Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The importance of cerebral blood volume (CBV) as a physiological parameter has been well recognized, especially in its relation to the intracranial pressure (ICP). Although various methods have been applied to measure CBV, several problems and difficulties still remain to be settled. In the present study, noninvasive monitoring of CBV on the cortical surface was done with organ reflectance spectrophotometry. Through the cranial window, the cat brain was illuminated by the white light via optical fibers and reflected light was analized by spectrophotometer equipped with microcomputer and image-sensor (Sumitomo Elec. Co., Spectrum analyzer TS-200), which enables to estimate CBV on real time as the absorbance value at the isobestic point of the spectral curve of hemoglobin (Hb). In order to ascertain the reliability and reproducibility, the change of CBV was examined by 5% & 10% CO2 inhalation, 5% O2 inhalation and bilateral jugular vein occlusion. A linear correlation was found between PaCO2 and Hb absorbance value on CO2 inhalation. By the bilateral jugular vein occlusion, Hb increased concomitantly with ICP, while cerebral blood flow (CBF) decreased. On 5% O2 inhalation, absorbance spectral pattern of tissue Hb changed from that of oxy-Hb to deoxy-Hb without change of absorbance value at the isobestic point. Thus, the Hb absorbance value obtained by this spectrophotometer was considered to be reliable for the estimation of CBV on the cortical surface. Using this, the change of CBV was examined on the drug-induced seizure and post-decompression state after sustained intracranial hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Continuous monitoring of cerebral blood volume in cats using a reflectance spectrophotometer]. 400 77

In this paper we analyzed the clinical manifestation and course of the disease in 47 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and secondary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) during prospective follow-up that lasted 2-5 years (mean 3.4). The most frequent features of APS were thrombosis (51%) thrombocytopenia (46.8%), and neuropsychiatric disorders (40.4%). These features were predominantly associated with elevated concentrations of IgG aCL isotype or with the presence of both IgG and IgM isotypes. Spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders included mainly cerebrovascular ischemic disease (63%), but also some other, such as mental disorders and seizures, and, rarely, atypical migraine and transverse myelopathy. Thrombotic events in APS are the most significant for therapeutic and prognostic considerations. The treatment of basic disease (SLE) and conventional management of thromboembolic manifestation with heparin and/or dicoumarol (or warfarin) prevented neither the recurrent thrombosis in 9 patients (37.5%), nor the fatal outcome in 6 patients (12.8%). Further investigations and perhaps more aggressive approach to APS treatment are needed for better clinical care of these patients.
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PMID:Anticardiolipin antibodies and clinical spectrum of antiphospholipid syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. 962 55

We tested the hypothesis that individuals who frequently practice meditation within another culture whose assumptions explicitly endorse this practice should exhibit more frequent and varied experience associated with complex partial epilepsy (without the seizures) as inferred by the Personal Philosophy Inventory and Roberts' Questionnaire for the Epileptic Spectrum Disorder. 80 practitioners of Dharma Meditation and 24 university students in Thailand were compared with 76 students from first-year courses in psychology in a Canadian university. Although there were large significant differences for some items and clusters of items expected as a result of cultural differences, there were no statistically significant differences between the two populations for the proportions of complex partial epileptic-like experiences or their frequency of occurrence. There were no strong or consistent correlations between the history of meditation within the sample who practiced Dharma meditation and these experiences. These results suggest complex partial epileptic-like experiences may be a normal feature of the human species.
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PMID:Complex partial epileptic-like experiences in university students and practitioners of Dharmakaya in Thailand: comparison with Canadian university students. 1172 43

The relationship between epilepsy, epileptiform discharges, cognitive, language and behavioral symptoms is not clearly understood. Since difficulties with socialization and maladaptive behaviors are found in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), we inquired whether epileptiform activity and seizures are associated with adverse behavioral manifestations in this population. We reviewed our EEG database between 1999-2006, and identified 123 children with ASD. EEG abnormalities were found in 39 children (31%). A control group of age and gender matched ASD children with normal EEG's was obtained. Packets of questionnaires including the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale II (VABS), Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) were sent by mail. Out of 21 packets received, 11 had normal and 10 had abnormal EEG's. There were no statistically significant differences in behavior between the two groups. Statistical analysis of discharge location and frequency did not reveal a significant trend. However, children with ASD and seizures had statistically significant lower scores in VABS daily living (P=0.009) and socialization (P=0.007) as compared to those without seizures. ASD children with seizures had higher ABC levels of hyperactivity and irritability. Differences in irritability scores nearly reached statistical significance (P=0.058). There was no significant difference in the degree of CARS autism rating between the groups. Our study did not reveal statistically significant differences in behaviors between ASD children with and without EEG abnormalities. However, ASD children with seizures revealed significantly worse behaviors as compared to counterparts without seizures.
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PMID:Autism Spectrum Disorder: Correlation between aberrant behaviors, EEG abnormalities and seizures. 2157 34

Onyx embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) has become increasingly common. We explored the risk of seizures after Onyx use.A retrospective review was conducted of 20 patients with supratentorial brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) who received Onyx embolization between 2006 and 2009. Baseline demographics, clinical history, seizure history, AVM characteristics and treatment were compared between those who developed post-onyx seizure and those who did not. MRIs were reviewed for edema following Onyx treatment.Of 20 patients who underwent Onyx embolization, the initial AVM presentation was hemorrhage in 40% (N=8). The median number of embolizations was two (range 1-4) and the median final obliteration amount was 90% (range 50-100%). A history of seizure was present in 50% (N=10) of patients pre-embolization and 12 (60%) patients received seizure medications (treatment or prophylaxis) prior to embolization. Seizur post-Onyx embolization occurred in 45% (N=9). The median time to seizur post-Onyx was seven days (range 0.3-210). Four patients (20%) with seizures post-Onyx had no seizure history. Two of these patients (10%) had no other identifiable cause for seizure other than recent Onyx embolization. Seizures in these two patients occurred within 24 hours of Onyx administration. Among patients with post-Onyx seizures, there was a trend toward larger AVM size (P=0.091) and lower percent obliteration (P=0.062). Peri-AVM edema was present in 75% of MRIs performed within one month of Onyx treatment and may represent a possible etiology for seizures.New onset seizures post-Onyx embolization are not uncommon. Further study of seizure prevention is warranted.
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PMID:Seizures after Onyx embolization for the treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformation. 2200 95

Many children with Autism Spectrum Diseases (ASD) present with seizure activity, but the pathogenesis is not understood. Recent evidence indicates that neuro-inflammation could contribute to seizures. We hypothesize that brain mast cell activation due to allergic, environmental and/or stress triggers could lead to focal disruption of the blood-brain barrier and neuro-inflammation, thus contributing to the development of seizures. Treating neuro-inflammation may be useful when anti-seizure medications are ineffective.
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PMID:Neuro-inflammation, blood-brain barrier, seizures and autism. 2212 87

Behavioral problems in Japanese children with epilepsy were investigated by means of a questionnaire for parents consisting of three checklists: the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)/4-18 Japanese Edition, the High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ), and the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS) for parents. The participants were the parents of 108 children aged 6-18 years with apparently normal intelligence. The CBCL indicated abnormal behavior in 10.5 to 35.6% of the children, and T scores on both the internalizing and externalizing scales had a significant positive relation with scores on the ASSQ and ADHD-RS. It was revealed through multivariate logistic regression analysis that the persistence of seizures was significantly related with abnormality on the externalizing scale of the CBCL (p=0.010, odds ratio: 3.48, 95% confidence interval: 1.34-9.02). Future studies are needed to determine whether seizure freedom improves behavior in children with epilepsy.
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PMID:Questionnaire-based assessment of behavioral problems in Japanese children with epilepsy. 2346 53

Intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) have a cumulative risk of hemorrhage and refractory seizures. Pre-surgical Onyx embolization of cerebral AVMs improves clinical outcome. A 45-year-old man with a history of seizures was diagnosed with a Spetzler-Martin grade 4 AVM in the right occipital lobe. As per initial assessment, three to four sessions were required for adequate devascularization of the AVM before offering either surgery or gamma knife treatment. We achieved 10% and 70% devascularization in the first and second stage Onyx18 embolization respectively. Subsequent bilateral internal carotid, external carotid, vertebral and right posterior cerebral artery superselective angiography performed six weeks after the second stage of embolization demonstrated unexpected complete angiographic cure of the AVM.
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PMID:Progressive AVM Thrombosis after Onyx Embolization with Angiographic Cure. 2402 89

Rett syndrome is an Autism Spectrum Disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding methyl-CpG binding protein (MeCP2). Following a period of normal development, patients lose learned communication and motor skills, and develop a number of symptoms including motor disturbances, cognitive impairments and often seizures. In this review, we discuss the role of MeCP2 in regulating synaptic function and how synaptic dysfunctions lead to neuronal network impairments and alterations in sensory information processing. We propose that Rett syndrome is a disorder of neural circuits as a result of non-linear accumulated dysfunction of synapses at the level of individual cell populations across multiple neurotransmitter systems and brain regions.
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PMID:The neural circuit basis of Rett syndrome. 2499 53

Childhood epilepsy is associated with a range of neurobehavioural comorbidities including Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), motor impairments and emotional problems. These difficulties frequently have a greater impact on quality of life than seizures. Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) is a term increasingly in use in the UK and Europe to describe behaviours associated with an extreme resistance to demands and requests and the need to be in control in social interactions. In a population-based group of 85 children with epilepsy, four (5%) were identified as displaying significant symptoms of PDA, were assessed using the Extreme Demand Avoidance Questionnaire (EDA-Q) and are described in detail. As well as significant symptoms of PDA, the four children met criteria for a range of neurobehavioural disorders; all four had cognitive impairment (IQ<85) and met DSM-IV-TR criteria for ADHD. Three, in addition, met criteria for ASD and Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) and two for Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). All four experienced their first seizure before 5 years of age. School and parent reports indicated very significant functional impairment and management concerns, particularly with respect to complying with everyday demands. Symptoms of PDA should be considered when evaluating neurobehavioural comorbidity in childhood epilepsy.
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PMID:Pathological Demand Avoidance in a population-based cohort of children with epilepsy: four case studies. 2517 6


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