Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report the results obtained in 42 patients affected by infantile spasms syndrome during treatment with Sodium Dipropylacetic acid. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the aetiology: idiopathic and secondary. In the first group the use of DPK as determined the disappearance of the seizures in 6 cases (40%), reduction of the crises beyond 50% in 7 cases (46.6%), while in 2 subjects (13.3%) the crises persisted. In the secondary group the crises ceased in 3 cases (11.1%), in 17 (62.9%) there were a reduction of the crises beyond 50%, no response to the drug was observed in 7 subjects (25.9%). In 10 patients the anticonvulsant treatment was progressively diminished and was substituted with hormonal treatment. The long term follow up (1-6 years) gives the following results: the seizures persisted in 2 cases (18.18%) among the idiopathic form and in 6 cases (28.57%) among the secondary group. Mental retardation was found in 4 subjects (36.36%) among the idiopathic group and in 12 patients (57.14%) among the secondary group. The authors shortly report the side effect of the hormonal treatment: they prefer the initiation of treatment of I.S. with anticonvulsant drug and suggest to resort to the ACTH when the initial treatment is unsuccessful.
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PMID:[Therapy of infantile spasms (West syndrome) with sodium dipropylacetate]. 301 74

The article deals with a rare case of granulocytopenia following a seizure prophylaxis after a severe head injury. Although fatal complications like the one described occur extremely seldom, we want to emphasize the necessity of regular controls during the critical time period between the 10th and the 67th day of diphenylhydantoin treatment. The blood level should not exceed 10-20 micrograms/ml to prevent any toxic reaction to the myelopoetic system. If this treatment cannot be provided, we suggest to administer Clonazepam or Convulex.
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PMID:Diphenylhydantoin induced granulocytopenia following a seizure prophylaxis after a depressed skull fracture. 310 93

The effectiveness and side effects of a DPA monotherapy were evaluated in 96 children and adolescents over a period of five years. In addition the attempt has been made to find correlations between sex, age of seizure onset, etiology of the disease, types of seizures, and EEG abnormalities on the one hand, and the clinical response to the drug on the other hand. The results are in many respects similar to other observations with DPA: good therapeutic effect in cases with seizure onset between the age of 7-10 years, cryptogenic or genetic etiology, primary generalized seizures, and a generalized pattern in EEG (without focal changes). On the contrary positive effect of DPA in partial epilepsies and secondarily generalized epilepsies was seen only in those patients who had a seizure onset between seven and ten years and a cryptogenic etiology (syndrome of benign rolandic epilepsy in childhood can be suspected in these cases).
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PMID:[Valproic acid monotherapy in epilepsies in childhood and adolescence]. 312 Jan 33

The influence of antiepileptic drugs on the wet dog shakes (WDS) induced by intracerebroventricular injections of carbachol (30 micrograms icv) was investigated in rats. Diphenylhydantoin (DPH, 8 and 4 mg/kg), diazepam (0.4, 0.2 and 0.1 mg/kg), phenobarbital (12.5, 6.25 and 3.12 mg/kg), sodium valproate (Depakine, 200, 100 and 50 mg/kg) and trimethadione (200, 100 and 50 mg/kg) given ip inhibited the WDS in a dose-dependent manner. These drugs at the same doses did not change the intensity of shaking behavior induced by lithium chloride or 5-hydroxytryptamine. As the antiepileptic drugs tested in these experiments did not have anticholinergic activity and at used doses were not able to prevent electrical convulsions or pentetrazol-induced seizures, it appears that carbachol-induced WDS could be connected with convulsive activity and could be the initial stage of seizures.
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PMID:Inhibition by antiepileptics of carbachol but not lithium- or 5-methoxytryptamine-induced wet dog shakes in rats. 314 10

Phenibut, sodium hydroxybutyrate and baclofen are selectively effective against seizures induced in mice by the endogenous metabolites of tryptophan, L-kynurenine and quinolinic acid. The seizures were not affected by the drugs in doses under study. Depakine and aminooxyacetic acid as well as diazepam and phenobarbital appeared the most effective against pentylenetetrazole seizures. GABA and muscimol administered intracerebroventricularly merely prolonged the latency of seizures. Dissimilarities in the GABA-ergic mechanisms of the anticonvulsant effects of the drugs under consideration are discussed.
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PMID:[Convulsions induced by kynurenine and quinolinic acid as a sensitive test for assessing the anticonvulsant activity of GABA-ergic preparations]. 629 32

Sodium dipropylacetate, an anticonvulsant used in human therapy, gives a more efficient protection against convulsions elicited by pentetrazol than by picrotoxin. In the case of picrotoxin induced convulsive seizures where there is an alteration at the GABA receptor level, ther is a lack of efficiency after nDPA treatment which increases GABA at the synaptic level. DPA is more effective against pentetrazol convulsive seizures where no direct participation of GABAergic receptors seems to occur. The efficiency of potentialisation of GABAergic mediation is a function of the mechanism by which the seizure is triggered.
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PMID:[Effect of sodium dipropylacetate on experimental convulsions produced by pentetrazole and picrotoxin]. 645 30

Good control was achieved with sodium valproate (Epilim) in 44 (71%) of a sample of 62 children with severe recurrent epileptic seizures. The medication was most effective in the control of petit mal; good results, however, were also achieved in some patients with previously poorly controlled grand mal epilepsy and psychomotor and myoclonic seizures. Twenty children required no other anti-convulsant and 28 required only one other. Side-effects were infrequent and mild. Only the high cost of sodium valproate in South Africa precludes its more general use in childhood epilepsy.
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PMID:Clinical experience with sodium valproate in children. 677 53

The problem of phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia is dicussed within the context of consultative planning between oral care practitioners and the physician managing the epilepsy. The reluctance of the neurologist or of the patient to change an ongoing anti-convulsant program is often a response to a long history of tedious steps in medication adjustments to establish a level of seizure control without sacrificing alertness and mood control. Realistic indicators for discontinuing phenytoin are enumerated and therapeutic alternatives in treating phenytoin hyperplasia are discussed. A complicated case of seziure control is offered as an example of requirements in the medical control of epilepsy and the context in which periodontal therapy can be planned in conjunction with these medication adjustments. The mechanism of phenytoin induction of gingival hyperplasia is briefly discussed. Phenytoin (Dilantin) and a newer agent, valproic acid (Depakene), are compared as alternatives in seizure control.
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PMID:Therapeutic alternatives in phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia. A case report and discussion. 677 72

In 11 patients with complex partial epileptic seizures stuporous states were observed during treatment with valproate (VPA) (2 cases), with VPA and phenobarbitone (PB) (4 cases), or with VPA, PB and a third anti-epileptic drug (5 cases). Based on 3 characteristic cases, an attempt is made to define the role of VPA, the nature of the stuporous states, and the origin of digestive disorders which often herald the onset of behavioural disorders. Several clinical studies have suggested the direct responsibility of VPA even if the adverse effects are potentiated by many other anti-epileptic drugs. Stuporous states are not due to VPA overdose and do not depend on the mode of administration. No correlation has been found between electroclinical signs and plasma or CSF levels of the different anti-epileptic drugs. Reported data and the present cases suggest a paradoxical epileptogenic role for VPA on complex partial seizures: there exists a close similarity of electroclinical findings between spontaneous epileptic seizures and stuporous states during DPA treatment. Digestive disorders appear to result from a central mechanism and not from digestive tract intolerance. In some cases, it is likely that partial seizures with digestive symptoms and signs do occur.
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PMID:[Stuporous states during treatment with sodium valproate. Pathogenetic hypotheses]. 679 80

Dipropylacetate (DPA: valproic acid) is a new anticonvulsant reported to be effective in many types of seizures including those that occur early in life. This study describes the effects of chronic administration of DPA upon a developing organism. Four-day-old rat pups were injected daily with either 75 mg/kg DPA, 200 mg/kg DPA, or vehicle until day 18. Administration of DPA resulted in decreased body and organ weights, with the greatest reductions in the 200 mg/kg group. To control caloric intake, and additional experiment was conducted. Animals were injected with either vehicle or 200 mg/kg DPA. Each animal was implanted with a chronic intragastric cannula and fed through the cannula. The results of this experiment indicated that body and organ weights were the same for both vehicle and drug groups, except for brain. The animals receiving DPA had significant deficits of 12% in total brain weight and 22% in weight of the cerebellum. The data suggest that chronic administration of DPA early in life may have adverse consequences on brain growth.
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PMID:Effects of dipropylacetate on brain development. 679 88


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