Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cigarette dependence is recognised as a life-threatening disorder which can be treated by behavioural support and/or medication. Bupropion hydrochloride sustained-release (Zyban trade mark, GlaxoSmithKline) is licensed in many countries including the US, Canada, UK, Australia and continental Europe to aid smoking cessation. The usual recommended dose is 150 mg b.i.d. taken for 7 - 14 days prior to the quit date, and then 6 - 8 weeks afterwards (figures vary across countries). Evidence from seven double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trials shows that it improves success at staying off cigarettes for at least 12 months by 9 - 10 percentage points. Taking into account estimates of subsequent cessation and relapse patterns in treated and untreated smokers, and the improvement in life-expectancy of smokers who manage to stop, the estimated cost/life/year saved from an episode of use of the medication is approximately UK pound 1000 or US$1500. Bupropion has CNS stimulant properties; the common side effects are dry mouth and sleep disturbance. Rare but serious side effects are anaphylactic/hypersensitivity reaction and seizure (both estimated at 1 in a 1000). The drug is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to the drug or its metabolites, any seizure disorder, eating disorder, severe hepatic cirrhosis, history of bipolar disorder or in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Extreme caution is advised where there are any predisposing factors that may reduce the seizure threshold. Bupropion sustained-release and nicotine replacement therapies are both considered as first-line treatments to aid smoking cessation. Ideally patients should also enrol in a structured behavioural support programme to boost their chances of success.
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PMID:Bupropion SR for smoking cessation. 1266 16

Bupropion hydrochloride is a monocyclic antidepressant which is used in a slow-release formulation as a smoking cessation aid. Its side effects include insomnia and dry mouth with seizures occurring in 1 in 1000 patients. In overdose, it can cause tachycardia, conduction defects and convulsions. It is, however, effective in smoking cessation in approximately 20% of patients and may be more effective if combined with nicotine replacement therapy. The key question is whether the risks associated with the drug are justified by the obvious benefits to health from smoking cessation.
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PMID:Zyban-- is there a cause for concern? 1290 29

Bupropion hydrochloride is currently available in three formulations: immediate-release, sustained-release, and extended-release (ER). Several published reports exist concerning bupropion's history of inducing seizures in both the immediate- and sustained-release formulations. Although the potential of the ER formulation for causing seizures is noted in the drug's prescribing information, there is no previously published report of bupropion ER inducing seizures. In the case reported, a 27-year-old woman who was prescribed bupropion ER as well as clonazepam and lamotrigine (anticonvulsants), hydrocodone bitartrate (for irritable bowel syndrome), and zolipidem tartrate (for depression and associated anxiety and insomnia) experienced a grand mal seizure 6 months after beginning bupropion ER therapy. The patient was taken to the emergency department, where she had a second grand mal seizure 8 hours after the first one. Extended-release bupropion was discontinued, and the patient had not had additional seizures at 8 months follow-up.
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PMID:Extended-release bupropion induced grand mal seizures. 1844 24

Bupropion hydrochloride (HCl) is an antidepressant that has many different biological targets, acting as both a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor as well as a nicotinic antagonist. This second-generation antidepressant is available in 3 bioequivalent formulations: immediate release, sustained release, and extended release, allowing providers to customize a patient's regimen for maximum tolerability and compliance. Although bupropion HCl's safety and tolerability have been demonstrated through several clinical trials, there are still a number of adverse effects that have been reported in the literature. These include headache, agitation, tremor, and insomnia. There is also an increased risk of developing seizures during bupropion treatment. Although urinary symptoms were noted during the clinical trials, these are relatively rare adverse effects. Here we report the case of a 61-year-old man who developed diurnal enuresis during treatment with bupropion HCl sustained release. We will review the adverse effect burden associated with the use of bupropion and discuss the neuropharmacology of urinary symptoms associated with antidepressant treatment.
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PMID:Bupropion Hydrochloride Sustained Release and Diurnal Enuresis: A Previously Unreported Adverse Effect. 3164 30