Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Depakine Labaz in doses from 30 to 1200 mg daily was given to 52 patients in an outpatient clinic. In 13% of cases symptoms of drug intolerance developed and the treatment had to be discontinued. In 45 cases treatment was continued. The drug was given usually to patients refractory to previous drugs, with evidence of organic brain disease. The highest degree of clinical improvement was observed in patients with grand mal seizures and seizures without convulsions. The influence of this treatment of partial complex seizures was slightly smaller. The number of patients treated was too small for evaluation of the effects in partial simple seizures. The total proportion of improved patients was about 60%. In EEG curves normalization of background activity was the most frequent findings, without appearance of rapid activity. In some cases manifestation of focal changes was observed. The favourable effect of Depakine on seizure activity manifested itself in later period of treatment and was slight. The drug had a favourable effect on the wellbeing of patients and had no significant toxic effect in the liver or kidneys.
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PMID:[Preliminary evaluation of Depakine effects in epilepsy]. 37 Jun 75

Sodium valproate (N-dipropylacetic acid) is a newly released anticonvulsant drug with a broad spectrum of activity. Twenty-seven children with uncontrolled seizures, predominantly akinetic and myoclonic, were treated with this drug. Encouraging results were noted in those with head-nodding spells, body drops, and myoclonic jerks ("minor motor" seizures). Side effects included occasional gastrointestinal disturbance. No important hepatotoxic complications were noted. Two persons displayed transient neurologic side effects. Of particular interest was the noticeable improvements in mental status noted in 17 of the 27 patients. Some variations in blood level of other anticonvulsant drugs were noted, emphasizing the importance of monitoring these drugs. Valproate sodium provides important improvement in our ability to manage minor motor seizures.
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PMID:Valproate sodium in refractory seizures: a study of efficacy. 37 84

79 patients with primary generalized epilepsies have been treated with DPA in a medium dosage of 51 mg/kg bodyweight/day, range 14 to 125 mg/kg/day, for a medium time of 22 months, range 2 to 49 months. 51 children out of this group had been treated previously and were therapy resistant to other medications. 27 children got DPA for their first medication. 34 patients were treated with DPA as a single drug, 45 were treated in combination with other medications. Therapeutic success was found to be remarkable good in impulsive petit mal (n = 4, all patients without any more seizures), in absences (n = 52, complete success in 84%), and in primary generalized grand mal seizures with spike-waves in the EEG alone or in combination with petit mal (n = 30, 87% success). However, centrencephalic myoclonic-astatic seizures (n = 17, no more seizures in 35%) were influenced significantly less. Side effects were rarely seen, mostly they could be observed in those patients treated with DPA and another medication. Side effects never induced interruption of treatment with DPA.
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PMID:[The treatment of primary generalized epilepsies with dipropyl acetate (DPA)]. 40 14

Sodium valproate (Epilim) has been used in the management of 100 patients with previously uncontrolled epilepsy for periods up to 2 years. If all manifestations of epilepsy are considered together, 75% to 100% control of seizures was achieved in 43% of patients, 25% to 74% control in 26%, and no improvement occurred in 31% of patients. Control of 75% to 100% was achieved in 57% of patients with a spike and wave electroencephalogram (EEG) disturbance but only in 35% of those with focal abnormalities, excessive slow activity, or normal records. When the various manifestations of epilepsy were considered individually, the greatest improvement was found among the patients with the minor forms of generalized epilepsy (petit mal absences, myoclonus and atonic attacks) in whom 75% to 100% control was obtained in 67%, compared with 43% of those with major generalized seizures (grand mal) and 30% of those with temporal lobe attacks and other forms of focal epilepsy. Gastrointestinal disturbances and drowsiness were noted as side effects in the early stages of treatment, but the majority of patients tolerated the drug well and many commented on increased mental alertness while taking it. Two patients were over-stimulated and some noticed tremor or twitching as side effects. Some minor abnormalities in blood coagulation studies were noted, but these were transient and did not appear to be of clinical significance. Regular blood counts and biochemical studies have not shown any significant changes. Sodium valproate appears to be a safe and useful anticonvulsant with the advantage that it usually makes patients brighter rather than drowsier. Abnormalities of platelet function have been described in some overseas reports, so that any unexplained bruising or bleeding in a patient taking valproate is an indication for a platelet count and coagulation studies.
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PMID:The anticonvulsant action of sodium valproate (Epilim) in 100 patients with various forms of epilepsy. 40 31

The clinical trial of Dipropylacetat (Convulex) demonstrates the advantages of a well organized multicenter-study. In rather short time reliable information concerning indication, compatibility and dosage can be received. The results of this project are similar to other observations dealing with DPA: Good therapeutical effect in primary generalized epilepsies independent of the seizure-type. Astonishing results influencing Lennox-Syndrome. In cases not treated before, Convulex shows at least the same effect than the "standard anticonvulsants" but less side effects, especially sedation. In those untreated "new-comers" therapeutical effect comes earlier than in cases of premedication. 20 to 50 mg/kg/day can be recommended in childhood. In rare cases the dosage was increased up to 120 mg/kg/day without problems.
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PMID:[Austrian complex-study on dipropylacetate. Pediatric experiences]. 81 26

A series of 115 patients was treated with sodium valproate (Epilim) for periods ranging from 6 to 24 months and in dosages ranging from 400 mg to 2400 mg daily. All but six of these patients had intractable epilepsies and had been previously treated unsuccessfully with other anti-epileptic agents. Eighty patients had generalised seizures and 35 had partial seizures which, in 26 cases, were secondarily generalised. Reduction of seizure frequency by over 50 per cent occurred in about 70 per cent of patients with generalised seizures but in only 37 per cent of those with partial seizures. A number of patients reported increased alertness, improvement of mood, increased appetite and improved performance at school. The adverse effects encountered were gastro-intestinal symptoms, weight gain and hair loss.
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PMID:Sodium valproate in the treatment of resistant epilepsy. 82 82

The anti-convulsive action of dipropyl acetic acid (Convulex) was tested in 21 patients with grandmal seizures (GM) and/or temporal lobe attacks (TL), or with Jacksonian epilepsy. Patients were chosen according to a negative selection system. Results showed that in GM and TL seizures, Convulex constitutes an important addition to the battery of anticonvulsives available today. Action was more potent in GM than in TL attacks. Toxic effects are slight. Treatment had to be discontinued in two patients -- once because of cerebellar symptoms and once because of crowded incidence of seizures. In two cases the patients gained weight. Occasional gastrointestinal complaints disappeared when antacids were administered. No changes were observed with reference to blood count, or to hepatic or renal function. Fatigue set in only when treatment was combined with barbiturates and disappeared again when pre-medication was reduced. Five patients showed an improved state of mind (activation and better communication with others); this psychological action may be considered an additional advantage. Since the action of barbiturates and hydantoins is potentiated by Convulex, pre-medication may be reduced --provided Convulex therapy alone does not seem adequate. Hence, trial treatment with Convulex may also be recommended in those patients who are successfully controlled with barbiturates and hydantoins,but whose daily work schedule is impaired due to fatigue.
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PMID:[The effect of dipropyl acetic acid (Convules) in epileptic adults with a high frequency of seizures]. 82 58

The effect od dipropylacetic acid (DPA; Depakine) on the bemegride-induced convulsive threshold was investigated in alert cats. Forty-five min after DPA 200 mg/kg, s.c., no significant effect was obtained; 5 min after the same dose iv., protection from bemegride-induced seizures was pronounced. DPA did not decrease focal discharges in sensorimotor cortex produced by topical cobalt, although spread of epileptogenic activity from the focus was inhibited. DPA antiepileptic protection tested by the same procedure was about the same as that given by phenobarbital and less than that given by diazepam.
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PMID:Dipropylacetic acid (Depakine) in experimental epilepsy in the alert cat. 112

Twenty consecutive patients with chronic partial seizures with onset before twenty years of age were investigated by means of 0.5 T MRI (20) and HM-PAO (19) in order to identify focal alterations amenable to surgical therapy. MRI evidentiated parenchymal lesions in 7 patients. Findings consistent with unilateral medial temporal sclerosis and cortico-subcortical parietal scars were found in two patients each. Small solid nodular lesions in the temporal lobe were observed in two patients. These and one additional patient with nodular partially cystic lesions in temporal lobe were administered a paramagnetic contrast agent (Gadolinium DPA) intravenously. In one case a contrast enhancement was observed. Histologic examination post surgery revealed a low grade glioma in one patient. HM-PAO SPECT examination showed area of abnormal captation in 9 of 19 patients. Aspects of EEG correlation with the MRI and SPECT findings are discussed. Our data supported the usefulness of magnetic resonance and SPECT imaging in the completion of pre-surgical assessment in this kind of patients.
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PMID:[MRI and HM-PAO SPECT in 20 patients with drug-resistant partial epilepsy]. 212 12

Influence of ethosuximide (ESI, 125 mg/kg i.p.) and dipropylacetate (DPA, 300 mg/kg i.p.) pretreatment on electrocorticographic changes induced by pentamethylenetetrazole (PTZ, 20 mg/kg dose every 5 min) was studied in rats aged 7, 12, 18 and 90 days. PTZ alone induced isolated spikes and/or sharp waves as the first sign of its action in all age groups except in adult animals where rhythmic theta activity was elicited. The antiepileptic effect of DPA was observed in 12- and 18-day-old rats, ESI specifically inhibited rhythmic activity in adult rats. ECoG seizures induced by high doses of PTZ were inhibited by DPA in all age groups, ESI tended to be effective in adult rats only. DPA did not change the pattern of ECoG seizures, whereas ESI led to replacement of the spike-and-wave rhythm by serrated waves in adult animals. The low ability of immature brain to generalize ictal activity was further diminished by ESI.
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PMID:Influence of ethosuximide and dipropylacetate on metrazol-induced electrocorticographic changes during ontogenesis in rats. 294 8


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