Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Possible targets of quinolone toxicity include the juvenile joint, the kidney, the central nervous system (CNS), the eye, and the cardiovascular system. In immature animals all quinolones studied cause arthropathies of the major diarthrodial joints. Arthropathies have also developed in adult dogs after 12 months of pefloxacin treatment. At high doses the quinolones exert effects on renal function that are related to a foreign-body reaction caused by crystals; nephropathologic changes seem not to occur without crystalluria. In humans quinolones can have various CNS effects. The subcellular "substrate" for these effects is unknown. Further understanding of severe CNS reactions (confusion, hallucination, anxiety, agitation, nightmares, convulsive seizures, and depression) is needed. Pefloxacin causes cataracts in dogs after treatment for 8-12 months. Low-dose quinolones (administered as an intravenous bolus) cause pronounced but transient systolic hypotension in dogs and cats; cardiovascular effects may be mediated by histamine release. Quinolones inhibit the bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase. To exclude the possibility of damage to mammalian DNA, mutagenicity studies have been performed. Since all but two tests (which may give false-positive results) have been negative, quinolones appear to be nonmutagenic. Photosensitivity has occurred in humans given quinolones. Drug interactions can be clinically important.
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PMID:Specific toxicologic aspects of the quinolones. 327 89

The effects of a chronic treatment with pefloxacin on aminophylline-induced seizures in genetically epilepsy-prone rat have been investigated. Two series of experiments were performed. In the first, animals received pefloxacin orally twice a day for five days, then were administered aminophylline intraperitoneally and the occurrence of seizures was evaluated. In the second series of experiments, theophylline serum concentration was evaluated in rats subject to the same experimental protocol. Pefloxacin significantly, and in a dose-dependent manner, increased the occurrence of seizure phases induced by aminophylline, but did not influence theophylline serum levels measured at different times after the injection of aminophylline. We suggest that additive neurotoxic effects of both pefloxacin and aminophylline might contribute to the increased severity of seizure score. The possible role of GABA-benzodiazepine, excitatory amino acid and purinergic mechanism, and the role of pharmacokinetic factors are discussed.
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PMID:Interaction between pefloxacin and aminophylline in genetically epilepsy-prone rats. 936 14