Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An attempt was made to evaluate the frequency of the different diseases in a given population and health area so as to establish health policy programs. A method of comparison of results was used for two pediatric clinics in two health centers, and the frequency of the different chronic diseases in the overall children population attending both centers (asthma, urinary tract infections, gastroesophageal reflux, febrile seizures, psychomotor retardation and heart diseases) was evaluated. The results of the study were similar for both clinics and also to those by other authors of comparable assessments, except for gastroesophageal reflux. Asthma and urinary tract infection had frequencies ranging from 4.3 to 5% and from 4.15 to 5%, respectively. It should also be remarked that 29% of children with esophageal reflux in our sample had episodes of urinary tract infection.
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PMID:[Chronic pathology in 2 pediatric clinics]. 249 69

Dubowitz syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder of growth retardation, characteristic face, mild mental retardation, and eczema originally described by Dubowitz [1965]. Little information is available on natural history and adulthood in this disorder. We report on a 30-year-old woman who was one of the first patients to be diagnosed with the condition [Grosse et al., 1971, Z Kinderheilkd 110:175-187]. Microcephaly, short stature, leg length discrepancy, hyperextensible joints, spina bifida occulta, and absence of anterior cruciate ligaments were present. Her facial appearance had been modified by several plastic surgery procedures. Eczema resolved with age, with occasional flareups. Asthma, headaches, and seizures were additional medical findings. Speech delays, an unusually soft, high-pitched voice, submucous cleft palate, and velopharyngeal insufficiency were noted in childhood. Mild mental retardation was present. At age 30 years she is living independently in her own apartment and working full-time in a nearby sheltered workshop.
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PMID:Dubowitz syndrome: long-term follow-up of an original patient. 753 94

A statewide survey of 2,875 Texas public school nurses was conducted to determine the characteristics, needs, and involvement of nurses in the health and education management of students with special health care needs (SSHCN). The 1,574 survey respondents (response rate = 55%) were primarily registered nurses (84%) with a mean of 8.6 years (SD = 7.1) of experience in the school setting. Respondents served 1.5 school campuses on average; the mean nurse-to-student ratio per campus was 1:728 (SD = 518). Respondents identified 106,650 SSHCN (6% of total enrollment). Asthma (47%), attention deficit disorder (26%), and seizure disorders (8%) were the most prevalent conditions encountered among SSHCN. Medication administration (54%), diapering (12%), and inhalation respiratory treatments (11%) were the most common of 48,569 health procedures delivered daily to SSHCN by nurses, clerical staff, assistants, and teachers. Parents were identified as the primary source of both child-specific health (70%) and training (68%) information in the school setting. Although nurses, of all school personnel, are likely best able to speak to the impact of a child's health impairment and needed school services, only 32% of respondents reported routine participation in special education eligibility evaluations and only 18% reported routine attendance at special education meetings for SSHCN. Moreover, 84% and 92%, respectively, reported discomfort at participating in special education eligibility evaluations and attending special education meetings.
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PMID:Health services delivery to students with special health care needs in Texas public schools. 760 47

The purposes of this study were to: (1) describe both the urban and rural clients who received services from the Indiana Children with Special Health Care Needs program (CSHCN) including both demographic and clinical characteristics; (2) conduct a health care needs assessment of the CSHCN program clients in both urban and rural areas; and (3) measure the perceived quality and adequacy of the CSHCN program services. A survey instrument was developed and mailed to all 6,459 families who participated in the Indiana CSHCN program from July 1, 1990 to June 30, 1991. Of the 2,722 questionnaires used in the analysis, 1,624 clients (59.7%) resided in urban counties and 1,098 (40.3%) resided in rural counties. The most frequently noted conditions for program eligibility were asthma, ear infections, hearing impairments, heart defects, and convulsions and seizures. Asthma had greater prevalence among the urban clients while cleft lip/palate, epilepsy, and heart defects were more common among the rural clients. The majority of program clients perceived their medical needs as being met. However, significant numbers of clients perceived unmet needs for mental health services, support groups, information about community services, resources to pay for uncovered medical expenses, and respite care. Of the 23 listed services, five were reported at significantly lower rates by rural clients as not being met: regular medical care, recreation, child care/day care, parent support group services, and speech therapy. Quality of medical services was generally perceived as being "excellent or good," while services related to information about community programs, child's rights in school, resources available to pay for uncovered medical expenses, as well as communication between the treatment center and the child's school were more often rated as "fair or poor." A smaller proportion of rural clients rated physician care and availability of staff nurses as fair or poor. A larger percentage of the rural group reported that access to treatment center location was fair or poor, compared to the urban group. Overall, the evaluation of the Indiana CSHCN program has shown that the non-medical care component seems to be in need of change, especially in the area of information and communication. Attention needs to be focused on providing more family support such as respite or child care and support groups, better information and communications, and improved availability of mental health services to better enable the CSHCN program to meet its objectives.
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PMID:Children with special health care needs program: urban/rural comparisons. 1017 70

Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) is a rare, potentially life-threatening allergic disorder, which is well described in relation to many aromatic anticonvulsants. Lamotrigine is a relatively new aromatic anticonvulsant agent that is thought to act on voltage-dependent sodium channels. Initially, it was licensed as add-on therapy for seizures inadequately controlled by other medications. However, its use has been broadened to other indications, including stand-alone therapy for seizures as well as for bipolar disorder. There is extensive experience with hypersensitivity syndromes related to phenytoin, carbomazepine, primidone, and phenobarbital, but fewer reactions have been reported to lamotrigine because of its relatively recent release. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a higher rate of adverse reactions to many medications. It is unknown if they react more commonly to anticonvulsants such as lamotrigine. It is also unknown if the syndrome lias a tendency to be more severe or prolonged in such patients. The diagnosis of AHS may be particularly elusive in patients with HIV because its common features can easily be confused with an infectious etiology. We report the occurrence of a prolonged hypersensitivity syndrome likely related to lamotrigine in a 32-year-old female with HIV and review the literature regarding this condition.
Allergy Asthma Proc
PMID:Prolonged anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome related to lamotrigine in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus. 1252 8

Barbiturates, a class of medications commonly used as antiepileptics and sedatives, are known to cause adverse reaction, with the most commonly reported immune-mediated reactions being anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome. Other types of allergic reactions such as immediate hypersensitivity reactions also can occur. We present a 3-month-old child with refractory generalized convulsive status epilepticus who required pentobarbital therapy in the context of phenobarbital sensitivity because of progressive generalized seizures unresponsive to other aggressive therapies. Skin tests to pentobarbital and phenobarbital were negative. In the intensive care unit setting, intravenous pentobarbital desensitization was performed without reaction. To our knowledge, this is the first reported protocol for pentobarbital desensitization.
Allergy Asthma Proc
PMID:Pentobarbital desensitization in a 3-month-old child. 1551 May 80

Our objective was to determine the impact of gender and age on asthma hospitalization rates among children. We used a population-based retrospective birth cohort study to determine yearly age- and gender-specific asthma hospitalization rates between ages 2-18 years in a cohort of all children born in Washington State between 1980-1985. In addition, we assessed factors associated with the hospitalization of a given child for asthma both before and during adolescence, and factors associated with an initial asthma hospitalization during adolescence. Outcome measures included age- and gender-specific rates of hospitalization for asthma, diabetes, seizures/epilepsy, and nonasthma respiratory diagnoses. Asthma hospitalization rates for boys were significantly higher than for girls between ages 2-12 years, the gender gap in asthma hospitalizations reversed between ages 13-14 years, and rates for girls were significantly higher than boys between 16-18 years of age. The male peak asthma hospitalization rate per 100,000 cohort members occurred at age 4 years (12.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 11.1-14.3), and the male trough rate occurred at age 18 years (4.1; 95% CI, 2.8-5.4), whereas the female peak asthma hospitalization rate occurred at age 17 years (9.4; 95% CI, 7.8-11) and the female trough rate at age 2 years (5.2; 95% CI, 4.2-6.2). Age-specific hospitalization rates for diabetes mellitus and epilepsy were similar for boys and girls throughout childhood. Female gender was strongly associated with asthma hospitalization occurring in an individual child both prior to and during adolescence (rate ratio (RR), 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4-2.9), and was modestly associated with initial hospitalization in adolescence (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.0-1.3). In conclusion, asthma hospitalization rates for boys and girls exhibit strikingly different patterns during adolescence. Potential explanations for these gender differences include hormonal changes during puberty, or gender-specific differences in environmental exposures such as diet, obesity, allergen exposure, or cigarette smoking.
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PMID:Impact of adolescence and gender on asthma hospitalization: a population-based birth cohort study. 1569 May 59

Over the last 20 years, the prevalence of asthma has nearly doubled in industrialized countries. A similar increase has been predicted for the next two decades. Asthma is major illness in terms of morbidity and suffering, asthma is the leading cause of hospitalizations in children under 15 years of age. According to many top experts, asthma is correctly characterized as a syndrome rather than disease. This lack of definition for asthma makes the search for a cause, prevention and potential cure elusive. Episodic airway obstruction and reversible bronchial hyperresponsiveness to non-specific irritants are the major symptoms of asthma. Airway inflammation is now widely accepted as the key factor underlying the pathogenesis of asthma. However, many patients show no signs of inflammation, yet they still have severe airflow limitation and asthma symptoms. The primary clinical symptoms of asthma are attacks of shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing resulting from excessive and inappropriate constriction of the airway smooth muscle. Our research suggests a possible epileptic or hyper-excitatory condition of bronchial system in asthma pathogenesis. The paroxysmal, spasmodic character of asthma attacks may be similar to seizures. We propose a unified pathogenetic mechanism of asthma as a syndrome of inducible or genetically predisposed membrane hyper-excitability (bronchial epilepsy).
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PMID:Bronchial epilepsy or broncho-pulmonary hyper-excitability as a model of asthma pathogenesis. 1679 69

Asthma and epilepsy have been suspected to be related to each other for a long time. To determine the frequency of seizures occurring in all asthmatic children referred to the teaching hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) for two consecutive years, we conducted the following study. 16 out of 202 cases had previous history of non-febrile seizures (7.9%). Five patients (2.5%) had only a single seizure, and the remaining (5.4%) had recurrent attacks. All cases had generalized tonic-clonic type of seizures. One of the cases had a prolonged seizure (status epilepticus) lasting for more than 30 minutes. We concluded that the occurrence of seizure in our asthmatic patients was far more frequent than that in the general population.
Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2003 Sep
PMID:Are seizures more frequent in asthmatic children? 1730 68

Most primary care physicians report at least one emergency presenting to their office per year. Asthma, anaphylaxis, shock, seizures, and cardiac arrest are among the most common adult and childhood emergencies in the office setting. Most offices are not fully prepared for these medical emergencies. Practices can initiate a preparedness program by purchasing emergency equipment and medications that reflect the spectrum of anticipated emergencies in their patient populations, the practitioners' skills, and the distance to the nearest emergency department. Physicians and staff should make every effort to maintain current certification in basic or advanced lifesaving courses. Offices may also wish to create a written emergency protocol that outlines the steps to be followed in the event of a medical office emergency. By preparing for medical emergencies with the correct equipment, education, and protocols, offices can greatly decrease the risk of an unfavorable outcome.
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PMID:Medical emergency preparedness in office practice. 1757 58


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