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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study was made of the interrelationship between the minimal effective doses of pseudoclonic and clonico-tonic convulsions, and also tonic extension caused by the intravenous injection of corazol to mice and the effect of anticonvulsive action of sulazepam and its metabolites (diazepam, desmethyldiazepam and oxadiazepam) on this process. It was shown that all the compounds under study increased the values of the minimal effective doses by the recorded indices of the convulsive seizure, whereas the maximum of the anticonvulsive activity was reached 15 minutes after the sulazepam and oxazepam, and 5 to 30 min after diazepam administration. There proved to be a distinct correlation between the minimal effective doses values of the recorded indices of the confulsive seizure in the control animals which also persisted after the administration of the agents under study. It is supposed that sulazepam and its metabolites increased the minimal effective doses of corazol for the recorded effects, but failed to alter the general picture of the convulsive attack and did not influence the dispersion corazol dose-effect dependence.
Biull Eksp Biol Med 1976 Sep
PMID:[Analysis of the structure of the components of the convulsive action of corazole following administration of sulazepam and its metabolites to mice]. 1 Oct 12

A combined informant questionnaire and interview survey of self-injurious behavior (SIB) at a large state facility for the retarded was conducted independently three times over a 3-year period. Prevalence consistently was about 10% of the population. SIB cases tended to be younger and institutionalized longer than the rest of the population. Severe cases had a longer history of chronic SIB. SIB cases had more seizure disorders, severe language handicaps, visual impairments, and severe or profound retardation than the rest of the population. They appeared to fulfill most of the Rutter (1966) criteria for autism. But unlike the severely autistic, there was little relation of sex to incidence of SIB. Over 90% of SIB cases changed status over 3 years, suggesting that SIB was amenable to behavior modification in most cases (94%). Psychotropic behavior control medications helped in some intervention programs (32%). SIB remitted spontaneously in 21% of SIB cases where there had been no behavioral or drug intervention.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1978 Sep
PMID:Prevalence of self-injurious behaviors in a large state facility for the retarded: a three-year follow-up study. 2 30

Significant correlation in 11 different 1,4-benzodiazepinones has been established between log k2 (the second order rate constant for the reduction of the "azepinones" by sodium borohydride) and their ED50 against leptazol-induced seizures in mice. The results suggest a possible involvement of the carobnyl group at the receptor site.
J Pharm Pharmacol 1978 Sep
PMID:Structure activity relation for some 1,4-benzodiazepinones: correlation between rate constants for reduction by sodium borohydride and antileptazol ED50. 2 91

NADP+, NADPH and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were determined in the cerebral cortex of mice exposed to high O2 pressure for 0, 8 and 16 min. These time intervals corresponded to 0, 50 and 100% of the CT50 (the time taken for 50% of the mice to convulse). Cerebral NADP+, NADPH and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase also were determined in O2-exposed mice exhibiting hyperactivity, convulsions, and in mice killed 10s after convulsions. Similar increases in cortical NADP+ and decreases in NADPH were found in mice exposed to 610kPa (6 atm.) of 100% O2 for 0, 50 and 100% of the CT50, during hyperactivity, onset of seizure and 10s after convulsions. The NADP+/NADPH ratio increased approx. 25% at 0% of the CT50, and remained at this increased value at all O2-exposure periods including the hyperactive state, onset of seizure and 10s after convulsions. Identical changes in cerebral NADP+ , NADPH and the NADP+/NADPH ratio were found in mice exposed for 16min to 100% O2 at 100, 350 or 610kPa. No change in cerebral glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was found in mice exposed to 610kPa of 100% O2 during the various stages of O2 toxicity. Only in the 10s post-convulsive group was a statistically significant decrease in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase observed. Disulfiram [bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl) disulphide], an effective O2-protective agent, did not prevent the O2-induced increase in cerebral NADP+ and the NADP+/NADPH ratio, or decrease in NADPH.
Biochem J 1978 Sep 15
PMID:Cerebral oxidized and reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in mice during exposure to high oxygen pressure. 3 67

The inborn seizure response of Papio papio to intermittent light stimulation has been reviewed as a model of human epilepsy. The electrographic and clinical features have been described and useful methodology has been outlined. A diurnal cyclicity in seizure responsiveness has been described with greatest seizure severity at 8 AM in parallel with a rise in urinary output of cortisol. Hormonal influences on the seizure response have been described for ethinyl estradiol, thyroxin, and triiodothyronine. Evidence regarding neurotransmitter involvement has been reviewed. Data regarding use of the animal for anticonvulsant testing in single and chronic doses has been discussed. Particular advantages of the model for study of age-related drug effects and the assessment of the effects of chronically administered anticonvulsant agents on learning and memory have been described.
Fed Proc 1979 Sep
PMID:Photomyoclonic seizures in the baboon, Papio papio. 3 8

Lorazepam, a dichloro-3-hydroxy-1,4-benzodiazepine, has been shown to be a potent anticonvulsant in animal models of epilsepsy and has minimal depressant effects on respiration and circulation in humans. The effects of this compound were studied in status epilepticus. Twenty-five patients were given intravenous lorazepam during status epilepticus of varying cause. Four or 8 mg of the drug controlled status in 22 of the 25 patients. Although single seizures recurred in 5 of the 22 patients, none experienced recurrence of status during a prolonged follow-up period. Transient respiratory arrest occurred in 1 patient, but no other significant complications were observed. Studies of plasma drug levels suggest that most patients attain good seizure control at concentrations between 30 and 100 ng per milliliter. Clinical observations indicate that repetitive injections are not required for continuing control of seizures in patients whose seizures are initially controlled. Lorazepam appears to be an effective and safe drug for treatment of status epilepticus, with a duration of control longer than that achieved with diazepam.
Ann Neurol 1979 Sep
PMID:Lorazepam in status epilepticus. 4 12

Potentials evoked in the hippocampus and preoptic region of rats by single biphasic pulses applied to the amygdala were compared during recruiting, after post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) and after amygdaloid kindling. The same components were enhanced temporarily by recruiting and PTP as were enhanced permanently by kindling. Trains of tetanic stimulation with parameters which partially mimicked the cellular discharge parameters during an amygdaloid afterdischarge (AD) were applied to the amygdala at a frequency of 1 per 5 sec continuously for 2.5 h or for 15 min a day for 10 days to produce a total of 1800 trains. Amygdaloid kindling rates were then measured and compared with control groups. Animals pretreated with tetanic stimulation required significantly fewer ADs to develop maximal seizures. Further experiments showed that tetanic stimulation, but not recruiting stimulation (10 c/sec), low frequency stimulation (1 c/sec), or handling, would produce a permanent change in potentials evoked in secondary sites by single pulses applied to the amygdala. This change in evoked potential amplitude was significant but smaller than that produced by kindling. Also tetanic stimulation, but not recruiting or single pulses, facilitated subsequent kindling.
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1975 Sep
PMID:Post-activation potentiation and the kindling phenomenon. 5 Feb 24

The diagnosis of brain tumour could not be made in 91 cases at the first investigation in a group of 1155 brain tumours. Slowly growing gliomas causing only epileptic fits and no other symptoms are especially difficult to diagnose. Of 21 personal observations of tumour seizures, in which the diagnosis of the neoplasm was missed at the first investigation in hospital, 9 were oligodendrogliomas, 5 astrocytomas, 3 glioblastomas, 2 spongioblastomas, 1 gangliocytoma and 1 a metastasis. They were all located in the frontal or centroparietal region. In most cases the seizures appeared during the third or fourth decade. The average interval between the first epileptic fit and the tumour diagnosis was 8.2 years in cases of oligodendrogliomas and 2.2 years in astrocytomas. 5 patients had major seizures, 2 had psychomotor attacks and all the others suffered from partial epilepsy. Anticonvulsive therapy was often successfull; either the frequency of the fits diminished or, in 2 cases, the character of the seizures changed. 18 patients had a normal neurostatus at time of the first investigation. Only 3 patients had a slight difference of physiological reflexes, but no other pathological signs. In none of the patients did investigation of the CSF, skull X-rays, brain scanning, pneumencephalography or cerebral angiography first lead to the diagnosis of a brain tumour. The EEG alone showed focal signs corresponding to the location of the tumour in about 50% of the cases.
J Neurol 1975 Sep 22
PMID:[The problem of early diagnosis of brain tumours causing seizures only (author's transl)]. 5 Oct 77

Convulsive activity was induced in functionally decapitate cat preparations by topical and by systemic administration of toxic amounts of penicillin. The paroxysmal movement patterns and the electrographic signs of spinal seizure activity recorded from spinal ventral and dorsal roots and from the dorsal surface of the spinal cord are described. Paroxysms of interictal myoclonic twitching as well as tonic and clonic ictal seizures reminiscent of epileptiform convulsions of intact animals were seen in the absence of descending influences from the brain. Tonic seizures consisted of flexion--extension sequences; co-contraction of antagonistic muscles was the rule. Clonic activity consisted of rhythmic discharges at 4--6/sec, In dorsal roots, electrotonically conducted paroxysmal negative potential shifts as well as antidromically conducted trains of impulses were recorded. Ictal paroxysmal waves of the cord dorsum potential consisted of either biphasic positive--negative sequences or of purely negative waves. Diphenylhydantoin effectively controlled spinal seizures in the absence of a functioning cerebellum. Diphenylthiohydantoin changed the pattern of seizures, suppressing all ictal activity and greatly enhancing the amplitude and frequency of interictal bursts. Three different barbiturates suppressed seizure activity, but diazepam was ineffective, indicating that the site of its clinical anticonvulsant action may be supraspinal. Seizure activity, once induced, continued for up to 18 h. Intravenous administration of penicillinase abolished seizures indicating that their usual persistence is caused by the presence of the drug in the tissue, not by an irreversible biochemical lesion.
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1976 Sep
PMID:Motor and electrical signs of epileptiform activity induced by penicillin in the spinal cords of decapitate cats. 6 Feb 12

Paroxysmal activity in ventral roots induced by penicillin in decapitate cat spinal cords is associated with waves of depolarization of primary afferent fiber terminals. These paroxysmal depolarizations can be detected as spontaneously occurring negative dorsal root potentials (DRPs) and are associated with antidromic discharge of nerve impulses in dorsal root fibers; they can also be detected by testing the excitability of afferent nerve terminals by focal stimulation. Negative DRPs evoked by afferent nerve volleys are altered in waveform but not in amplitude during seizures induced by penicillin, although they are blocked by the administration of picrotoxin. While blocking afferent-evoked DRPs, picrotoxin does not interfere with paroxysmal DRP'S, INDICATING DIFFERENCES IN THE GENERATION OF THE Two phenomena, which nevertheless have some link in common, for the paroxysmal waves occlude the evoked DRP. Such occlusion would appear as blockade, if DRPs were recorded by condenser-coupled amplifiers. In the presence of pentobarbital penicillin suppresses evoked DRPs, but under such circumstances seizure activity is not observed. Extracellular potassium activity within spinal gray matter transiently increases during seizure activity. Such increments of potassium activity are maximal in the ventral horns. This and several other observations suggest that in decapitate spinal cords systemically administered penicillin induces seizures which originate in the ventral gray matter. Accumulation of excess potassium may be the cause of paroxysmal depolarization of afferent nerve terminals. Excess potassium while not playing a principal role in initiating seizures, may influence the course of seizures by depolarizing afferent terminals. Such depolarization probably enhances tonic background release of transmitter substance, may modify the effect of synaptic input, and may favor synchronization of waves of neural excitability through extrasynaptic mechanisms.
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1976 Sep
PMID:Functions of primary afferents and responses of extracellular K+ during spinal epileptiform seizures. 6 Feb 13


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