Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis in a patient who used cocaine on a daily basis is presented. In contrast to many prior reports of renal failure occurring with cocaine-associated rhabdomyolysis, our patient did not use intravenous cocaine and did not have any evidence of trauma, seizure, hypotension, hyperthermia, hyperactivity, or coma. His creatine phosphokinase peaked at 448,000 U/liter. He was treated initially with forced diuresis and i.v. furosemide, but he became oliguric, developed pulmonary edema, and required hemodialysis. He recovered fully after 3 weeks of dialysis. The literature is reviewed in an attempt to delineate a rational approach to evaluating cocaine users at risk for rhabdomyolysis.
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PMID:Severe rhabdomyolysis with renal failure after intranasal cocaine use. 940 1

The creatine kinase (CK) reaction is thought to be important in coupling ATP metabolism and regulating ADP concentration in tissues with high and variable ATP turnover, including cerebral gray matter (GM). There is low phosphocreatine (PCr), low CK reaction rates, and high mitochondrial CK (MiCK) isoenzyme activity in GM compared to white matter (WM). To compare the CK reaction in GM and WM when ATP metabolism is high, CK reactants and reaction rates were measured in predominantly GM and WM slices in vivo in 2 and 14-day old piglets during pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizures using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 1-dimensional chemical shift imaging (CSI). Arterial pressure, temperature, and blood gasses were stable at both ages. Before seizures, the PCr/nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) ratio was higher in WM than GM at both ages with a developmental increase seen in WM. The CK reaction rate constant increased in both regions between 2 and 14 days. During seizures, PCr/NTP increased in GM at 14 days due to increased PCr while the ratio and PCr decreased in WM. The NTP was more stable in WM and GM at both ages. The CK reaction rate decreased in both regions more at 2 than at 14 days. Thus, brain ATP, deduced from NTP, is stable during seizures in the piglet. In GM stable ATP is associated with a unique increase in PCR concentration.
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PMID:In vivo phosphocreatine and ATP in piglet cerebral gray and white matter during seizures. 947 37

Epileptic seizures may alter autonomic functions. This is especially the case with complex focal seizures (of temporal lobe origin) and grand mal. Most frequently, such seizures cause ictal tachycardia, sometimes tachypnea, probably caused by the propagation of epileptic discharges to autonomic cerebral structures. Ictal bradycardia and asystole are rare phenomena. However, they may be life threatening. Their differentiation from primary cardiac arrest is possible by the use of ictal EEG and ECG registration. Postictal serum prolactin measurement does not differentiate syncope from seizure. However, a postictal increase of creatine kinase is only measured after epileptic seizures and not after syncope. Treatment of such epileptic seizures includes an optimization of anticonvulsant drug therapy and the implantation of a cardiac demand stimulator. There is growing evidence that ictal asystole is a cofactor in sudden unexplained death in epileptic patients.
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PMID:[Asystolic seizures]. 955 60

A 13-year-old mentally retarded boy suffered from repeated vomiting attacks since infancy. Each episode lasted 2 to 10 days, and was precipitated by respiratory infection, exercise or stress. During an attack he became irritated, agitated and amnesic, but did not have headaches or seizures. Associated findings were transient elevation of serum creatine kinase (CK) (331-3381 IU/l), and of plasma ACTH and cortisol. The raised CK level was the result of muscle hypertonicity. Ictal EEGs showed delta activity in the front-temporal areas, and inter-ictal IMP-SPECT revealed hypoperfusion in both temporal regions. Unlike the periodic ACTH-ADH discharge syndrome, neither hypertension nor depression developed. These attacks were diagnosed as a migraine equivalent and were suppressed with phenytoin. From the EEG and SPECT findings, we concluded that the vomiting and behavioural changes were related to the paroxysmal vascular abnormality in the temporal regions, but it was not easy to make the distinction between migraine and focal epilepsy. Before a diagnosis of the periodic ACTH-ADH discharge syndrome is made, the possibility of migraine equivalent should be considered.
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PMID:Cyclic vomiting and elevation of creatine kinase associated with bitemporal hypoperfusion and EEG abnormalities: a migraine equivalent? 962 97

A 14-year-old girl had an acute episode of rhabdomyolysis after vigorous exercise and seizures. Laboratory studies revealed elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity and myoglobinuria without acute renal failure, as well as mild indirect hyperbilirubinemia, and hyperuricemia. The elevated CPK activity, mild indirect hyperbilirubinemia, and hyperuricemia persisted during a 10-month follow-up period, during which chronic hemolysis without overt anemia was also noted. A muscle biopsy specimen from the left biceps muscle revealed occasional muscle fiber necrosis and mild excess of glycogen accumulation on periodic acid-Schiff staining. Histochemical reactions were negative with phosphofructokinase (PFK) stain when fructose-6-phosphate was used as the substrate, but positive when fructose 1,6-bisphosphate was used as the substrate. These findings confirmed the diagnosis of muscle PFK deficiency (Tarui's disease), which is a defect of glycolysis in muscles and erythrocytes. Less than 40 such patients have been reported to date. When a specific metabolic myopathy is suspected in children with rhabdomyolysis, symptoms of hemolysis should also be sought to identify Tarui's disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of Tarui's disease identified in Taiwan.
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PMID:Muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency (Tarui's disease): report of a case. 1036 41

We report a patient with congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD), developmental brain defects, and peripheral neuropathy. Marked hypotonia and plagiocephaly were noted at birth. Failure to thrive, generalized muscle weakness and wasting, absent deep tendon reflexes, partial seizures, and secondary microcephaly developed. Brain MRI showed a large area of cortical dysplasia, a thin but complete corpus callosum, and diffuse ventriculomegaly. Nerve conduction velocities were slow and creatine kinase levels only mildly elevated. Muscle biopsy showed dystrophic features with normal merosin, sarcoglycan, and dystrophin immunostaining. The Japanese Fukuyama CMD founder mutation was not detected. This is the first report of a patient with merosin-positive CMD, cobblestone lissencephaly, and demyelinating peripheral neuropathy.
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PMID:Congenital muscular dystrophy with central and peripheral nervous system involvement in a Belgian patient. 1039 53

A 34-year-old male, son of consanguineous parents, had a progressive neurological illness characterized by seizures, tics, choreic movements and mood changes. Acanthocytosis was present in blood. The level of creatine kinase was elevated. Normobetalipoproteinemia was noted. No KX group changes of McLeod syndrome were found. Serial neuroimaging studies demonstrated progressive caudate atrophy. Muscular biopsy confirmed the existence of non-specific myopathy. Genetic study demonstrated homozigosity for the 9q21 region.
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PMID:[Autosomal recessive chorea-acanthocytosis linked to 9q21]. 1084 75

A 57 year-old man chronically treated with 50 mg daily of sertraline was admitted to the emergency room with mental status changes, rigidity, seizure activity and autonomic instability. He was rapidly transferred to the Intensive Care Unit. Laboratory determinations revealed increases in serum enzymes, prevailing creatine phosphokinase with a peak level by the third day of 35,000 Ui/L. Initial low serum sodium (10 mEq/L) was attributed to inadequate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Supportive care included discontinuation of sertraline and lorazepam administration. Mental status, and rigidity returned to baseline within 60 hours. Differential diagnosis between the neuroleptic malignant syndrome and the serotonin syndrome could not be determined accurately because of the striking overlap of signs and symptoms of both syndromes.
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PMID:[Sertraline. Adverse effects due to the superposition of serotonic and malignant neuroleptic syndromes]. 1096 17

Systemic creatine (Cr) supplementation increases brain phosphocreatine (PCr) and prevents hypoxic seizures in 15-day-old rabbits. Between 5 and 30 days of age during normal development, rabbit gray matter mitochondrial creatine kinase (Mi-CK) increases 400% while cytosolic CK (BB-CK) increases 60%. In white matter, both isoenzymes show smaller, similar increases (40%) during this period. The Cr transporter protein decreases 60% between 5 and 15 days in both regions. In vivo CK rate constants measured by (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance increase 30% between 10 and 20 days, and then fall 50% between 20 and 30 days in predominantly gray matter slices. Similar maturational changes are seen in predominantly white matter slices. Injecting Cr at 15 days does not significantly change BB-CK or Mi-CK isoenzymes or the in vivo CK reaction rate constants. Thus, the largest change in the CK system associated with suppression of hypoxic seizures in Cr-treated rabbits is increased PCr in gray and white matter.
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PMID:Brain creatine kinase and creatine transporter proteins in normal and creatine-treated rabbit pups. 1111 Nov 60

The aim of our study was to investigate amino acid and energy metabolism of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-kindled animals. Glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), alanine-aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) were determined in the frontal cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus and pons-medulla regions of Hannover-Wistar rats. The rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups: (a) control; (b) rats which received a single PTZ injection in a subconvulsive dose of 40 mg/kg i.p.; (c) rats which received a single PTZ injection in a convulsive dose of 50 mg/kg i.p.; and (d) PTZ-kindled rats. Kindling increased ALP activity throughout the brain, elevated AST as well as LDH activity in the frontal cortex and hippocampus and decreased CK activity in the frontal cortex and cerebellum. Acute seizures of the same intensity did not induce these alterations. The observed effects therefore are obviously linked to the kindling phenomenon and not to seizure activity. Changes appeared mainly in the frontal cortex and hippocampus, i.e. brain areas believed to be directly involved in kindling.
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PMID:Altered activities of rat brain metabolic enzymes caused by pentylenetetrazol kindling and pentylenetetrazol--induced seizures. 1116 5


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