Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the present investigation, the dichotic word listening performance of a sample of 25 dysphoric neuropsychiatric patients who endorsed multiple partial seizure-like symptoms was compared with that of matched samples of normal controls and patients with mood disorders who did not endorse multiple seizure-like symptoms. Eighty percent of the patients who endorsed multiple episodic phenomena failed the dichotic listening task, compared with 8% of normal controls and 28% of patients with typical mood disorders. After treatment with carbamazepine, a subsample of polysymptomatic patients manifested significantly fewer seizure-like symptoms. This clinical improvement was typically associated with markedly improved dichotic listening performance in most cases. The results are consistent with our previous hypothesis that "subclinical" electrophysiological dysfunction may severely disrupt the normal transmission and processing of auditory information. Because it is sensitive to this type of presumed cerebral dysfunction and relatively specific, impaired dichotic listening performance is likely to be a useful clinical marker for this complex neuropsychiatric syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Dichotic listening failure in dysphoric neuropsychiatric patients who endorse multiple seizure-like symptoms. 190 30

There is little evidence for significant intellectual deterioration in well-controlled seizure disorders. With recurrent convulsive seizures, the picture is less clear and depends on severity, type, age of onset, and frequency of toxic levels of antiepileptic drugs (see Table 1). In the interictal state, deficits in verbal language and memory have been observed, especially in patients with complex partial seizure foci in the left (dominant) hemisphere. The memory deficits appear to affect new learning and retention of material; the verbal deficits are more subtle, affecting word-finding, verbal fluency, and comprehension abilities. Both of these changes may either go unnoticed by the patient in day to day activities or be attributed to the effects of antiepileptic medication. Antiepileptic drugs can also affect interictal cognitive functioning. The worst of these appears to be phenobarbital; phenytoin has an intermediate effect; valproic acid and carbamazepine as single agents seem to produce fewer adverse effects. However, individual patients may be particularly sensitive to cognitive side effects of certain drugs. Finally, attention deficits and slowing of cognitive processes, either chronically or intermittently, appear to affect all seizure patients to some extent. The syndrome is more prominent in frontal or generalized seizure patterns. The intermittent nature of these disturbances has been emphasized in recent research on subclinical interictal spike-wave electrical phenomena.
 ...
PMID:Interictal cognitive changes in epilepsy. 192 32

Epilepsy is the commonest manifestation of neurocysticercosis. Epilepsy was observed in 127 of 150 cases (84.7%) of neurocysticercosis seen over a period of 17 years. The basis of diagnosis was clinical presentation and concomitant evidence of extraneural cysticercosis in the pre-computed tomography (CT) scan era, and typical CT findings in later years. Eighty one cases (54%) who primarily presented as epilepsy without any neurological deficit have been analysed in detail. In the pre-CT period the occurrence of epilepsy as a presenting feature in neurocysticercosis was 43.5% whereas in later years it was 61.4%. Primary generalised seizure (49 cases) was more common than partial seizure (29) and partial complex seizure (3). Status epilepticus was seen in 6 cases. Magnetic resonance imaging, done in 8 cases, proved to be more sensitive in demonstrating various stages in the development of noncalcified cysticercosis. The new larvicidal drugs offer a potential cure and cysticercosis should be entertained as a cause of epilepsy especially in endemic areas.
 ...
PMID:Epilepsy as a manifestation of neurocysticercosis. 162 33

Seventy eight cases of eating epilepsy seen from December 1982 to June 1989 are reported. Mastication of food produced seizures in 77 cases (98.72%) and swallowing in one (1.28%). Complex partial seizure was found in 76 cases (97.44%). Electroencephalogram was abnormal in 25 cases (32%).
 ...
PMID:Eating epilepsy. 196 Jan 56

Gabapentin is an analogue of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) which has anticonvulsant properties in animals. In a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of 1200 mg/day gabapentin as additional therapy in 127 patients with drug-resistant partial epilepsy, 25% of patients who received gabapentin had the number of partial seizures at least halved, compared with 9.8% of patients given placebo. The median reduction in partial seizure frequency during 12 weeks' treatment was 29.2% with gabapentin compared with 12.5% with placebo. The mean adjusted response ratio for gabapentin (-0.192) was significantly better than the ratio of -0.060 for placebo by analysis of variance. 62% of patients who received gabapentin reported mostly mild or moderate adverse effects compared with 41% on placebo; no interactions were observed between gabapentin and other standard anticonvulsants. Gabapentin is an effective additional treatment for patients with partial epilepsy refractory to standard therapy, is fairly well tolerated, and appears to have a favourable efficacy-to-toxicity ratio.
 ...
PMID:Gabapentin in partial epilepsy. UK Gabapentin Study Group. 197 62

Among many factors linked to an intractability of partial seizure secondarily generalized, changes in the brain resulting from repeated epileptic seizures are discussed mainly in light of our evidence obtained from kindling studies in cats. In addition, the literatures on biological mechanisms of the kindling effect are reviewed briefly. The evidence demonstrated and reviewed here indicates that: 1) limbic structure is not susceptible to develop generalized convulsions initially, 2) repeated attacks of limbic seizures result in a profound reduction in seizure threshold at the primary epileptogenic focus in the limbic structures, 3) once a limbic seizure developed to secondarily generalized convulsion, it seldom changes into the original partial seizure, 4) kindled events in the limbic structures are more profound and persistent than that in the cerebral cortex, and 5) repetition of focal cortical or limbic seizures may eventually produce spontaneous convulsive seizures originating in the limbic structures. These findings strongly suggest that the limbic system, rather than the cerebral cortex, is more susceptible to a lasting functional change resulted from seizure repetition, which can lead to an intractability of epilepsy with partial seizure. Lasting changes in the cell membrane including long-lasting enhancement of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis of the amygdala stimulated by excitatory amino acid appear important for development of trans-synaptic changes underlying the kindling-induced seizure susceptibility.
 ...
PMID:Intractability of complex partial seizure with secondary generalization: kindling studies in cats. 198 29

Knowledge of the recurrence risk following a first unprovoked seizure and the predictors of that risk are necessary for rational treatment decisions. Published estimates of recurrence risk range from 23% to 71%. In a meta-analysis of 16 reports, three methodologic factors explained much of the reported variation: (1) study inclusion criteria, ie, whether patients were enrolled at the time of their first seizure or if patients with prior seizures were included; (2) retrospective versus prospective ascertainment of patients; (3) the interval between the first seizure and the time at which risk was assessed. The average recurrence risk across the 16 studies was 51%. The risk was 40% and 52% in prospective and retrospective studies that employed first-seizure methods and 67% in non-first seizure studies. At or near 2 years following the first seizure, the recurrence risk was 36% and 47% in prospective and retrospective first-seizure studies. The distribution of prognostic factors was also important. Seizure etiology and the EEG were the strongest predictors of recurrence distinguishing between patient subgroups, with recurrence risks as low as 24% and as high as 65%. Partial seizures were associated with an increased recurrence risk, but not consistently. There is considerable agreement among studies concerning the recurrence risk following a first seizure, and much of the discrepancies among studies can be explained by differences in study methods and distributions of important prognostic factors.
 ...
PMID:The risk of seizure recurrence following a first unprovoked seizure: a quantitative review. 206 59

This report presented a 4-year-old girl who had atonic partial seizure of the right leg accompanied by impaired equilibrium. This patient had a generalized tonic-clonic seizures before, and had been on anticonvulsant medication. Mild cataplexy of the right leg and flail trunk while standing occurred abruptly. Based on clinical symptoms, physiological findings, and an electroencephalogram taken at the time of seizure, the cataplexy of the right leg was diagnosed as epileptic seizures. After the dosage of anticonvulsant drug was increased, all symptoms disappeared completely. Cases of atonic partial seizure have been reported only rarely. In our case, atonic partial seizure was associated with nonepileptic equilibrium impairment, probably due to cerebral cortex dysfunction. This is an extremely rare occurrence.
 ...
PMID:[A case of atonic partial seizure]. 210 51

Sleep and sleep deprivation are often used for EEG activation in epilepsy. We compared postprandial naps and day-long sleep deprived EEGs in 36 patients with generalized seizures, 57 complex partial seizure patients, and 7 individuals with mixed seizure disorders. Ten of 36 generalized seizure patients had normal sleep and sleep deprived EEGs, while both were normal in 16 of 57 partial seizure patients. Both were abnormal in 18 of 36 generalized and 22 of 57 partial epileptics. Seven generalized seizure patients had epileptiform discharges or seizures during afternoon naps but normal sleep deprived EEGs. No partial seizure patients had normal sleep deprived EEGs and abnormal nap, but 29 of 57 had abnormalities or seizures only with sleep deprivation. All 7 mixed seizure patients had abnormal sleep and sleep deprived studies, and 6 had seizures, 4 on both studies. Natural sleep may facilitate the appearance of generalized seizures or epilepti-form discharges, while sleep deprivation may accentuate the yield of EEG abnormality in partial epilepsy. Either is likely to be abnormal in patients with mixed seizures and encephalopathy. Natural sleep and sleep deprived EEGs are an appropriate combination in the evaluation of refractory seizures.
 ...
PMID:Sleep and sleep deprived EEG in partial and generalized epilepsy. 211 Oct 70

The effects of sleep and sleep deprivation on epilepsy are well known, but the effects of seizures and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on sleep have been less well studied. We recorded nocturnal sleep in 17 patients receiving antiepileptic monotherapy with ambulatory cassette EEG devices. Twelve patients had complex partial seizures and five had tonic-clonic convulsions. Two patients' seizures were largely nocturnal, and no seizures occurred during sleep recording. Five patients each were taking phenytoin (PHT), carbamazepine (CBZ), and valproate (VPA), and two were taking clonazepam (CZP), all with therapeutic serum levels and no toxic symptoms. Total sleep time was reduced, wakefulness increased, and sleep latency prolonged in partial seizures as compared with generalized epilepsy. REM sleep was reduced and its latency decreased in partial seizure patients. Both groups had decreased slow wave sleep; that of partial seizure patients was decreased more markedly. PHT increased sleep latency and decreased sleep time, and CBZ increased awakening and diminished slow wave and REM sleep. Patients taking VPA had slight reduction in slow wave sleep; those taking CPZ had decreased sleep and REM latencies. Epilepsy may affect nocturnal sleep, and the effects of partial and generalized seizure disorders may be different. AEDs may also have differential effects on nighttime sleep. These may prove important in the long-term management of epileptic patients.
 ...
PMID:Outpatient sleep recording during antiepileptic drug monotherapy. 211 39


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>