizures. Cases are presented to demonstrate that: 1) in some instances, recording of sensory evoked responses is the only means of sensorimotor localization in both the awake and anesthetized patient, and 2) spontaneous and electrically induced electroencephalographic seizure activity may provide false localization of the focus, the correct localization requiring recordings made during spontaneous clinical seizures. The outcome of surgery and the various epileptogenic lesions encountered are described. A good result has been achieved in 61% of patients followed 1 to 10 years. When the results obtained in children are analyzed alone, 70% have benefited from surgery.
J Neurosurg 1978 Sep
PMID:A method for surgical management of focal epilepsy, especially as it relates to children. 9 16

Twenty-five patients with absence seizures were treated with valproic acid in doses from 17 to 62.5 mg per kilogram per day. Nineteen patients experienced reduction of spike and wave discharges; in 11 it was greater than 75 percent. Twenty-one patients had a reduction of the total time of spike and wave discharge. Four patients had increase of spike and wave discharges. Nineteen patients had fewer absence seizures. There was no correlation between plasma concentration of valproic acid and EEG change, but clinical improvement occurred when plasma levels of valproic acid reached 50 to 60 microgram per milliliter.
Neurology 1978 Sep
PMID:Effect of valproic acid on spike and wave discharges in patients with absence seizures. 9 87

In three patients hemiparesis was a manifestation of focal seizures. In all, there were electroencephalographic abnormalities and radionucleotide uptake in the contralateral hemisphere. Treatment of the seizures resulted in clearing of both paralysis and abnormal brain scan. These patients fit the diagnostic category described by Higier as a "paralytic equivalent of epilepsy without disturbance of consciousness in the form of status hemiparalyticus," and described by others as inhibitory seizures or partial seizures with subsequent hemigeneralization. The etiology of the paralysis and its relation to Todd paralysis are not clear, but it may result from excessive inhibitory discharge.
Neurology 1978 Sep
PMID:Hemiparetic seizures. 9 89

A double-blind crossover study with imipramine was conducted in 10 patients with absence and myoclonic-astatic seizures who had not responded to conventional medications. Imipramine produced a significant initial decrease in seizure frequency in 5 of the 10 patients, and in 2 patients the beneficial effect was maintained for more than 1 year. An open trial of imipramine in another 16 patients showed an initial reduction in seizure frequency in 10 patients (63 percent), and this decrease persisted for more than 1 year in 4 patients (25 percent). The effect of imipramine on the EEG did not always correlate with the clinical response. Serum content of imipramine in the patients who showed a long-term response was 40 to 120 ng per milliliter, on a total daily dose of 0.7 to 3.5 mg per kilogram. These results suggest that imipramine is a valuable addition to the treatment of seizures.
Neurology 1978 Sep
PMID:Imipramine in absence and myoclonic-astatic seizures. 9 90


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